Wq/ha/Jorge Luis Borges

An ba mu duka

abubuwa don manufa,kuma mai zane dole ne ya [ji]] wannan sosai. Duk abin da ya faru da mu, ciki har da kaskanci, bala'o'inmu, abin kunya, duk an ba mu ne a matsayin ɗanyen abu, kamar yumbu,fomin mu siffanta art].

Jorge Luis Borges' (24 Agusta 1899 - 14 Yuni 1986) Argentina marubuci wanda ake ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawallafin adabi na ƙarni na 20. Ya shahara a duniyar turanci saboda gajerun labaransa da kasidu na tatsuniyoyi, Borges ma mawaki ne, mai suka, mai fassara da kuma mawallafi.

Zantuka

A cikin waɗannan zaɓen an jera abubuwan da aka kawo daga labari ko makala a cikin tarin farko waɗanda aka san suna ɗauke da shi.

yatsa|[ba komai ya bambanta kadan; Abu ne maras muhimmanci kuma dama ya kamata ku zama masu karanta waɗannan darasi da ni marubucin su.]] [[File:C solarcorona2003.gif | babban yatsan |Lokaci ba zai iya kasancewa aunawa a kwanaki yadda kudi ake auna su da pesos da centavos, saboda duk pesos daidai suke. , yayin da kowace rana, watakila kowace sa'a, ta bambanta.] [[File:Rae, Henrietta - Shakka - 1886.jpg|thumb|Shakka na ɗaya daga cikin sunaye na hankali]

Kasancewa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya hanya ce ta zama mai shakka] * Idan shafukan wannan littafin ya kunshi wasu nassosi masu nasara, dole ne mai karatu ya ba ni hakuri na fara kwacewa. Mu [babu komai

ya bambanta kaɗan; yanayi ne maras muhimmanci kuma dama ya kamata ku zama masu karanta waɗannan darasi kuma ni marubucin su.

• • "Zuwa ga Mai karatu", gabatarwa ga Fervor na Buenos Aires (1923)
• Wasu kwanaki da suka gabata na sami tabbaci mai ban sha'awa na gaskiyar cewa ainihin abin da yake na asali yana iya kuma sau da yawa yana rarraba da launi na gida; Na sami wannan tabbaci a cikin Gibbon's Rugujewa da Faɗuwar Daular Romawa.

' Gibbon ya lura cewa a cikin littafin Larabawa par excellence, a cikin Alkur'ani, babu rakuma; Na yi imani da a ce akwai shakku kan ingancin Kur'ani, wannan rashin raƙuma zai isa ya tabbatar da cewa aikin Larabawa ne. [[Muhammad|Mohammed] ne ya rubuta shi, kuma Mohammed, a matsayinsa na Balarabe, bai da wani dalili da zai sa ya san cewa rakumai musamman Larabawa ne; a gare shi suna daga cikin haqiqanin gaskiya, ba shi da wani dalili da zai jaddada su; a daya bangaren kuma, farkon abin da mai karya, dan yawon bude ido, dan kishin kasa Balarabe zai yi shi ne, ya samu tarin rakuma, ayarin rakumi, a kowane shafi; amma Mohammed, a matsayin Balarabe, bai damu ba: ya san zai iya zama Balarabe ba tare da raƙuma ba. Ina tsammanin mu 'yan Argentina za mu iya yin koyi da Mohammed, za mu iya yin imani da yiwuwar zama Argentine ba tare da yalwar launi na gida ba.

• • "Marubuci da Al'adar Argentine", "Fervor na Buenos Aires" (1923)
• Wilde ba babban mawaƙi ne ba kuma ba cikakken marubuci ba ne. Shi ɗan ƙasar Ireland ne mai hazaka wanda ya ƙunshi ƙa'idodin ƙayatarwa wanda wasu a gabansa suka warwatsa cikin sararin shafuka masu tsawo. Ya kasance mummuna mai ban tsoro .
  • "Waka ta Oscar Wilde" (1925) Maƙala akan Wilde da Ballad of Reading Gaol .
• Cewa mutum ɗaya ya farka a cikin wani tunanin da ke cikin kashi na uku shine fasinja a fili.
  • Evariristo Carriego (1930) Ch. 2

• Yana da kyau a tuna cewa kowane marubuci yana farawa da ra'ayi na zahiri na mene ne fasaha. Littafi a gare shi ko ita ba magana ba ce ko jerin maganganu, amma a zahiri juzu'i ne, prism mai ɓangarorin rectangular shida da aka yi da siraran takardu na takarda wanda ya kamata ya haɗa da murfin, murfin ciki, aljafi a cikin rubutun, gabatarwa. , sassa tara ko goma masu wasu ayoyi a farkon, tebur na abun ciki, tsohon ɗakin karatu tare da hourglass da jumlar Latin, taƙaitaccen jerin errata, wasu shafuka mara kyau, colophon da sanarwar bugawa: abubuwan da aka sani sun zama fasahar rubutu.
  • Evariristo Carriego (1930) Ch. 3

Sama ya wanzu, koda kuwa wurina Jahannama ne).

• Karanta… aiki ne da ke bayan rubuce-rubuce: ƙarin murabus, ƙarin farar hula, ƙarin hankali.
  • Tarihin Duniya na Rashin Fa'ida [Historia universal de la infamia] (1935) Gabatarwa

• Fadin rashin sanin haqqinsa zai zama hujja mai gamsarwa cewa wannan ba zamba ba ne.
  • "Mai Hauhawa Tom Castro", a cikin Tarihin Laifi na Duniya (1935); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Mir Bahadur Ali, kamar yadda muka gani, ba zai iya gujewa mafi munin jarabawar fasaha ba: na zama haziki.
• "Tsarin Al-Mu'tasim" (1935).

• '' Zunuban da ba za a gafarta maka ba ba su bari ka ga ƙawana.
  • "Hakimin Merv mai rufe fuska" [El tintorero enmascarado Hakim de Merv] Tarihin Duniya na Rashin Fa'ida (1935); kuma an fassara shi da "Hakim, Masked Dyer na Merv" (bitar "Hakim, Masked Dyer na Merv")

• Duniyar da muke ciki kuskure ce, rashin iyawa. Madubai da uba abin kyama ne saboda suna yawaita kuma suna tabbatar da shi.
  • "Hakim, Mai Masked Dyer na Merv", a cikin Tarihin Zalunci na Duniya (1935); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998). Cf. "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" (1940)
• Komai zai kasance a cikin juzu'i na makafi. Komai: cikakken tarihin nan gaba, Aeschylus Masarawa , ainihin adadin lokutan da ruwan Ganges ya nuna jirgin falcon, sirrin da yanayin gaskiya na Rome, kundin sani Novalis zai kasance. gina, mafarkina da rabin-mafarki a wayewar gari ranar 14 ga Agusta, 1934, hujjar ka'idar Pierre Fermat, babi na Edwin Drood da ba a rubuta ba.

waɗancan surori iri ɗaya da aka fassara zuwa harshen da Garamantes ke magana, paradoxes Berkeley ya ƙirƙira game da Lokaci amma bai buga ba, littattafan ƙarfe na Urizen, abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba na Stephen Dedalus, waɗanda ba su da ma'ana kafin zagayowar shekaru dubu, Gnostic Bisharar Basilides, waƙar da sirens suka rera, cikakken kasida na Laburare, tabbacin rashin kuskuren wannan kasida. Komai: amma ga kowane layi mai ma'ana ko ingantaccen gaskiyar za a sami miliyoyin cacophonies marasa ma'ana, farragoes, da babblings. Komai: amma duk tsararraki na ɗan adam za su iya wucewa a gaban ɗakunan ajiya masu ban tsoro - shafuna waɗanda ke shafe ranar da hargitsi - suna taɓa saka musu da shafi mai jurewa.

• • "Duniyan laburari" (1939)

• Duniyar duniya (waɗanda wasu ke kira Laburare) ta ƙunshi ɗakuna marasa iyaka kuma ƙila ba su da iyaka, masu manyan raƙuman iska a tsakani, kewaye da ƙananan dogo.
  • " Laburare na Babel" ["La Biblioteca de Babel"] (1941), tr. James E. Irby; Layukan farko
• Daga waɗannan wurare guda biyu da ba za a iya jayayya ba, ya gano cewa ɗakin karatu duka duka ne kuma ɗakunansa suna yin rajistar duk abubuwan da za su iya haɗawa da alamomin rubutu ashirin da ashirin (lambar wacce, ko da yake tana da girman gaske, ba ta da iyaka).

Komai: cikakken cikakken tarihin nan gaba, tarihin rayuwar mala'iku, kasidu masu aminci na Laburare, dubbai da dubunnan kasidu na karya, nunin rugujewar waɗancan kasidar, nunin ɓarna na kasidar gaskiya, Gnostic. bisharar Basilides, sharhin waccan bishara, sharhin sharhin wannan bishara, labarin mutuwarka na gaskiya, fassarar kowane littafi a cikin kowane harsuna, interpolations na kowane littafi a cikin dukan littattafai.

• • "Laburare na Babel" ["La Biblioteca de Babel"] (1941), tr. James E. Irby

• Babu wani haɗin haruffan da mutum zai iya yi - dhcmrlchtdj, alal misali - wanda Laburaren Allah bai hango ba kuma a cikin ɗaya ko fiye da harsunansa na sirri ba ya ɓoye wani mugun nufi. Babu wani harafi da zai iya yin magana da bai cika da tausayi da firgici ba, wato ba a cikin daya daga cikin wadannan harsunan ba, sunan Allah mai girma.
  • "Laburare na Babel" ["La Biblioteca de Babel"] (1941)

[[File:BookOfLove.jpg|thumb|Bari sama ya wanzu, ko da yake nawa wuri yana cikin jahannama. Bari a azabtar da ni da duka da kuma halakar da ni, amma bari a sami lokaci ɗaya, halitta ɗaya, wanda babban ɗakin karatu naku zai sami hujja.]

• Na san wani yanki mai ban mamaki wanda malaman ɗakin karatu suka ƙi "ɗabi'ar banza da camfi" na ƙoƙarin samun ma'ana a cikin littattafai, suna daidaita irin wannan nema da ƙoƙarin neman ma'ana a cikin mafarki ko a cikin rudani a cikin tafin hannun mutum.
  • "Laburare na Babel" (1941); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Sai aljanna ta wanzu, ko da wurina jahannama ne.
  • 'Bari Sama ya wanzu, ko da wurina [[Jahannama] ne].
    • "Laburare na Babel" (1941)
  • Bambance-bambance:
  • Ba zan iya tunanin da wuya a sami irin wannan jimillar littafin akan wasu shiryayye a sararin samaniya ba. Ina addu'a ga gumakan da ba a san su ba cewa wani mutum - har ma da mutum ɗaya, shekaru goma da suka wuce - ya karanta kuma ya karanta wannan littafin. Idan har girma da hikima da farin ciki irin wannan karatun ba su zama nawa ba, to a bar su na wasu. Bari sama ta wanzu, ko da yake nawa na iya zama a cikin jahannama. Bari a azabtar da ni da duka da kuma halakar da ni, amma bari a sami lokaci guda, halitta ɗaya, wanda babban ɗakin ɗakin karatu naku zai iya samun barata.'
  • Sai Aljannah ta wanzu, ko da wurin mu Jahannama ne.
    • "Deutsches Requiem". (Bugu na Emece, 1974)

na zane-zane ya sami irin wannan cikakke cewa [taswirar] na Lardi ɗaya ya mamaye gabaɗayan Birni, da taswirar Daular, gabaɗayan. na Lardi. A lokaci guda, waɗannan Taswirorin da ba su da hankali sun daina gamsuwa, kuma Guilds na Cartographers sun bugi Taswirar Daular wacce girmanta ya kai na Daular, wanda kuma ya zo daidai da batun. Ƙungiyoyin masu zuwa, waɗanda ba su da sha'awar [Nazarin] na Tarihi kamar yadda magabatansu suka kasance, sun ga cewa taswirar ta kasance marar amfani, kuma ba tare da wani Tausayi ba, har sun ba da shi ga Ƙimar Rana. da Winters. A cikin Hamadar Yamma, har yau, akwai Rugujewar Taswirar, Dabbobi da Maroka ke zaune; a cikin dukan ƙasar babu wani Relic na Tsarin na Geography.

• • On Exactitude in Science, kamar yadda Andrew Hurley ya fassara, a cikin Jorge Luis Borges, Tattaunawar Fictions (1999); da farko aka buga a Los Anales de Buenos Aires, año 1, no. 3 (Maris 1946)

• Babu wani abu mai ban mamaki game da zama marar mutuwa; tare da [banda] na mutane, dukan halitta ba su dawwama, domin ba su san kome ba game da mutuwa. Abin da yake allahntaka, mai ban tsoro, da rashin fahimta shine sanin kai marar mutuwa.
  • "Mai Mutuwa", § IV, a cikin The Aleph (1949); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)
  • Bambanci: Kasancewa marar mutuwa abu ne na kowa; in ban da mutum, dukkan halittu ba su dawwama, domin su jahilci ne ga mutuwa; abin da yake allahntaka, mummuna, rashin fahimta, shine sanin cewa mutum marar mutuwa ne.

• Babu cancantar ɗabi'a ko hankali. Homer ya hada Odyssey; idan muka sanya wani lokaci mara iyaka, tare da yanayi mara iyaka da canje-canje, abin da ba zai yiwu ba shine ba a tsara Odyssey ba, akalla sau ɗaya.
  • "Mai Mutuwa" (1949)

[[File:Collage_Auge_im_All_byLöser.jpg|thumb|Ni ne allah, ni jarumi ne, ni masanin falsafa ne, ni aljani ne kuma ni ne duniya, wadda hanya ce mai ban gajiyar cewa babu ni.]

• Babu kowa, mutum daya mara mutuwa duka maza ne. Kamar Cornelius Agrippa, ni allah ne, ni jarumi ne, ni masanin falsafa ne, ni aljani ne kuma ni duniya ne, wanda hanya ce mai ban sha'awa ta cewa babu ni.'
  • "Mai Mutuwa" (1949)

[[Fayil:LabyrinthAtLEAF.JPG|Yatsan Yatsa|Kowace rai, ko da yaushe tsayi da rikitarwa, a zahiri ta ƙunshi lokaci ɗaya - lokacin da mutum ya san ko wanene shi.]

• Kowace rai, duk tsawon tsayi da rikitarwa, hakika ta ƙunshi lokaci ɗaya - lokacin da mutum ya fi sanin ko wanene shi.
  • "Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz", a cikin The Aleph (1949); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)
  • Bambanci: Kowacce rayuwa, ko ta yaya tsawonta da sarƙaƙƙiya take, ta ƙunshi lokaci guda - lokacin da mutum ya gano, sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya, ko wanene shi.

• Bayan haka, lokaci, wanda ke lalata manyan gidaje, yana wadatar da ayoyi. . . Lokaci yana faɗaɗa ayoyin ayoyi kuma na san wasu waɗanda, kamar kiɗa, sune komai na kowane mutum.
  • [[w:Binciken Averroes|"Binciken Averroës"] (1949)

[[File:Barye - Thésée Minotaure.png|yatsa|Minotaur fiye da tabbatar da wanzuwar labyrinth]

• Babu buƙatar gina labyrinth lokacin da dukan [duniya] ta kasance ɗaya."
  • "Ibn-Hakim Al-Bokhari, An Kashe shi a Labinsa", a cikin Alafa (1949); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

[[File: Visible Green Unicorn.svg | babban yatsan | Mun san cewa wani dabba mai maniyyi doki ne kuma wata dabba mai kaho [[bijimin] ce]. Ba mu sani yadda unicorn yayi kama.]]

• Minotaur fiye da tabbatar da wanzuwar labyrinth.
  • "Ibn-Hakim Al-Bokhari, An Kashe shi a Labinsa", a cikin Alafa (1949); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Shekarunsa da yawa sun rage kuma sun goge shi yadda ruwa ke sulke da goge dutse ko tsarar mutane suna goge karin magana.
  • "Mutumin Kan Ƙofa", a cikin The Aleph (1949); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998). Cf. "Kudu" a cikin "Ficciones" (1944)

• Zan ayyana baroque a matsayin salon da gangan ya ƙare (ko yayi ƙoƙari ya ƙyale) damar kansa, kuma yana iyaka akan ɗaukar kansa. Baroque shine mataki na ƙarshe a duk fasaha. , lokacin da fasaha ta yi hasashe da almubazzaranci da dukiyarta.
  • Tarihin Laifi na Duniya, gabatarwa ga bugu na 1954; tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• A ko'ina an yi imani da cewa [unicorn] abu ne na allahntaka kuma mai albarka; don haka in ji odes, annals, tarihin masu cancanta, da sauran matani waɗanda hukuma ba su da tushe. Hatta matan ƙauye da yara sun san cewa unicorn alama ce ta sa'a. Amma wannan dabba ba ta cikin dabbobin barnyard, ba koyaushe yana da sauƙi a gamu da shi ba, ba ya ba da kansa ga rarrabuwar dabbobi. Kuma ba kamar doki ko biji ba, wolf ko barewa. A irin wannan yanayi muna iya fuskantar fuska da unicorn kuma ba mu san tabbas cewa muna ba. Mun san cewa dabbar da ke da makiya doki ce, dabba mai kaho kuma bijimi ne. Ba mu san yadda unicorn yayi kama ba.
  • Littafin Halittu (1957), kamar yadda Norman Thomas di Giovanni ya fassara

• Mutuwar addini ya fi sauki fiye da raya shi kwata-kwata.
  • "Deutsches Requiem" kamar yadda Julian Palley ya fassara (1958)

• Villari bai kula da su ba domin ra'ayin daidaituwa tsakanin fasaha da gaskiya baƙo ne a gare shi. Ba kamar mutanen da suke karanta litattafai ba, bai taba ganin kansa a matsayin wani hali a cikin aikin fasaha ba.
  • "Waiting" James E. Irby ya fassara (1959)

Shin kuna son ganin abin da idanun mutane basu taɓa gani ba? Dubi wata...

• Shekarun kadaici ya koya masa cewa, a cikin tunanin mutum, duk ranaku sun kasance iri ɗaya ne, amma babu rana, ko da a kurkuku ko a asibiti, wanda ba ya kawo abin mamaki, wanda ba hanyar sadarwa ba ce. na kadan abubuwan mamaki.
  • "Waiting" James E. Irby ya fassara (1959)

• Kowane labari jirgin sama ne mai manufa wanda aka saka shi cikin fagen gaskiya.
  • "Sihirin Sashe a cikin Quixote", "Labyrinths" (1964)

• Bidi'o'in da ya kamata mu ji tsoro su ne wadanda za su iya rikicewa da Orthodox.
  • Masu Tauhidi, wanda James E. Irby ya fassara (1964)

• Kamar dukan waɗanda suke da ɗakin karatu, Aurelian ya san cewa yana da laifi don bai san nasa gaba ɗaya ba.
  • Masu Tauhidi, wanda James E. Irby ya fassara (1964)

• Shin kuna so ku ga abin da idanun ɗan adam bai taɓa gani ba? Dubi wata. Kuna so ku ji abin da kunnuwa ba su taɓa ji ba? Ji kukan tsuntsu. Kuna so ku taɓa abin da hannaye ba su taɓa taɓawa ba? Taɓa ƙasa. Hakika ina cewa Allah yana gab da halicci duniya."
  • Masu Tauhidi, wanda James E. Irby ya fassara (1964)

Waƙar takan tuna cewa fasahar baka ce kafin ta zama rubutacciyar fasaha. Ya tuna cewa ita ce waƙa ta farko.

• An lalata gonar, an ƙazantar da kasoshi da bagadai, 'yan Hun sun shiga ɗakin karatu a kan dawakai, suka yayyage littattafan da ba su fahimta ba, suka zage su kuma suka ƙone su, watakila suna tsoron cewa wasiƙun za su rufe zagi ga allahnsu, wanda ya kasance yana yin saɓo. a iron scimitar.
  • Sun lalata gonar, suka lalatar da kasoshi da bagadai, da dawakai ne Huns suka kutsa cikin ɗakin karatu na sufaye, suka yayyaga littattafan da ba a fahimta ba, suka cinye su, suka ƙone su, suna tsoron alamunsu da halayensu na iya ɓoye zagin Ubangijinsu. , wanda ya kasance scimitar ƙarfe...
  • Masu Tauhidi ['Los Teólogos]

• Rubutu ba komai bane illa mafarkin shiriya.
  • Gabatarwa ga Dr. Rahoton Brodie ('El informe de Brodie) (1970)

• He sospechado alguna vez que la única cosa sin misterio es la felicidad, porque se justifica por sí sola.
  • A wani lokaci na yi zargin cewa abin da ba shi da wani asiri shi ne farin ciki, domin shi ne hujjar kansa.
  • "Ba a cancanta ba", a cikin Rahoton Brodie (1970); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)
  • Bambanci: Na yi tunani lokaci zuwa lokaci cewa abin da ba shi da asiri shine farin ciki, tun da yake baratar da kansa.

• Shekaruna sun koya mini murabus na zama Borges.
  • Dr. Rahoton Brodie ('El informe de Brodie) (1970)

• Ba za a iya auna lokaci a cikin kwanaki kamar yadda ake auna kudi a pesos da centavos, saboda duk pesos daidai suke, yayin da kowace rana, watakila kowace sa'a, ta bambanta.
  • "Juan Muraña", a cikin Rahoton Brodie (1970); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Talauci na jiya ba shi da talauci fiye da talaucin da muka saya tare da masana'antarmu a yau. 'Fortunanes sun kasance karami kuma.
  • "Matar Dattijai", a cikin Rahoton Brodie (1970); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Dukanmu muna tunanin cewa kaddara ta yi mana mummunar illa a rayuwa, kuma dole ne wasu su yi kyau. [...] Ina ɗauka cewa a cikin sama na Mai albarka akwai waɗanda suka yi imani cewa fa'idodin wannan yanki sun wuce gona da iri da masana tauhidi, waɗanda ba su taɓa zuwa wurin da kansu ba.
  • "The Duel", a cikin Rahoton Brodie (1970); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Idan mutum ya yi furuci da wani aiki, sai ya daina zama dan wasan kwaikwayo a cikinsa, ya zama shaida, ya zama mutum ya kiyaye shi kuma ya ba da labarinsa, ba kuma mutumin da ya aikata ba.
  • "Guayaquil", a cikin Rahoton Brodie (1970); tr. Andrew Hurley, Tarin Almajirai (1998)

• Kasancewarka da rashin kasancewa tare da kai shine kadai hanyar da zan iya auna lokaci.
  • "Masu Barazana", "Littafin Yashi" ["El Libro de arena"] (1975)

• Wannan lamari ya faru ne a watan Fabrairun 1969, a arewacin Boston, a Cambridge. Ban rubuta shi nan da nan ba domin burina na farko shi ne in manta da shi, don kada in rasa raina."
  • Lamarin ya faru ne a watan Fabrairun 1969, a arewacin Boston, a Cambridge. Nan da nan ban rubuta shi ba domin niyyata ta farko ita ce in manta da shi, don kada in rasa raina.
  • "Sauran", "Littafin Sand" (1975)

• Zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya hanya ce ta shakku.
  • Zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya hanya ce ta shakku.
    • Hira a cikin Revista Extra (Yuli 1976)

Gaskiya ita ce waka ba littattafan da ke cikin ɗakin karatu ba ne… Waƙa ita ce haduwar mai karatu da littafin, gano littafin.] * Hakika kyakkyawan waka dole ne a karanta a bayyane. Kyakkyawan waka ba ta yarda a karanta shi da murya kasa-kasa ko a shiru. Idan za mu iya karanta shi shiru, ba waka ce ingantacciya ba: waka ta bukaci a furta. Waka takan tuna cewa fasaha ce ta baka kafin ta zama rubutacciyar fasaha. Ya tuna cewa waƙar farko ce.' ** "The Divine Comedy" (1977) * Fina-finan ma baƙon abu ne, domin abin da muke gani ba ɓarawo ba ne, hotunan mutane ne, amma duk da haka mun yarda da su yayin da ake nuna fim ɗin. ** Kwatanta fim da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin "The Divine Comedy" (1977) * Gaskiya ita ce waka ba littattafan da ke cikin dakin karatu ba . . . Waka ita ce haduwar mai karatu da littafi, gano littafin. ** "Shari'a" (1977) Abun Falkland ya kasance fada ne tsakanin wasu masu sanko guda biyu kan tsefe. * Wani abu ne mai kyau a bayyane, kai tsaye, wanda ba a iya bayyana shi kamar soyayya, ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace, na ruwa. a bay. Idan muka ji shi nan da nan, me ya sa muke tsoma shi da wasu kalmomi, waɗanda babu shakka za su yi rauni fiye da yadda muke ji? ** "Waƙa" (na biyar na Borges' taro bakwai na 1977 a Teatro Coliseo, a cikin Buenos Aires, daga baya gyara kuma aka buga a 1980 kamar yadda littafi, Siete noches/Dare Bakwai) (blog game da Jorge Luis Borges (a cikin Mutanen Espanya) * Akwai mutanen da da kyar suke jin waƙar, kuma gabaɗaya sun himmatu wajen koyar da su. ** "Shari'a" (1977) * Shakka na daya daga cikin sunayen hankali. ** Shakka na daya daga cikin sunayen hankali. *** Kamar yadda aka nakalto a cikin Kamus na Sirri na Jorge Luis Borges (1979) Blas Matamoro ya gyara * Kamar yadda nake tunanin tatsuniyoyi masu yawa, akwai wanda yake da cutarwa sosai, kuma wannan ita ce tatsuniyar ƙasashe. kuma ba dan Uruguay ba. Ban sani ba da gaske. Duk waɗannan tatsuniyoyi da muke dora wa kanmu - kuma suna yin ƙiyayya, don yaƙi, ga ƙiyayya - suna da illa sosai. To, ina tsammanin nan gaba kadan, gwamnatoci da kasashe za su mutu kuma za mu kasance masu adalci, da kyau, 'yan duniya. ** "Tattaunawa Tare da Jorge Luis Borges", "Artful Dodge" (Afrilu 1980) * Ban tabbata ina wanzuwa ba, a zahiri. Ni ne duk marubutan da na karanta, duk mutanen da na hadu da su, duk matan da nake so. Dukan garuruwan da na ziyarta, dukan kakannina... ** Ban tabbata cewa ina nan ba, a zahiri. Ni ne duk marubutan da na karanta, duk mutanen da na hadu da su, duk matan da nake so; Dukan garuruwan da na ziyarta, Dukan kakannina. ** Source: El Pais, 1981; fassarar: The Guardian, 2008 * Na aikata mafi girman zunubin da mutum zai iya aikatawa. Kuma na yi farin ciki. ** Na aikata mafi munin zunubi da za a iya aikatawa. Ban yi farin ciki ba. *** "El Remordimiento" [Nadama] a cikin La moneda de hierro [The Iron Coin], kamar yadda aka nakalto a cikin Borges a Tamanin: Tattaunawa (1982) edita ta Willis Barnstone, kuma a cikin Littattafan Hispanic Criticism: Allende zuwa Jiménez (1994), shafi. 298 * Mutumin da ya sami kundin sani ba ya samun kowane layi, kowane sakin layi, kowane shafi, da kowane kwatanci; yana samun yiwuwar sanin ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan. ** Ƙwaƙwalwar Shakespeare, (1983); kamar yadda Andrew Hurley ya fassara a cikin Tarin Fictions (1998) * Abin da ya faru a Falkland shi ne fada tsakanin wasu masu sanko guda biyu kan tsefe. ** A Yaƙin Falklands, kamar yadda aka nakalto a cikin mujallar Lokaci (14 ga Fabrairu 1983) * Marubuci - kuma, na yi imani, gabaɗaya duk mutane - dole ne suyi tunanin cewa duk abin da ya faru da shi ko ita albarka ce. An ba mu dukkan abubuwa don manufa, kuma dole ne mai zane ya ji wannan sosai. Duk abin da ya faru da mu, ciki har da kaskanci, bala'o'inmu, [abin kunya

, duk an ba mu a matsayin ɗanyen abu, kamar yumbu, domin mu tsara fasaharmu."

• • Tattaunawa Ashirin da Hudu tare da Borges, gami da Zaɓin Waƙoƙi: Tattaunawar Roberto Alifano, 1981-1983 (1984)

sihiri daya nace
Kuma ya siffata Allah tare da lallausan lissafi.] * Rayuwar kanta zance ce. ** An nakalto a cikin Tunawa masu sanyi (1987) na Jean Baudrillard, (trans. 1990) Ch. 5; Baudrillard ya ji a wata lacca da aka yi a birnin Paris. * ¿De qué otra forma se puede amenazar que no sea de muerte? Lo interesante, lo original, sería que alguien lo amenace a uno con la inmortalidad. ** Ta yaya kuma mutum zai yi barazanar, banda mutuwa? Abin sha'awa, abu na asali, zai zama barazana ga wani da rashin mutuwa. *** Borges, Biografia Verbal (1988) na Roberto Alifano, p. 23 * Lokaci yana ɗauke da shi yayin da kogi ke ɗauke da
Wani ganye a cikin ruwa na ƙasa.
Babu komai. sihiri daya nace
Kuma ya siffanta Allah da alkaluman lissafi.
Tun da ciwonsa, tun haihuwarsa,
Ya ci gaba da gina Allah da kalmar.
An ba shi mafi girman soyayyar da ba ya tsammanin za a so.' ** "[Baruch Spinoza

", kamar yadda aka fassara a cikin Spinoza da sauran 'yan bidi'a: Marrano na Dalili (1989) na Yirmiyahu Yovel

Gaskiya ba koyaushe take yuwuwa ba, ko wataƙila.

• Gaskiya ba koyaushe take yiwuwa ba, ko kuma mai yiyuwa.' Amma idan kuna rubuta labari, dole ne ku sanya shi a fili yadda za ku iya, domin idan ba haka ba, tunanin mai karatu zai yi watsi da shi.
  • Tattaunawa da aka buga a cikin Columbia Forum kuma daga baya aka nakalto a cikin Dokokin Rayuwa na Duniya: 200 Ka'idodin Ruhaniya Madawwami (1998) na [John Templeton]]

• A cikin kuruciyata na gwada mescaline da hodar iblis amma na koma cikin sauri zuwa ruhun nana wanda na sami karin kuzari. Idan kwayoyi suna yin tasiri iri ɗaya da barasa, ba na sha'awar su. Babu shakka bugu abin dariya ne. Na sha bugu a wasu lokuta kuma na tuna da shi a matsayin wani abu mara kyau ga wasu da ni.

• • Na gwada mescaline da hodar iblis a lokacin ƙuruciyata, amma nan da nan na canza zuwa alewa na mint, wanda ya fi ƙarfafawa. Ba ni da sha'awar kwayoyi idan sun haifar da illa iri ɗaya da barasa. Babu shakka mashayi abin dariya ne. Na sha sha wasu lokuta, kuma ina tuna su a matsayin mugayen abubuwan da suka faru gare ni da kowa.
    • Kamar yadda aka nakalto a Borges, El palabrista (1999) na Estebán Peicovich, shafi. 53

• Zan dakata don yin la'akari da wanzuwar wannan dawwamar da waɗanda suka biyo baya suka samu.
  • "Tarihin Dawwama" a cikin Zaɓaɓɓen Waɗanda Ba Fictions ba Vol. 1, (1999), edita ta Eliot Weinberger

• Na juya ga mafi kyawun misali: tsuntsu. Al'adar tururuwa; karami; kamancen halaye; dadaddiyar alakarsu da magriba biyu, farkon kwanaki, da karshenta; gaskiyar sau da yawa ana ji fiye da yadda ake gani - duk wannan yana motsa mu mu yarda da fifikon nau'in nau'in da kusan cikakkiyar rashin zaman lafiya na mutane. Keats, wanda baƙon kuskure ne, zai iya gaskata cewa ɗan dare da yake yi masa sihirin Ruth ɗaya ne da aka ji a cikin baƙon hatsi na Bai’talami ta Yahuda; Stevenson ya sanya tsuntsu guda ɗaya da ke cinye ƙarni: "Daren dare mai cinye lokaci." Schopenhauer - mai sha'awar, lucid Schopenhauer - yana ba da dalili: tsantsar jikin jiki wanda dabbobi ke rayuwa, ba tare da mutuwa da ƙwaƙwalwa ba. Sai ya kara da cewa, ba tare da murmushi ba: Duk wanda ya ji na yi ikirarin cewa katsi mai launin toka da ke wasa a tsakar gida, shi ne wanda ya yi tsalle-tsalle da dabaru a can shekaru dari biyar da suka wuce, zai yi tunanin duk abin da yake so a gare ni, amma shi ne. wani bakon nau'i ne na hauka don tunanin cewa cat na yanzu ya bambanta gaba daya."
  • "Tarihin Dawwama" a cikin Zaɓaɓɓen Waɗanda Ba Fictions ba Vol. 1, (1999), edita ta Eliot Weinberger

• Jahannama da aljanna ba su daidaita a gare ni. Ayyukan maza ba su cancanci haka ba.
  • 'Aljanna da jahannama kamar ba su kai ni ba: ayyukan maza ba su cancanci haka ba.
  • Kamar yadda aka nakalto a Borges Verbal (1999) Pilar Bravo da Mario Paoletti suka shirya, p. 156

• Shugabanci shine uwar kwatance.
  • an nakalto a cikin Quotes on Intellectual Freedom and Censorship, IFLA.

Tattaunawa (1932)

Tattaunawa (1932)

[[Fayil:Whistler-Nocturne in black and gold.jpg|thumb|Daga wannan daidai aiwatar da ka'idar dalili ya biyo baya cewa ƙaramin abin da ya faru yana ɗaukan sararin samaniya da ba za a iya tunani ba, kuma, akasin haka, duniya tana buƙatar ko da ƙaramar al'amura.] ]

• Rayuwa da mutuwa sun yi karanci a rayuwata.
  • Gabatarwa

• 'Tsarin fahimta yana da jurewa kuma ya bambanta a cikin adabi, saboda koyaushe muna bin sa a rayuwa.
  • "The Postulation of Reality" ["La postulación de la realidad"] (1931)

Mu (allahntakar da ke aiki a cikinmu) mun yi mafarkin duniya...

• A wasu lokuta ana danganta aikin wasiƙu da burin gina cikakken littafi, littafin littattafai wanda ya haɗa da sauran kamar wani nau'i na Platonic archetype, abu wanda kyawawan halayensa ba su raguwa da wucewar lokaci.
  • "Lura akan Walt Whitman" ["Nota sobre Walt Whitman"]

• Art koyaushe yana zaɓar mutum, kankare; art ba Platonic ba.
  • "Gauchesque Poetry" ["La poesía gauchesca"]

• An san cewa Whistler lokacin da aka tambaye shi tsawon lokacin da ya dauka yana fentin daya daga cikin "raren dare" ya amsa: "Dukkan rayuwata." Da irin wannan ƙarfin hali zai iya cewa duk ƙarni da suka gabata lokacin da ya yi fenti ya zama dole. Daga waccan aikace-aikacen daidai na ka'idar dalili ya biyo bayan cewa ƙaramin abin da ya faru yana ƙaddamar da sararin samaniya wanda ba za a iya tunaninsa ba kuma, akasin haka, cewa duniya tana buƙatar ko da ƙaramar abubuwan da suka faru.
  • "Gauchesque Poetry"

• Mu (allahntakar da ke aiki a cikinmu) mun yi mafarkin duniya. Mun yi mafarkin yana da juriya, mai ban mamaki, bayyane, mai girma a sararin samaniya da tsayin daka a cikin lokaci, amma mun ƙyale kaɗan, da kuma madawwama, ƙuƙumman marasa hankali su zama wani ɓangare na gine-ginensa don sanin cewa karya ne."
  • "Avatars na Tortoise" ["Avatares de la tortuga"]

Yana da ban sha'awa a yi tunanin cewa haɗin kai na kalmomi (falsafa ba komai ba ne face wannan) na iya kama da sararin samaniya sosai...

• Hay un concepto que es el corruptor y el desatinador de los otros. No hablo del mal cuyo limitado imperio es la ética; hablo del infinito.
  • Akwai ra'ayi da ke lalata da kuma tayar da duk wasu. Ba na nufin Mugunta ba, wanda iyaka iyakarsa ita ce ta xa'a; Ina nufin mara iyaka.'
  • "Avatars na Tortoise"
    • Bambancin fassarar:
    • Wata ra'ayi tana lalata da ruɗar sauran. Ba ina maganar Mugunta ba ne wanda iyakarsa xa’a ce; Ina maganar marar iyaka.
    • Akwai ra'ayi wanda shine mai fasadi da ruguza wasu. Ba ina magana ne game da muguwar daular da iyakacinta ita ce ɗa’a ba; Ina magana ne game da rashin iyaka.
    • Akwai ra'ayi wanda shine mai lalata da rugujewar wasu. Ba na magana game da Mugunta ba, wanda iyakar daularsa ita ce ta ɗa'a; Ina maganar marar iyaka.

• Yana jujjuya duk ra'ayoyi zuwa abubuwa masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Karyata shi shine gurbata da rashin gaskiya.
  • Ina F. H. Bradley a cikin "Avatars of the Tortoise"

• Yana da ban sha'awa a yi tunanin cewa haɗakar kalmomi (falsafofi ba kome ba ne kawai) na iya kama da sararin samaniya sosai. aƙalla a hanya marar iyaka - baya kama da sararin sama da sauran.

• Matsala ta tsakiya na rubuce-rubucen labari shine sanadi.
  • "Labari Art and Magic" ["El arte narrativo y la magia"]

• Damar fasahar haɗin gwiwa ba ta da iyaka, amma suna da ban tsoro. Girkawa sun haifar da chimera, dodo mai kawunan zaki, dodon da akuya; malaman tauhidi na karni na biyu, Triniti, wanda Uba, Ɗa da Ruhu Mai Tsarki ke daure ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba; Masanan dabbobin kasar Sin, Ti-yiang, tsuntsun da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, yana da fukafukai shida da fukafukai hudu, amma ba ya da fuska ko idanu; Geometers na karni na goma sha tara, hypercube, adadi mai girma hudu, wanda ke rufe adadi marar iyaka kuma yana da fuska takwas da murabba'i ashirin da hudu. Hollywood ta ƙara haɓaka wannan gidan kayan gargajiya na ban tsoro: ta hanyar lalatar fasaha da ake kira dubbing, tana ba da shawarar dodanni waɗanda ke haɗa abubuwan ban mamaki na Greta Garbo da muryar Aldonza Lorenzo.
  • "A kan Dubbing" ["Sobre el doblaje"]

Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius (1940)

First translated by James E. Irby (1961)

• Na bin diddigin gano Ukbar ne da hadaddiyar madubi da ilmin sani.
  • Layukan farko

• Daya daga cikin bidi'a na Uqbar ya bayyana cewa madubai da yin tafsirin abin kyama ne, tunda dukkansu suna ninka adadin mutum.
  • Fassarar Bambance-Bambance: Madubai da kwafi batsa ne, don suna ƙara adadin ɗan adam.
  • Cf. "Hakim, Mai Masked Dyer na Merv", a cikin "Tarihin Laifi na Duniya" (1935)

• Ga ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan Gnostics, sararin samaniya da ake iya gani ta kasance ruɗi ne ko (mafi dai dai) sophistry. Madubobi da uba abin kyama ne domin suna yawaita su yada shi.
  • Ga ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan gnostics, sararin samaniyar da ake iya gani ta kasance ruɗi ne ko kuma, mafi daidai, sophism. Madubai da uba abin kyama ne domin suna ninka shi kuma suna fadada shi.

• A rayuwa, ya sha wahala daga tunanin rashin gaskiya, kamar yadda ’yan Ingila da yawa suka yi.
  • Bambance-bambance: A rayuwarsa, ya sha fama da rashin gaskiya, kamar yadda yawancin turawa suka yi; da zarar ya mutu, shi ba ma fatalwar da yake a lokacin ba ne.

• Su waye suka kirkiri Tlön? Jam'i ba makawa ne, saboda hasashe na mai ƙirƙira shi kaɗai - mara iyaka Leibniz yana aiki cikin duhu da kunya - an rage gaba ɗaya. Ana hasashen cewa wannan sabuwar duniya jajirtacciya, aikin wata ƙungiyar asiri ce ta masana ilmin taurari, masana kimiyyar halitta, injiniyoyi, masana kimiyyar lissafi, mawaƙa, masana chemists, algebraists, masu ɗabi'a, masu zane-zane, na'urar geometers... wanda wani mutum mai hazaka mai duhu ya jagoranta. Mutanen da suka mallaki waɗannan fannoni daban-daban suna da yawa, amma ba haka ba waɗanda ke iya ƙirƙira da ƙasa da waɗanda ke da ikon bin wannan ƙirƙira zuwa tsayayyen tsari da tsari. Da farko an yi imani da cewa Tlön ya kasance hargitsi ne kawai, kuma lasisin da bai dace ba na tunanin; yanzu an san cewa duniyar sararin samaniya ce kuma an tsara dokokin da suka dace da ita, aƙalla na ɗan lokaci. Bari in tuna cewa sabani a bayyane na Mujalladi na Goma sha ɗaya su ne ginshiƙan tushe don tabbatar da cewa sauran juzu'i sun wanzu, don haka lucid kuma daidai shine tsarin da aka lura a cikinsa.

• Hume ya lura har abada cewa Berkeley gardama ba su yarda da ko kadan ba ko kadan kuma ba su haifar da ko kadan ba." a cikin aikace-aikacensa ga ƙasa, amma gaba ɗaya ƙarya a Tlön. Al'ummomin wannan duniyar sun kasance masu akida. Harshensu da abubuwan da suka samo asali daga harshensu - addini, haruffa, metaphysics - duk suna ɗaukan manufa. Duniya a gare su ba tazara ce ta abubuwa a sararin samaniya ba; jerin ayyuka ne masu zaman kansu daban-daban. Yana da jere kuma na ɗan lokaci, ba sarari ba.

• Wani mai tunani ba karamin haske ba kamar shi kansa bidi'a, amma a cikin al'adar Orthodox, ya ci gaba mafi girma hasashe . Wannan zato mai ban sha'awa ta bayyana cewa mutum ɗaya ne kawai, kuma wannan Mutumin da ba zai iya rarraba shi ba kowane ɗayan halittu ne daban-daban a cikin sararin samaniya, kuma waɗannan halittun kayan aiki ne da abin rufe fuska na Allahntaka da kansa.
  • Bambanci: Wannan zato mai farin ciki ya tabbatar da cewa batu guda daya ne kawai, cewa wannan batu da ba a raba shi ne kowane halitta a cikin sararin samaniya kuma waɗannan halittun gabobi ne da abin rufe fuska na Ubangiji.

File:Omnitruncated 24-cell hangen zaman gaba-great rhombicuboctahedron-first-01.png

Masu ilmin likitanci na Tlön ba sa neman gaskiya ko ma da gaskia, sai dai don abin mamaki.

• Geometry na Tlön ya ƙunshi fannoni biyu daban-daban: na gani da tactile. Ƙarshen ya yi daidai da namu lissafi kuma yana ƙarƙashin na farko.

• Ba ƙari ba ne a faɗi cewa al'adun gargajiya na Tlön sun ƙunshi horo ɗaya kawai: ilimin halin ɗan adam. Duk sauran suna ƙarƙashinsa. Na ce maza na wannan duniyar suna ɗaukar sararin samaniya a matsayin jerin hanyoyin tunani waɗanda ba su tasowa a sararin samaniya amma a jere cikin lokaci.

• Masanan ilimin lissafi na Tlön ba sa neman gaskiya ko ma ga gaskiya, sai dai don abin mamaki. Sun yanke hukunci cewa metaphysics wani reshe ne na adabi masu ban mamaki. Sun san cewa tsari ba komai ba ne face kaskantar da dukkan bangarorin duniya ga kowane irin wannan fanni. Ko da kalmar “dukkan al’amura” ba za a iya watsi da ita ba, domin tana tsammanin ƙari na yanzu da na duk lokacin da ba zai yiwu ba.

• Daya daga cikin makarantun Tlön ya kai nisa har ya hana lokaci; yana haifar da cewa yanzu ba shi da iyaka, cewa gaba ba ta da wani haƙiƙa face bege na yanzu, cewa abin da ya gabata ba shi da wani haƙiƙa face abin tunawa na yanzu. Wata makaranta ta bayyana cewa duk zamani ya riga ya faru kuma rayuwarmu ta kasance. kawai abin da ba a iya gani ba ne kuma babu shakka ya gurbata ƙwaƙwalwar da aka yanke ko kuma wani tsari da ba za a iya murmurewa ba. Wani kuma, cewa tarihin sararin samaniya - kuma a cikinsa rayuwarmu da kuma mafi girman daki-daki na rayuwarmu - shine nassi da wani allahn da ke ƙarƙashinsa ya samar don yin magana da aljani. Wani kuma, cewa sararin samaniya yana kama da waɗancan rubutun da ba duk alamomin suna aiki ba kuma abin da ke faruwa a kowane dare ɗari uku gaskiya ne. Wani kuma, cewa yayin da muke barci a nan, muna farkawa a wani wuri kuma cewa ta wannan hanyar kowane mutum mutum biyu ne.

• • Bambance-bambance: Ɗaya daga cikin makarantu a Tlön ya kai ga hana lokaci. Yana haifar da cewa abin da ke yanzu ba shi da ma'ana, cewa gaba ba ta da wani gaskiya face bege na yanzu, cewa abin da ya gabata bai wuce ƙwaƙwalwar yanzu ba. . . Wani kuma ya ci gaba da cewa duniya tana kwatankwacinta da waɗancan tsarin tsarin da ba dukkan alamomin ke da ma'ana ba, kuma abin da kawai ke faruwa a kowane dare ɗari uku gaskiya ne...
    • Tarihin talikai... rubutun hannu ne da wani ƙaramin allah ya yi don yin magana da aljani.

• A zamanin yau, ɗaya daga cikin majami'u na Tlön ya kiyaye platonically cewa irin wannan ciwo, irin wannan launin kore-rawaya, irin wannan zafin jiki, irin wannan sauti, da dai sauransu, ya zama ainihin gaskiyar da ke akwai. Duk maza, a cikin yanayin yanayin coitus, mutum ɗaya ne. Duk mutanen da suka maimaita layi daya na Shakespeare su ne William Shakespeare.

• • Bambanci: A yau, ɗaya daga cikin majami'u na Tlön Platonically yana kula da cewa wani ciwo, wani koren launin rawaya, wani zafin jiki, wani sauti, shine kawai gaskiyar. Duk maza, a cikin ɓacin lokaci na coitus, mutum ɗaya ne. Duk mutane da ke maimaita layi daga " William Shakespeare.

Lambun Hanyoyi masu Yaduwa (1942)

El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan (1942) tarin gajerun labarai ne, tare da ɗaukar takensa daga ɗayansu.

• 'Rubuta dogayen littattafai aiki ne na wauta mai wahala da talauci: faɗaɗa cikin shafuka ɗari biyar ra'ayin da za a iya bayyana shi daidai cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan. Hanya mafi kyau ita ce yin kamar cewa waɗannan littattafan sun riga sun wanzu kuma a ba da taƙaice, sharhi.
  • Gabatarwa; Fassara dabam dabam:
    • Hauka ce mai wahala da talauci, hauka na tsara litattafai masu yawa - suna tsara ra'ayi a cikin shafuka dari biyar ra'ayin da za a iya danganta shi da baki cikin mintuna biyar. Hanya mafi kyau da za a bi ita ce, a yi kamar cewa waɗannan littattafan sun riga sun wanzu, kuma in ba da taƙaitaccen bayani, sharhi a kansu ... Mutumin da ya fi dacewa, mafi kuskure, kuma mafi yawan kasala, na zabi in rubuta bayanin kula akan hasashe. littattafai.
    • Abubuwan da ke tattare da manya-manyan littattafai almubazzaranci ne mai wahala da talauci. Don ci gaba da shafuka ɗari biyar suna haɓaka ra'ayi wanda cikakkiyar bayyani na baka zai yiwu a cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan! Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce yin kamar cewa waɗannan littattafan sun riga sun wanzu, sannan a ba da ci gaba, sharhi. . . Mafi ma'ana, mafi kuskure, mafi rashin hankali, na gwammace in rubuta bayanin kula akan littattafan tunani.

Kowane mutum ya zama mai iya kowane tunani kuma na fahimci cewa nan gaba hakan zai kasance.

• Alkawarin da na yi ba shi da wahala, a zahiri... Dole ne kawai in kasance marar mutuwa don aiwatar da shi.
  • "Pierre Menard, Mawallafin Quixote" ["Pierre Menard, autor del Quijote"]