Wp/vmw/Nelson Mandela
.jpg)
Mukhalelo a Nelson Mandela
Mandela (1918-2013) aari peresitenti a Elapo ya África do Sul.
Aari literie a nikhurui nowanela Apartheid - Ilexislasayu yathanya anooripe mulapoli. Ohukhumwa eyaakha ya 1964 ni ehukhumu yohikhala mukalaposo mpakha okha wawe ataphuliwe eyaajha ya 1990 mwaha wokanyererya wa ilapo sokhopela.
Ohaakhela “Etthuvo Nobel ya Murattele”, mweeri okhiserya a eyaajha ya 1993, mwaha mês owanela wawe ni Mukhalelo a erexiime yothanyana mwaha wa nikhuli[1].
Onamwane ni omiravo awe
Nelson Mandela oyariwe oMvezo, África do Sul, nmahiku yettaka 18 mweeri a nethanu ni miili eyaajha ya 1918. Mwaana a nikoto na emusi notthitthimihiwa na novo a Xhosa, ahitweliwa ni nains na Rolihiahia Dalibhunga Mandela.
Eyaakha ya1925 ahituphela EXikola Yopacerya, namasomiha ahipacerya amwihana ni nslna nawanithaneliwa na Nelson, muhina motthitthimiheriwa Almirante Nelson, ethariheliwaka ephatthu muhina mwa ikettelo sotweliwa masina ni ekelesi a anamwane otene yettela Exikola. Orineene eyaajha thanu ni ixexe a munuwelo awe, nookwa atatwaawe, Mandela ahikuxiwa orohiwa epooma yamukhaani real weewo okhapeleliwa ni mikhalelo WA epoovu Tambu[1].
Noomaliha osoma wawe Yo[1]pacerya, Mandela ovolowa Exikola
Yowetetiwa , Clarkebury Boarding Institute, ekoleexiyu yothanleliwa ya anooriipe, weiwo asome ser Soluluwana ni Ephathu ositetaale. Vootharelana
, Ahituphela o Colégio Healdtown, wiwo akhala awe.
Eyaakha ya 1939, Mandela ahituphela kuursu a Ehakhi , variyari va Universitaatena ya Fort Hare, Universitaate Yopacerya ya elapo ya wÁfrica do Sul yamusomiha kuurso ole anoriipe[1].
Mwaha wowirela mpantte ovany[1]iha, votakaheryana ni nikhurui nanamasoma, viireliwa othowa Yixeetta yoluluwana ni etemokarasiya Variyari va nikhuli mwa nme oovariwa miteko, ahikhanyereriwa ni khimunteerya Kuursu ole. Ahitthamela epooma ya Joanesburgo, weewo ahikumabyera ni mikhalelo owoopopiha anooripe enceene.
Eyaajha ya 1943, omaliha opaxareeli muhina mwa Sorattela Variyari vá Universitaate ya África do Sul. Ahimukrleliha omuhooli kuusu ole a Ehakhi, Vokweheriwa, ya Univirsitaate ya Fort Hare. (Thanavthanaru ahakhelela etiitulu ya "Doutor Honoris Causa", ni veteteriwaka
Oliveliwa womoliwa wawe)[1].
Mawanelo a Mandela vokhottela Malamulo a Apartheid.
Eyaakha ya1944,vamosaru ni Walter Sisulo ni Oliver Tambo, Mandela opathuxa “ Eliika Yamwavano a Congresso Nacional Africano (CNA)”, othatuwa
Ekaruma yowoneyaxa a mikhalelo a ePuliitika ya anooripe.
Mandela -
Variyari va sohiyeriwa nakolono meuropeyu waafirika, yotepa onyoonya waari otyanyiwa anooripe a África do Sul. Wikhaliheryaka ni miruku sowinxunuherya onyokha a nootteele Alopwana meyurepeyu yahinstituwiri malamulo yakhaliherya mikhalelo a “apartheid” ( ovirikana), atikitheriwe eyaajha ya 1948 ni Epartiitu Nasiyonaale.
Mikhalelo oui anikhotthiha othelana eraka ovirikana mikhalelo a nikhuli, anikhanyererya elepiliwa nikhuli n'a khuta mutthu, anotteele ni anooripe yakhala napuri ovirikana mmaxikolana, muxiripitaali, mparasa,etc.., anikweheriwa Maputo yakhanle Okhala Khuta makhuli.
Otyanyiwa mwaha wa nikhuali, othowa ehakhi ta ePuliitika ni sivili ni ohixeetta wanooripe mithethe sothanleliwa ni kuveeruni akunya otanyerya masaakere ni okwa wanooripe[1].
Alopwana ni athiyana anceene a Muttetthe anooripe a sul-africana yahikhanyanya ni wivahererya waya yoteene mwaha wa Mulatthu yoola: Nuumala apartheid. Nelson Mandela waari wuule oneyexa amuhooleli a nikhurui anooripe a África do Sul[1].
Othukiwa wa Mandela
Eyaakga ya 1956, Mandela ahitthukiwa ekwaha Yopacerya
,Otheriwaka ekhirime ya conspiração. Eyaakha ya 1960, maliitere onooripe ovirikana yanomolasiwa, otthukweliwa,ohukhumwa ni wivakasiwa Waka ohukhumwasa. Variyari vaiyaayo aari Mandela, yoowo eyaakha ya 1964 ahihukhumwa
Okwela mukalaposo. Ahikhala mukhatteya iyaakha 27 otthukweliwa Ekisiro ya Robben[1].
Iyaakhao sa 80, okhattela wa ilapo sa okhopela mikhalelo a apartheid omalenle ni plebiscito emalelinhe ni waporovariwa omalamala wa mukhaleloole. Mahiku yettaka 11 mweeri wa nenli Eyaajha ya 1990, vaavale vavinre aya iyaakhao 26, peresitenti a África do Sul Frederik de Klerk, ahimutaphula Mandela.
Vaavale vakhume awe mukhatteya, Mandela ahilavula omuhupi mwawe
Mihupi ithanaka elapo eu yuraane:
“ Mi nowanela oxintthiwa nanottele ni nowanela ohukhumwa wanoripe. Mi kinalompela nikhurui n'a Esosiyetaate yowixetta ni yotaphuwa, yeeyo atthu oteene
okhale aya Okhala ni kinlipelela Aka opwanya. Masi
viiraka viraneye, ti yophwanelela emosa wweyo miyo kiweryaaka wi kikwele”.
Ethuvo Nobel ya murettele
[edit | edit source]Eyaakha ya 1993, Nelson Mandela ni peresitenti, ahaasinari mikhalelo musya a Ekostituwisayu ya Erepuupilika sul-africana, yamalamaliha sophiyaka iyaakha imiya 300 soopuheriwa
Mwaha wa makhuli ovirina.Eyaakha yeeyo tho, ahakhelelasa Ethuvo Nobel ya murettele , mwaha owana ekhotto yowirela ihakhi sivili ni yapinaatamu a muloponi.
Nfalume a Elapo ya África do Sul
Noovira Okatthi munceene ovaneleliwa, Mandela owerya omweiiriha mwathanle
Sirelaka mpantte opartiitu sovirikana mweeri a Neexexe eyaakha ya 1994. Epartiitu awe
Yahixintta, ni Mandela ahirwa othanliwa Ofalume Opacerya othaniwa a wÁfrica do Sul.
Mandela - Peresitenti a wÁfrica ya Sul - 1994
Womalelani waya, kuveeruni awe apwanya anamunceene oparlamento ni khikweherya omalamalihiwa okhathi munceene wohaxiwa nokupaleeliwa nlamuko nowireliwa anooripe.Eyaakha ya 1995, kuveeruni awe ahipaka EkomisawuYekekgayi ni yowiraanela, eu aweha wehe mavonyeryo a ihakhi sa axaana axilopwana sovonyeliwa vaava okathi wa apartheid.Vahoniheriwa mikhalelo a soteene sovonyeliwa wiraaya makhulupale a
apartheid ni opicetiivu owoniherya masooso otanyeriwa wi oreriheliwe[1].
Mandela, qakuvernanri mpakha eyaakha ya 1999,ahathatela apopulasayu
ni masooso oyuraannya elapo mpakha omuthanla murantteli awe. Eyakha ya 2006, ahithukweliwa Variyari ni Anistia Internacional, mwaha Sowanela Ihakhi
Saapinaatamu
Omusya awe
Eyaakha ya 1944, Mandela ahimuthela nfirimeera Evelyn Mase, yoowo ayarane ser
Ana ser anli Axithiyana anli Alopwana. Eyaakha ya 1958 yahimwalanasa ni
eyaakga yeeyo tho ahimuthela namawanela mulathu omuruna antiapartheid, Winnie Madikizela, khayara anaawe anli Axithiyana. Eyaakha ya 1992 athelani ale amwalanasa[1].
Eyaakha ya 1998, omuthela Graça Machel. Eyaakha ya 1999, noohiya operesitenti wala ofalume, Mandela oriwa onakhala vamosa ni maayi Graça epooma awe yamukhanye ene enithaniwa
"vilarejo" ya Qunu o weewo opathunxe awe muthenkeso Owakiherya Ihakhi sapinaatamu[1].
Nelson Mandela okhiye epooma ya Joanesburgo, África do Sul, mahiku yettaka 5 mweeri okhiserya eyaakha ya 2013. Masikho ser yiranenye etthiminku 15, o Qunu -muttetthe wunuwenlya awe[1].
[edit | edit source]Efererensiya