Wq/ha/Shehu Usman Dan Fodio

Shehu Usman ɗan Fodio, (1754–1817) ya kasance babban malamin addinin Musulunci, ɗan siyasa, da jagoran juyin juya hali a yankin arewacin Najeriya. An haife shi a wani ƙauye mai suna Maratta kusa da Degel a ƙasar Gobir (yanzu a cikin Jihar Sakkwato, Najeriya). Shi ne ya assasa Daular Sakkwato, wadda ta shahara a yankin arewacin Najeriya da ma wasu sassan Afirka ta Yamma.

Shehu Usman ɗan Fodio ya kasance malami mai zurfin ilimi wanda ya shahara wajen wa’azin Musulunci da koyar da ilimin shari'a (fiqhu). Ya yi fice wajen tsayawa kan gaskiya da wa’azi, musamman akan adalci, ilimi, da bin tsarin Musulunci mai tsarki. A sakamakon wannan faɗakarwa, ya samu goyon bayan mutane da dama har ya jagoranci wani babban yunƙuri na jihadi (juyin juya hali), wanda aka san shi da Jihadin ɗan Fodio.

A shekarar 1804, ya fara wannan jihadi, wanda ya haifar da kafa Daular Sakkwato, wacce ta kawo canje-canje na siyasa da zamantakewa a yankin. Bayan wannan nasara, Usman ɗan Fodio ya ba da mulki ga ɗansa, Muhammad Bello, ya kuma mayar da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce da faɗakarwa. Ya rubuta littattafai da dama a fannonin Musulunci, tsari na zamantakewa, da kuma falsafa.

Shehu Usman ɗan Fodio yana da tasiri mai girma a tarihin Najeriya da duk yankin Afirka ta Yamma, inda har yanzu ra’ayinsa da aikinsa ke cigaba da zama abin kwaikwayo da nazari a addini da zamantakewa.