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w:WP:STUB ꠁ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠀꠛꠧ ꠇꠥꠠꠤ ꠞꠂꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠈꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠃꠑꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠀꠞꠝ꠆ꠛ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠁꠟꠣꠘ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠇꠥꠠꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠙꠣꠔꠣꠁꠘ ꠖꠦꠈꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠁ ꠛꠦꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠇꠥꠘꠔꠣ ꠙꠥꠞꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠕꠣꠇ꠆ꠟꠦ ꠟꠇ꠆ꠖꠤ ꠟꠦꠈꠤꠀ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠀꠞꠧ ꠛꠟꠣꠁꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕
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ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ
ꠎꠦ ꠎꠤꠘꠤꠡꠞ | language family |
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ꠔꠟꠞ | Indo-Iranian, South Asian languages |
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ꠎꠦꠟꠇꠞꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠖꠦꠅꠀ | Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 6 |
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P1482 | https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/tags/indo-aryan |
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P527 | Dardic, Northern Indo-Aryan, Northwestern Indo-Aryan, Central Indo-Aryan, Eastern Indo-Aryan, Southern Indo-Aryan, Insular Indo-Aryan, Chinali–Lahul, Badeshi |
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ꠇꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠣꠔ ꠍꠛꠤꠘ | Indo-Aryan languages |
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P1424 | Template:Indo-Aryan languages |
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ꠁ ꠐꠙꠤꠇꠞ ꠀꠡꠟ ꠙꠖ | Category:Indo-Aryan languages |
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ꠀꠁꠄꠌꠅ 639-2 ꠇꠥꠒ | inc |
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P1798 | inc |
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ꠛꠤꠄꠘꠄꠙ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ | 12649408b |
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ꠎꠤꠄꠘꠒꠤ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ | 4133531-4 |
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ꠁꠎꠞꠣꠁꠟꠤ ꠎꠣꠔꠤꠅ ꠟꠣꠁꠛ꠆ꠛꠦꠞꠤ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ | 987007548214005171 |
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P244 | sh85065695 |
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P1368 | 000164315 |
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ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠤ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥ ꠀꠞꠤ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ
ꠢꠇꠟ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠅ-ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠅꠞ ꠟꠞꠣꠢꠥꠘꠣꠞꠇꠟ ꠄꠇ꠆ꠟꠉꠦ ꠝꠤꠟꠣꠁꠀ ꠖꠦꠈꠣ
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ꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ
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ꠝꠣꠔ
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ld |
/iː i eː e ɨː ɨ əː ə aː a ɔː ɔ oː o uː u/ |
ꠇꠣꠡ꠆ꠝꠤꠞꠤ
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lb |
/ɪ iː ʊ uː e eː ə~ɐ əː o oː æ~ɛ a aː ɔ/ |
ꠝꠘꠤꠙꠥꠞꠤ
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l৩ |
/iː i eː e æː æ aː a ə oː o uː u/ |
ꠡꠤꠋꠅꠟ
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l0 |
/i ɪ e ɛ · a ə · ɔo ʊ u/ |
ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠘ꠆ꠎꠣꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠤꠘ꠆ꠗꠤ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠌ꠆ꠌꠤ ꠨ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠇꠣ ꠨ ꠞꠣꠎꠤꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘꠤ
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9 |
/i ɪ e æ~ɛ · a ə · o ʊ u/ |
ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠒꠥꠉ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠞꠥꠗꠣꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠦꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠋꠅꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠈꠣꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠌꠥꠞꠣꠁ) ꠨ ꠡꠣꠞꠣꠁꠇꠤ
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/i ɪ e · a ə · ɔo ʊ u/ |
ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠡꠖꠌꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠥꠞꠈꠥꠟꠤ)
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/i ɪ e ɛ · a · ɔo ʊ u/ |
ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠎꠘꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠢꠥꠟꠣꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠇꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠥꠁ)
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8 |
/i e ɛ · a ə · ɔo u/ |
ꠉꠥꠎ꠆ꠞꠣꠐꠤ
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/i e ɛ a · ɒ ɔ o u/ |
ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ
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/i ɪ e · a ə · o ʊ u/ |
ꠢꠣꠟ꠆ꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠜꠣꠐ꠆ꠐꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠉꠠꠀꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠌꠣꠝꠦꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠉꠣꠖ꠆ꠖꠤ)
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V |
/i e æ · a · ɔo u/ |
ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ
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d |
/i e a · ɔo u/ |
ꠅꠠꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠘꠥꠙꠥꠞꠤ
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/i e · a ə · o u/ |
ꠝꠣꠞꠣꠑꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠦꠙꠣꠟꠤ ꠟꠣꠝ꠆ꠛꠣꠖꠤ ꠨ ꠍꠣꠗ꠆ꠞꠤ
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☽ |
/i e · a · o u/ |
ꠞꠥꠝꠣꠘꠤ (ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤ)
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/i e · a · ɔ u/ |
ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
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Nasals
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Languages
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/m/ !! /n/ !! /ɳ/ !! /ɲ/ !! /ŋ/
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Dogri ꠨ Kacchi ꠨ Kalasha ꠨ Rudhari ꠨ Shina ꠨ Saurashtri ꠨ Sindhi ꠨ Saraiki
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || Sinhala
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || Nepali ꠨[1] Kalami ꠨ Odia ꠨ Dhundhari ꠨ Pashayi ꠨ Marwari
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|| Dhivehi[2]
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|| data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Gujarati ꠨ Hindi ꠨ Kashmiri ꠨ Marathi ꠨ Punjabi ꠨ Rajasthani (Marwari)
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|| data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠘꠦꠙꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
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|| data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Urdu ꠨ Romani ꠨ Domari
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Stops
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Languages
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/p/ !! /t̪/ !! /ʈ/ ~ /t/ !! /ʈ͡ʂ/ !! /t͡ʃ/ ~ /t͡ɕ/ !! /t͡s/ !! /k/ !! /q/
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Khowar ꠨ Shina ꠨ Bashkarik ꠨ Kalasha
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|| Gawarbati ꠨ Phalura ꠨ Shumashti ꠨ Kanyawali ꠨ Pashai
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Marathi ꠨ Konkani ꠨ certain W. Pahari dialects (Bhadrawahi ꠨ Bhalesi ꠨ Mandeali ꠨ Padari ꠨ Simla ꠨ Satlej ꠨ maybe Kulu) ꠨ Kashmiri ꠨ E. and N. dialects of Bengali (parts of Dhaka ꠨ Mymensingh ꠨ Rajshahi)
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Hindustani ꠨ Punjabi ꠨ Dogri ꠨ Sindhi ꠨ Gujarati ꠨ Sinhala ꠨ Odia ꠨ Standard Bengali ꠨ dialects of Rajasthani (except Lamani ꠨ NW. Marwari ꠨ S. Mewari) ꠨ Sanskrit ꠨[3] Prakrit ꠨ Pali ꠨ Maithili ꠨ Magahi ꠨ Bhojpuri
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Romani ꠨ Domari ꠨ Kholosi
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|| data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Nepali ꠨ dialects of Rajasthani (Lamani and NW. Marwari) ꠨ Northern Lahnda's Kagani ꠨ Kumauni ꠨ many West Pahari dialects (not Chamba Mandeali ꠨ Jaunsari ꠨ or Sirmauri)
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|| data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Rajasthani's S. Mewari
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Assamese
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || Chittagonian
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|| data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" | || ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
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- ↑ Only some speakers have a /ɳ/
- ↑ Unclear status of /ɲ/
- ↑ In Sanskrit ꠨ probably /cɕ/ is a more correct representation. Sometimes ꠨ only for representation ꠨ /c/ is also used.