Plateau State chè juwe àbu "unyi èbò kpài ugbo umi".[1] mànyu ogbo ènwu kò jò nyi dàbu ukà, uwo kpài omi àji, kumà là jodu mà Jos Plateau kpài mà chene nuŵewè àlukà a 3.5 million àmonè.[2]
Terminus market
Oji òmè
Plateau State là dè North Central Zone defu ògògò mèfà efu geopolitical zones kidi Nigeria.[3] kilà du àlukà 26,899 square kilometres, plateau state nàlukà àmonè àbi million mètà. Ìlà doji latitude 8°24' N kpài 10°30' N mànyu longitude 8°32' E kpài 10°38' E.[4] plateau state du odu mà koji Jos Plateau, ugbo kuwu nànà oji ànè àmà àkechi state ki là nàmo okotà wewe .[5] àmo okotà chè jànè wewe grasslands
Climate
Harmattan àfu àjènwu ànèbò lile ègbà ochu èkwè ègweji ti ochu èkeji, mànyu èkpunà òlà chà wà eko uwu efu ochu èkèta ti ichu èkelè. tà jènwu eko òlòji àwà kwègbà wet season efu ochu èkebìe ti ochu èke èjò. èbò ànè jènwu àchigili idè chèki èbò (ògà) tropical diseases such as malaria. Jos Plateau là chi ugbo kàji wewe ki wkànè àmà àkechi làle efu Nigeria, Kaduna, Gongola, Hadeja and Damaturu rivers.[6]
Geology
Plateau chi ogbobku ukutà igini (granite ) ugbo kà mo ukutà igbele onwu ènike li, granite rock. Granite ei ètò àbàjò nàbi òdò 160 million old. tàki jènwu Jos Plateau chojoji. àmu uwo wewe dòmò kpài
Plateau State chèmà àbi àbo èbò kpài ènwu eju nwu in Nigeria.[8] àmà tourism sector màlà dòmò àche oji ukpàyu kuwà we gbòkò kwu gbo state government, todu àmènwu eju àdunwà mà chènwu unyeju, tàki jènwu àmonè wewe àwòmò kpàiòkò.
The National Museum eyi Jos màbi efu òdò 1952. Kilà kodu archaeology kpài pottery collections, kpài ènwu ènyò Nok terracotta oji kpài artefactsd kwefu òdò 500 BC ti 200 AD.[9]
Museumo ei oguchèkò efu Nigerian Architecture di adjacent, kpàlilè-eko àmè nwu ki biolàmà weweo ei àmi unyi, kumà kwòmè Kano ti òmè àbo Tiv village. àmè nwu ki kwugbo àmenefu ègbà lè chà mènwu òko ànè kpài tin mining màdu nyà oji.[10]
mà bi Jos Zoo efu òdò 1957 tàki là nàme nwu òrè ènyò , èwè kpài àmi ejo.[12]
Assop Falls ilà chi, ènwu keju mà efu Nigeria's àmi omi wewe kì doji uwo. Là dì ibà Jos Plateau, about
Kurra Falls ki chi ugbo tourist ku ujiji ulènwu chi 77 km southeast of Jos, kpài I di state's eì ejododu hydroelectric power station.[13]
Wase Rock ichì okololo inselberg ki gbàgkwefu ànè ki ògbà nwu ti 450 meters.[14] It is located about 216 km southeast of Jos, ilà chè mèru efu ewo jos. Onwu kàtete làchi old ojoji okutà efu Africa white pelican . todu lè, gòminà chànè edide ugbo kidè àkwàrà okutà lè àbàlu ki èwè sanctuary kpài
efu nyògbà ilèKerang HighlandsKerang highlands ki là jiji 88 km ki kwi Jos. àmi volcanic hills là chètè natural mountain springs, which are use for bottled spring water.[15]
The Shere Hills include some of the plateau's highest peaks. They are a range of hills to the east of Jos which have views of the city below, and attract mountain climbers and hill walkers.[16]
Riyom Rock is a rock formation 25 km southwest of Jos, near Riyom town.[17]
Pandam Game Reserve is a largely-unspoiled wildlife sanctuary with hippopotami, crocodiles, and several snake species. Park rangers track game on foot and guide the visitors.[18]
Kahwang Rock Formation of basalt rocks, is located in Bangai village in the Bachi district of Riyom.[19]
Plateau state has been adjusted to its present borders many times. Colonial manipulation was from a desire to protect the railway construction and guarantee safe passage of mined tin to the coast. There was also an attempt initially to create a province of largely non-Muslims under one Resident. Later alterations came from strong local desires for self-government.
The British began to exert colonial control of Nigeria in the early 20th century. At that time, much of Plateau State was part of Bauchi Province. In 1926, Plateau Province, made up of Jos and Pankshin Divisions, was carved out of Bauchi.[21] The border changed several times in subsequent years as the government sought not to split ethnic groups. In May 1967, Benue and Plateau Provinces were merged to form the large Benue-Plateau State. At this time Nigeria had twelve states.[6]
Following the civil war, Benue-Plateau State was one of several large states which were further split up following pressure on the federal government. Under the military administration of General Yakubu Gowon, the country was further divided into nineteen states in 1976 and Plateau State was created from Benue-Plateau covering the area of the original Plateau Province. In 1996, Plateau State was further subdivided to create Nasarawa State which was carved out of the western half of Plateau State by Sani Abacha's military regime.
Tin mining activities began in 1902 under the British and continue to the present day.
Government
The Plateau State administrative structure consists of the state cabinet, the House of Assembly and local government areas.[22]
The state government is run by the governor (chief executive), deputy governor, secretary to the state government, commissioners (cabinet members), special advisers, permanent secretaries, board chairmen and general managers. The current governor is Caleb Manasseh Mutfwang.[23] He was sworn in on 29 May 2023 under the party PDP.[24]
The House of Assembly consists of 25 members and 11 special advisers.[25] The current Speaker of the house is Rt. Hon. Moses Sule who was elected on 13 June 2023 by the members of the 10th assembly.[26]
The local government is headed by a chairman, who is the chief executive, while his cabinet consists of elected councilors who make up the legislative arm.[27]
Plateau State is also divided into 17 local government areas, each encompassing ethnic groups who share common affinities or distant bloodlines.[28] Leaders of these local government areas are elected by the people from amongst several contestants who may not be related to any past chiefdom leaders.[29]
In 1976, Plateau State consisted of fourteen local government areas (LGAs). New LGAs were carved out of the large ones in 1989, 1991 and 1996, so that the new Plateau State is subdivided into the following seventeen LGAs:[30]
Male figure, Montol People, Nigeria, early 20th century CE. These figures were used by men's societies in healing rituals. It is currently kept in the National Museum Of Scotland, Edinburgh
The state has over forty ethno-linguistic groups. Some of the indigenous ethnic groups in the state are:
These ethnic groups are predominantly farmers and have similar cultural and traditional ways of life. People from other parts of country have come to settle in the state; these include the Idoma, Igbo, Yoruba, Ibibio, Annang, Efik, Ijaw, and Bini.
Each ethnic group has its own distinct language, but as with the rest of the country, English is the official language in the state; Hausa is also a common medium of communication and commerce as is the case in most parts of the North and Middle Belt of Nigeria.[31]
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There have been several major attacks in Plateau State, mostly in Jos, including riots and bombings by jihadistBoko Haraminsurgents. Plateau State has been a venue of clashes between the minority Muslim Hausa-Fulani herders and predominantly Christian farmers like the other states of Middle Belt area of Nigeria.[32] There have been cases of attacks away from the state capital, most recently, one which drew international attention as the site of multiple attacks attributed to Fulani herdsmen.[33][34][35] These included a series of attacks carried out on Christian communities in Plateau State from June 2018 onward which were estimated to have taken the lives of at least 200 people and left many others homeless.[36][37][38][39] In 2022, a bandit gang attacked several villages.
A236 highway (Nigeria) northwest from Jos as the Kakwonka-Tudun Wada Rd via Mista Ali and Jere to Kaduna State at Jengre as the Pambeguwa-Jengre Rd.
Other major roads
south from A3 at Mararaba Jama’a via Ban, Heipang, and Kassa Hausawa, to Barakin Gangare.
the Baarakin Ladi-Pankshin Rd east from Barakin Gangare via Doorowa, Soko Ca Futa, Mongu, Mangu, Duwop, and Vodni to Angwan Sarki.
the Jos Rd continues southeast from Angwan Sarki via Duk, Gwolong, Kabwir, Amper and Rek to Langtang
the Langtang-Zamko-Yelwa Rd south from Langtang via Zamerum and Zamko to Inshar.
south from Inshar via Ajikemai, Yamini and Mato to Taraba State at Ikputu.
the Amper-Bachumbi Rd west from Taraba State at Zurak via Zok, and Gaji to Bashar
the Langtang-Wase-Bashar Rd south via Angwan Nasarawa and Yola to Wase,
the Mavo Wase Rd east from Wase via Mavo Wase to Gwiwan Kpgi,
the Lafia-Shandam Rd west from Inshar via Lonvel, Shendam, Pershiep, Shepwan, Der, Kurgwi, Kwande, Layi, Taram and Namu to Nasarawa State at Ungwan Mai,
Blench, R. M., Daniel, P. & Hassan, Umaru (2003): Access rights and conflict over common pool resources in three states in Nigeria. Report to Conflict Resolution Unit, World Bank (extracted section on Jos Plateau)
