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हिन्दु

हिन्दु बियाह रसम (भारत)
कुल जनसङ्ख्या
१.२ अरब जागतिक (२०२०)[1][2][3]
उल्लेखनीय जनसङ्ख्याके क्षेत्र
 भारत १,१००,०००,०००[1][4]
 नेपाल 28,600,000[1][5][6]
 बङ्लादेस 13,790,000–17,000,000[1][7][8]
 इण्डोनेसिया 10,000,000[9]
 पाकिस्थान 7,500,000- 9,000,000[10][11]
 अमेरिका 3,230,000[12]
 श्रीलङ्का 3,090,000[1][13]
 मलेसिया 1,949,850[14][15]
 सञ्जुक्त अरब अमीरात 1,239,610[16]
 सञ्जुक्ताधिराज्ज 1,030,000[1][17]
 मारिशस 600,327[18][19]
 दक्खिन अफ्रिका 505,000[20]
 कनाडा 497,965[21]
 आस्ट्रेलिया 440,300[22]
 सिङ्गापुर 280,000[23][24]
 फिजी 261,136[25][26]
 म्यान्मार 252,763[27]
 त्रिनिदाद आउ टोबागो 240,100[28][29][30]
 गुयाना 190,966[31]
 भूटान 185,700[32][33]
 रूस 143,000[34]
 सूरीनाम 128,995[35]
धरम
हिन्दुधरम
[39]
शास्त्र
बेद, उपनिषद्, आरण्यक, ब्राह्मण-ग्रन्थ, संहिता, आगम, भगवद्गीता, पुराण, इतिहास, शास्त्र, तन्त्र, दर्शन, सूत्र, स्तोत्र, सुभाषित आउ अन्य[40][41][42][43]
भाषा
प्रमुख बोलल जायेवालाभाषा:
[45][46]
ई सन्दूकके: देखी • संवाद • सम्पादन

हिन्दुधरम
श्रेणी

Om
इतिहास · देवता
सम्प्रदाय · पूजा ·
आस्थादर्शन
पुनर्जन्म · मोक्ष
कर्म · माया
दर्शन · धरम
वेदान्त ·योग
शाकाहार शाकम्भरी  · आयुर्वेद
युग · सन्स्कार
भक्ति {{Wp/mag/हिन्दुदर्शन}}
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ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ · आरण्यक
उपनिषद् · श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता
रामायण · महाभारत
सूत्र · पुराण
शिक्षापत्री · वचनामृत
सम्बन्धित
बिश्वमे हिन्दुधरम
गुरु · मन्दिर देवस्थान
यज्ञ · मन्त्र
हिन्दु पौराणिककथा  · हिन्दुपरब
विग्रह
प्रवेशद्वार: हिन्दुधरम

हिन्दु मापनप्रणाली

हिन्दु ऊ लोग हथ जे धार्मिकरूपसे हिन्दुधरम मानहथ । [47] [48] ऐतिहासिक रूपसे ई शब्दके उपयोग भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमे रहेवाला जनला भौगोलिक, सान्स्कृतिक आउ बादमे धार्मिक पहचानकर्ताके रूपोमे कैल गेलहे । [49] [50]

"हिन्दु" शब्दके उत्पत्ति पुरान फारसीसे भेलहे जे ई नामके सन्स्कृत नाम सिन्धु, सिन्धुनदीके उल्लेख करहे । समान शब्दके यूनानी सजातीय शब्द " इण्डस् " (नदी लागि) आउ " इण्डिया " (नदीके भूमि लागि) हे । [51] [52] [53] " हिन्दु " शब्दके तात्पर्य सिन्धुनदीके भिरु वा ओकरासे परे भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमे रहेवाला जन लागि एगो भौगोलिक, जातीय अथवा सान्स्कृतिक पहचानकर्तो हे । [54] १६मा शताब्दी ईस्वी तक ई शब्द उपमहाद्वीपके ऊसभ निवासीके सन्दर्भित करे लगल जे तुर्क वा मुसलमान न हलन । [54] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 2] हिन्दु एगो पुरातन बर्तनी सन्स्करण हे, जेकर उपयोग आज अपमानजनक मानल जाहे । [55] [56]

सन्दर्भ[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050". Pew Research Center. 1 जनवरी 2020. मूल से 22 फ़रवरी 2017 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 22 फ़रवरी 2017.
  2. ↑ "The Global Religious Landscape – Hinduism". A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010. Pew Research Foundation. 18 December 2012. मूल से 6 मई 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 31 March 2013.
  3. ↑ "Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact" (PDF). gordonconwell.edu. January 2015. मूल (PDF) से 25 May 2017 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2015-05-29.
  4. ↑ "Központi Statisztikai Hivatal". Nepszamlalas.hu. मूल से 7 जनवरी 2019 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2013-10-02.
  5. ↑ The World Factbook
    Archived 2010-12-29 at the वेबैक मशीन, CIA United States (2013)
  6. ↑ Nepal US Department of State
  7. ↑ "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 201=Pew Research Center". 2 April 2015. मूल से 24 दिसंबर 2018 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 31 March 2017.
  8. ↑ BANGLADESH 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT, US State Department (2012), page 2
  9. ↑ Indonesia: Religious Freedoms Report 2010, US State Department (2011), Quote: "The Ministry of Religious Affairs estimates that 10 million Hindus live in the country and account for approximately 90 percent of the population in Bali. Hindu minorities also reside in Central and East Kalimantan, the city of Medan (North Sumatra), South and Central Sulawesi, and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). Hindu groups such as Hare Krishna and followers of the Indian spiritual leader Sai Baba are present in small numbers. Some indigenous religious groups, including the "Naurus" on Seram Island in Maluku Province, incorporate Hindu and animist beliefs, and many have also adopted some Protestant teachings."
  10. ↑ https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistan-muslim-league-q-objects-to-construction-of-hindu-temple-in-islamabad-310269
  11. ↑ Population by religion
    Archived 17 June 2006 at the वेबैक मशीन
  12. ↑ "2014 Religious Landscape Study – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life". 12 May 2015. अभिगमन तिथि 15 May 2015.
  13. ↑ Department of Census and Statistics,The Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka-2011
    Archived 2019-01-07 at the वेबैक मशीन
  14. ↑ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. मूल से 7 जनवरी 2019 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
  15. ↑ "Malaysia".
  16. ↑ Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers - Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-2024194347.
  17. ↑ UK Government (27 March 2009). "Religion in England and Wales 2011". Office of National Statistics (11 December 2012). अभिगमन तिथि 7 September 2014.
  18. ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. मूल से 24 दिसंबर 2018 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
  19. ↑ "Resident population by religion and sex" (PDF). Statistics Mauritius. पृ॰ 68. मूल (PDF) से 16 October 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 1 November 2012.
  20. ↑ "Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers (2010)". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 दिसंबर 2012. मूल से 1 फ़रवरी 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 14 फ़रवरी 2015.
  21. ↑ "2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. अभिगमन तिथि 21 April 2016.
  22. ↑ "2071.0 – Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016". Abs.gov.au. मूल से 9 जुलाई 2017 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2 अक्टूबर 2013.
  23. ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. मूल से 28 दिसंबर 2010 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
  24. ↑ "Singapore".
  25. ↑ "Fiji". State.gov. 2012-09-10. अभिगमन तिथि 2020-07-02.
  26. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. मूल से 7 जनवरी 2019 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2020-07-02.
  27. ↑ "The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Department of Population, Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population, MYANMAR. मूल (PDF) से 29 March 2018 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2 October 2018.
  28. ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. मूल से 7 जनवरी 2019 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
  29. ↑ "Trinidad and Tobago".
  30. ↑ "Trinidad and Tobago".
  31. ↑ "Religious Composition (Census of Guyana – 2012)". Bureau of Statistics – Guyana. July 2016. अभिगमन तिथि 2017-12-16.
  32. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. मूल से 28 दिसंबर 2010 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 2012-03-05.
  33. ↑ "Bhutan". State.gov. 2010-02-02. अभिगमन तिथि 2012-03-05.
  34. ↑ Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia
    Archived 2017-12-06 at the वेबैक मशीन. Sreda.org
  35. ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. मूल से 7 जनवरी 2019 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
  36. ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. मूल (PDF) से 2013-10-20 को पुरालेखित.
  37. ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. मूल (PDF) से 2013-10-20 को पुरालेखित.
  38. ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. मूल (PDF) से 2013-10-20 को पुरालेखित.
  39. ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. मूल (PDF) से 2013-10-20 को पुरालेखित.
  40. ↑ RC Zaehner (1992), Hindu Scriptures, Penguin Random House, ISBN 978-0679410782, pages 1-11 and Preface
  41. ↑ Ludo Rocher (1986), The Puranas, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-02522-5
  42. ↑ Moriz Winternitz (1996). A History of Indian Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. पपृ॰ xv–xvi. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-81-208-0264-3.
  43. ↑ Yajna, a Comprehensive Survey. Gyanshruti, Srividyananda. Yoga Publications Trust. 2007. पृ॰ 338. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 9788186336472.
  44. ↑ Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography (PDF). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. पृ॰ 10. मूल (PDF) से 20 October 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 24 November 2015.
  45. ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. मूल (PDF) से 2013-10-20 को पुरालेखित.
  46. ↑ Anjali Pandey, Re‐Englishing ‘flat‐world’ fiction, World Englishes, 10.1111/weng.12370, 38, 1-2, (200-218), (2019).
  47. ↑ Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84511-273-8, pp. 35–37
  48. ↑ Lloyd Ridgeon (2003). Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present. Routledge. पपृ॰ 10–11. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-1-134-42935-6.
  49. ↑ Pennington, Brian K. (2005), Was Hinduism Invented?: Britons, Indians, and the Colonial Construction of Religion, Oxford University Press, पपृ॰ 111–118, आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-0-19-803729-3
  50. ↑ Lorenzen 2006, पृ॰प॰ xx, 2, 13–26.
  51. ↑ Mihir Bose (2006). The Magic of Indian Cricket: Cricket and Society in India. Routledge. पपृ॰ 1–3. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-1-134-24924-4.
  52. ↑ "India". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  53. ↑ Flood 1996, पृ॰ 6.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Hawley, John Stratton; Narayanan, Vasudha (2006), The Life of Hinduism, University of California Press, पपृ॰ 10–11, आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-0-520-24914-1
  55. ↑ Herbst, Philip (1997), The color of words: an encyclopaedic dictionary of ethnic bias in the United States, Intercultural Press, पपृ॰ 106–107, आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-1-877864-97-1, Hindu, Hindoo A term borrowed from the Persian word Hindu ... Hindu is used today for an adherent of Hinduism, the common religion of India. ... Hindoo is listed in dictionaries as a variant spelling, but it is one that may lend itself to derogatory use.
  56. ↑ Rosenblatt, Roger (1999), Consuming desires: consumption, culture, and the pursuit of happiness, Island Press, पृ॰ 81, आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 1-55963-535-5, For example, even though the majority of these newcomers were, in fact, practicing Hindus, by the mid-1960s, anti-immigration agitators had dropped the use of Hindoo as choice slur.; Bhatia, Sunil; Ram, Anjali (2004), "Culture, hybridity, and the dialogical self: Cases of the South Asian diaspora", Mind, Culture, and Activity, 11 (3), पपृ॰ 224–240, डीओआइ:10.1207/s15327884mca1103_4, Not being able to live up to the 'unattainable' images of 'Charlie's Angels' and the golden-girls of 'The Brady Bunch,' and facing 'repeated and constant' racial slurs at school such as 'nigger,' 'injun,' and 'hindoo,' combined with a lack of role models ...

टिप्पणी[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Flood (1996, p. 6) adds: "(...) 'Hindu', or 'Hindoo', was used towards the end of the eighteenth century by the British to refer to the people of 'Hindustan', the people of northwest India. Eventually 'Hindu' became virtually equivalent to an 'Indian' who was not a Muslim, Sikh, Jain or Christian, thereby encompassing a range of religious beliefs and practices. The '-ism' was added to Hindu in around 1830 to denote the culture and religion of the high-caste Brahmans in contrast to other religions, and the term was soon appropriated by Indians themselves in the context of building a national identity opposed to colonialism, though the term 'Hindu' was used in Sanskrit and Bengali hagiographic texts in contrast to 'Yavana' or Muslim as early as the sixteenth century".
  2. ↑ von Stietencron (2005, p. 229): For more than 100 years the word Hindu (plural) continued to denote the Indians in general. But when, from AD 712 onwards, Muslims began to settle permanently in the Indus valley and to make converts among low-caste Hindus, Persian authors distinguished between Hindus and Muslims in India: Hindus were Indians other than Muslim. We know that Persian scholars were able to distinguish a number of religions among the Hindus. But when Europeans started to use the term Hindoo, they applied it to the non-Muslim masses of India without those scholarly differentiations.

इहो देखी[edit | edit source]

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