Wp/vai/ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ

ꔨꕃꔪꔵꕩ ꖏ ꘊꔧꔒ ꘈ, ꗡꘋꕢꖴꖃꔪꔵꕩ ꖷ ꗞ ꔇꔀ ꔌꘋ ꔰ ꔇꔀ ꕉꕌ ꖏꕎ. ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꖏ ꘊꔧꔒ ꖸ ꕞ ꗋꖺ ꗏꗒ ꘈꗢ ꕞ ꖏꕎ, ꘀꗫ ꘃ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕞ ꖏꕎ.

ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꖏ ꔋꘋ ꔋꘋ ꖷ ꖸ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꕉꕌ ꕴꖃ ꕃꔤꘂ ꕉꕡꕌ ꕴꖃ 23 ꘀꕇꖿꔒ 1945 ꖏꖃꕑꔕ (ꕜꕪꕌ), ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꕉꕌ ꕴꖃ ꕸꖃꔀ ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꗞꖻ ꕉꕌ ꕘꕌ ꕒꕡꕌ ꕉ ꕘꕌ ꕐꔸꔻ ꕐꕌꔳꘂ 7ꕯꕊ, ꔱꗷꘋꔻ, 23 ꖱꕞꔤ 1998 (ꕉ ꗋꘋ ꔨ ꕢꘋ 53) ꕉꕌ ꗓ ꖷ ꘃ ꔳꔤꔲꔤ ꖏ ꗏ ꕈꕰ ꗞꖻ ꖬꔃꘋ ꗓ ꘃ ꗞꖻ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꕜꔤꗸꕚ

ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕮ ꗓꔒꔀ ꖤꕃ ꖜꕃ

ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ, ꕉꕡꕌ ꕴꖃ 23 ꘀꕇꖿꔒ 1945 ꕜꕪꕌ ꕢꕨꕌ ꗏ ꕉꖷ ꕉꕌ ꖦꖕꕰ ꕿ 23 ꖱꕞꔤ 1998 ꕐꔸꔻ ꕐꕌꔳꘂ 7ꕯꕊ, ꔳꕩ ꗞ ꕮ ꘀꗡ ꗞꖻ ꕎ ꖏ, ꔧ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꗞꖻ, ꔧ ꗏ ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꕜꔤꗸꕚ.

ꗞ ꖴꖨꘋ ꕒ ꖸ ꕮꕊ ꗓ ꕉꔤ ꕿ ꔞ ꕉ ꗃ ꗓ ꘃ ꗞꗢ ꔖꔈꔕ ꖕꖬꕮꕇ ꗏ, ꘃ ꕉ ꗷꔤ ꗏ ꗬꗡ, ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕉꔱꕪ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꗞꖻ ꕮ ꗓꔒ ꕒꕌ ꖸ ꗏꗒ ꕎ ꕉ ꕚ ꕧꕮꕴꔀ ꗏ. [1]

ꖏ ꖷ ꖸ ꗪ ꕺꖃ ꘈꗢ ꗏ • ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕉ ꔱꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ ꖏꕎ

• ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏꔀ • ꖏ ꘊꔧꔒ ꖷ ꖸ ꔻꔭꔤꔒ ꗪ • ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧꔒ ꖴꖫ ꖸ ꔧ ꖏ ꘈꗢ ꖸ ꗃꕎ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꖸ • ꕪꘋ ꗅꘋ ꖏ ꖷ ꖸ ꔻꔭꔤꔒ ꗪ

ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕉ ꔱꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ ꖏꕎ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ | ꕀꔤꘂ ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ] ꕉꔤꕮꕊꕆ ꕞ ꔔꘋ, ꕉꕡ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕴꖃ 1945, ꖏꖃꕑꔕ, ꔒꔟꕩ ꕮ ꕜꕪꕌ ꔎꔒ ꕀꔤ ꗛꔤ ꔒꘋꗣ ꗏ ꕃꕞ. ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꗠꗞ ꕪꔤꕮ ꕒꕌ ꖏ ꗏꘋ ꗳꔤ ꘊꔧ ꗪ ꗏꘋ ꗃ ꗞꗢ ꕎꔻꔻ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕞ ꖏꕎ, ꔧ ꕴꖃ ꗪꗡ ꗏꘋ ꗃ ꖷꖬꘂ ꕮꔳ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕞ ꖏꕎ, ꕉ ꕎ ꖷ ꗋꘋ ꗏ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꕜꔤꗸꕚ. [2]

ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꕪꕌ ꘃꗡ ꖴꘋ ꔳꘂ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏꔀ ꗏ, ꕉꕌ ꗓ ꘃꗡ ꕔꕌ ꗓ ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꖬꔃꘋ ꗓ ꘃ ꗞꖻ ꖏ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꕪꘋ ꕉꖷ ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꖴꖨꘋ ꕒ ꖸ ꗏ ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꗪ ꔤꕚꔷ. ꕉꕌ ꔖꔜ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꗓꗡ ꘃ ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꗛꔌ ꕆ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꕪꘋ ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉ ꗋꘋ ꕢꘋ ꕚꘋ ꖇꘋꗱꕞ. ꕎꕌꔳ ꗃꖺ ꕞ ꖏꕎ, ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꘈꕓ ꖏ ꕸꖃꔀ ꕞ ꖇꕟꖆ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꕪꘋꗣ ꕜꕪꕌ. ꕜꔤꗸꕚꕌ ꔱꗷꘋꔻ ꔞꘋꗣ ꕞ ꖏꕎ ꕜꕪꕌ ꕞꕌ ꔻꕰ ꗓ ꘃ ꖴꖫ ꕞ ꔧ ꕪꘈꕟ ꗓ ꘃ ꗞꖻ ꘃꖷ ꕉꔤ ꖴꘋ ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖬꕮꔒꔀ ꖸ ꔬꕩꕌ, ꕉꖸꕩꕌꖸ ꔞꔀ ꖏ ꘀꗫ ꕃꔤ ꕗ ꕗ ꕢꕨ ꕒꕌ ꔧ ꕒꖦꖕ ꔔꘋ ꕪꔤꕮꕊ. [3]

ꖬꔃꘋ ꕰꕮ ꔖꔜꕯ ꖷ ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꕉ ꗏ, ꔳꕩ ꖤꕃ-ꖜꕃ ꕎ ꖏ (ꖺ ꔱꕞ ꗏ ꖙꖨꘂ ꕞ ꕚꕌꘂꗡ, 1972). ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕰꕮ ꗱꕞꕯꕊ ꔱꕞ ꗏ ꖙꖨꘂ ꗏ, (1972) , ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꖷꖬ ꗛꖺ ꗏꗒ ꕞ ꖏ ꕰꕊꕮ ꗠꖻ ꗃꗡ ꕞ, ꗪꔤꕮꕊ, ꗞ ꕞꕌ ꕘꕞ ꗏ ꗋꖺ. ꕉ ꘃ ꕪꘋꗜꖺ, ꖷꖬ ꗛꖺꗡ ꕞ ꔞꕒꕌ, ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꖢꔓꔵꔼ ꖦꗸꘋꕮꔳ ꕞ ꗓ ꘃ ꕉ ꕮ. ꕉ ꔳꕩ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕎ ꖏ, ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕞ ꕈꕰꕊ ꔳꕩ ꗪꗡꕯ. ꕮꔈꔳ ꕴꕎꕌ ꔨ ꕉꔤ ꕯ ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꗱꕞꕌ ꖸ ꕞ ꕪꘋ ꗏꗒ ꕉꖸꔧ ꔳ ꖏ ꕢꕔ ꖏ ꕉ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꕭꕯꕊ ꗪ ꕗꕡ.

1995 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ, ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕞ ꗓ ꘃ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕢꕔꕯ ꕮ, ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꔞꔀ ꖏ ꗛꖺ ꗞ ꘈꗻꗡ ꖸꕊ ꖏꕎ. ꕉ ꖴꘋꕡ ꕉ ꔖꔜꕯ ꗱꕞꕌ ꖸ ꕎ ꔬꕩꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꔬꕩ ꖴꖫ ꕮ, ꔱꗷꘋꔻ ꕧꔌꘋꗣ (1995) – ꕉ ꘃ ꖷ ꕞ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖴꖫ ꕈꕰꔒ ꕒꕌ ꕪ ꕒꕊ ꕮꕊ ꕔꔤ, ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉꕡ ꗠꖻ ꗪꘋ ꕉꔱꕪ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖴꖫ ꕞꕌ 5ꕯꕊ ꗏ

ꕆꕞꘋ – ꔧ ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕞꕊꕮꕯ, ꔎꔒ ꗬꗷꔒ ꕮ ꔌꔀ ꕪ ꔔꘋ ꖷꖬꕮ ꔒꘋꗣ (1998). ꕉ ꕘꕌ ꗊꖺꗊꖺꗡ ꗏ ꕃꕩꘋꕢ ꕃꕩꕌ ꕸꖃ 23 ꖱꕞꔤ 1998, ꔒꔟꕩ 7ꕯꕊ, ꕐꔸꔻ [4] ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꕉ ꗪ ꔨ ꕸꔤ ꔬꕯ.

ꕉꕡ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꕎ ꘃ ꕉ ꕞ ꗓꔒ ꗪ ꕉ ꔱꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ, ꕮꔈꔳ ꕎ́ꔳꘂ ꗬꗡ ꕞ ꖏꕎ, ꕉꕌ ꗪꗡ ꔻꔤꘂ ꕞ ꖏꕎ 2008 ꕢꘋꗣ ꖝ ꗏ.

ꕉꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꗓ ꘃꗡ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ | ꕀꔤꘂ ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ] • 1969: ꖏ ꔬꕩ ꕃꔤ ꕗ ꕗ ꕢꕨ ꕒꕌ (ꖬꔃꘋ-ꖴꖫ) • 1970: ꕑꖦꖕ ꔔꘋ ꕪꔤꕮꕊ (ꖬꔃꘋ ꗳ ꕰꕮ ꔒꘋ) • 1973: ꖤꕃ ꖜꕃ • 1989: ꖷ ꖏꕎꔀ ꕮꕮ (ꖬꔃꘋ-ꖴꖫ) • 1992: ꔱꕞ ꗏ ꖙꖨꘂ ꖸ • 1995: ꔱꗷꘋꔻ ꕧꔌꘋꗣ (ꖬꔃꘋ ꗳ ꕰꕮ ꔒꘋ) • 1998: ꔎꔒ ꗬꗷꔒ ꕮ ꔌꔀ ꕪ ꔔꘋ ꖷꖬꕮ ꔒꘋꗣ (ꖬꔃꘋ ꗳ ꕰꕮ ꔒꘋ)

ꖏ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕉ ꔱꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ ꖏꕎ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ | ꕀꔤꘂ ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ] • ꔻ ꕚꔪꖇꕑ, ꗪꗡ ꔻꔤ/ꕢꖝ ꗓ ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕞ ꖏꕎ (ꕉꔱꕪ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕀꕩ ꖴꖫ ꕮ; ꗟꕓ 24). ꕎꕭꖦꖶ: ꕉꔱꕪ ꖟ ꗠꖻ ꕞ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꗞꗢ ꖸꕊ ꖏꕎ, 1998 • ꖱꔷ ꔒꖦꖩ, ꕀꖜꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ: ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꗞꖻ ꕮꔕ ꖷ ꗃꕎ ꕉꔱꕪ ꗞ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꔱꔤꕮꕊ ꖸ ꗳ, ꕐꔸꔻ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎꔀ ꕢꕔꕯꕊ, 1999 • ꕢꕜ ꕇꕩꘋ, ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ: ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꗞꖻ ꖷ ꗪ ꗓꖺ ꔎꘋ ꕀ ꕭꕯꕊ ꕞ, ꖨꖕ ꕪꕴꔀ, 2002 • ꕯꔸ ꔖꔕ, ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ: ꕪꘈꕟ ꕔꕌꔒ ꗪ … ꖬꘋ ꕞ ꕺꖃ ꕞ, ꖨꖕ ꕪꕴꔀ, 2001 • ꕉꕇ ꔨꘋꕦꘋꕃ, ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꖺ ꗻꗡ ꕒꕌ ꕞ ꕚꕌꘂꗡ, ꕉ ꔽꔤ ꔀꔂ3, 2003 • ꕢꔤꗞꘋ ꘋꕧꕆ, “ꕚꕌ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꔱꕩꕌ ꗪ ꗱꕯ, ꔷꕩꕹ ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕞ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] (ꗏ ꖏꕎꔀ ꘃ 2 ꖱꘋ 2013)

• ꗲꗻꘋ ꕮꖃꕢ, “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ, ꖴꕮ ꕪ ꖷ ꗏ ꔬꕩ ꔇꔀ ꕉ ꕮ, ꔻꕇꕮ ꖏ ꖴꖫ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕺꖃꔀ, ꗟꕓ 678, ꔈꔀ 2012 • (ꕶꕱ ꖨꖕꕴꕱꔀ ꗏ) ꕃꗷꗡ ꕃꔒꕮꘋꔳ, ꗪ ꔇꔀ ꔇꔀꕯ ꔱꕩꕌ ꗱ ꕜꕪꕌ: ꗓ ꕪꘋꗒ ꗞꖻ ꖸ, ꖏ ꗏ ꔳꘂ ꔳꘂ, ꔧ ꖏ ꖸꕊ ꕚꕌꘂ ꕃꔤ ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕞ ꔻꕇꕮꕊ ꖸ ꔇꔀ ꔇꔀ ꗞꖻ ꖸꕊ ꖏꕎ, ꔻꕇꕮ ꔇꔀ ꔇꔀ ꗞꗢ ꖸꕊ ꖏꕎ, manycinemas 2/2011, 16-29 manycinemas.org [ꕉ ꕈꕰꔒ]

ꖏ ꘊꔧꔒ ꖷ ꖸ ꔻꔭꔤꔒ ꗪ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ | ꕀꔤꘂ ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ] • ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꔻꕇꕮꕊ ꖸ • ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꖬꔃꘋꗣ ꖸ ꗋꖺ ꖸ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕮ

ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧꔒ ꖴꖫ ꖸ ꔧ ꖏ ꘈꗢ ꖸ ꗃꕎ ꕪꘋ ꖷ ꖸ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ | ꕀꔤꘂ ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ] 1. “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ -ꕉꗡꕆꔵ-ꔫ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] (ꗏ ꖏꕎꔀ ꘃ 2 ꖱꘋ 2013) 2. “ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕀꖜꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꔱꕩ ꗃꗡ ꕞ ꖏꕎ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] ꕉ ꗪ ꕉꔱꕪ ꕞꕡꕌ ꕮ (ꗏ ꖏꕎꔀ ꘃ 2 ꖱꘋ 2013) 3. “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ – ꔱꗷꘋꔻ ꔻꕇꕮ ꖏꔀ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] (ꗏ ꖏꕎꔀ ꘃ 2 ꖱꘋ 2013) 4. ꖝ ꗏ ꗱꗡ, “ꖏ ꗃꖺ ꖷ ꗃꕎ ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕞ ꕘꕌ ꘀꗫ ꕺꖃꔀ ꗏ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] ꗞ ꕘꕌꔒꔀ ꖸꕊ ꕺꖃꔀ ꖸ ꗏ

ꕪꘋ ꗅꘋ ꖏ ꖷ ꖸ ꔻꔭꔤꔒ ꗪ [ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ ꕮ | ꕀꔤꘂ ꗏ ꕘꕞꘋ] • ꗓꕧꕌꗡ ꕞ ꖏ ꖸ ꘊꔧꔒ ꕺꖃ ꕮ ◦ ꖦꖕꕰ ꗓꕧꕌ ꖸꕊ ꕒꕡ ꖏ ꔬꕩꔒ ꕺꖃ ꖸ ꕮ ◦ ꗋꖺ ꖸꕊ ꔰꔤ ꔬ ꖦꖕꕰꕊ ꕞ ꖏ ꔬꕩ ꕃꔤꘂ ꗱ ◦ ꔱꗷꘋꔻ ꕸꖃꔀ ꕞ ꕞꔤꗩꔓꔀ (ꖏ ꖷ ꖸ ꗪ ꕸꖃ ꕮ) ◦ ꖳꕇꕙꔖꔎ ꕞ ꕺꖃ ꖏ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰ ꕃꔤ ◦ ꗛꖵꗸꔻ ꕞꔤꗩꔓꔀ

◦ ꗓꕧꕌ ꕮ ꕀꔤꔒꔀ ꖸꕊ ꖏ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒꔀ ꖸ ꕺꖃ ꕮ ◦ ꖽꖺꗷꘋ ꕸꖃꔀ ꕞ ꕞꔤꗩꔓ ꕮ ꖇꔒꔀ ◦ ꕶꗷꘋ ꖳꕙꔖꔎ ꕞ ꕞꔤꗩꔓ ◦ ꕸꖃꔀ ꕞ ꕞꔤꗩꔓ ꕺꖃꔀ ꖸ ꗋꗡ ꖸ ꕺꖃ ꖜꖴ ꗏ ꕮ ◦ ꖦꖕꕰ ꕮꕊꕰꔒ ꕞ ꗓ ꕃꔤꘂ ◦ ꖦꖕꕰ ꕮꕊꕰꔒ • ꖏ ꔬꕩꔒꔀ ꘃ ꖷ ꖸ ꔳꕩ ꔲꔵꖎ ꕎ ꖏ ◦ ꕉꔱꕪ ꕞꕡꕌ ꖸ [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] ◦ ꕉꖃꔻꔕ [ꕉꕈꕰꔒ ꕈꕰꔒ] ◦ (ꕶꕱ) AllMovie [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] ◦ (ꕧꕮꔧ ꗪ ꕶꕱ) ꖬꔃꘋ ꔛꔕꕩꕌ [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] ◦ (ꕶꕱ) ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꖷ ꖸ ꔬꕩꔒ ꗪ ꔤꘋꗳꘉꔳꘂ ꕮ • (ꕶꕱ) “ꔱꕞ ꗏ ꖙꖨꘂ ꕞ ꕞꕊꕮ ꘀꗡ ꘃꗡ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] (ꕞ ꕮꔧ ꕔꕌ ꗡꕇ ꖢꕟꘋꕃ ꖕꕪꔵꔞ ꕞꕌ ꕮ ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕞ, ꕉꕡꕌ ꕢ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕮ ꖤꕟꘋꔽꗔꘋ 78 ꗏ, ꕉ ꔽꔤ 8, ꗟꕓ 2, 1999, ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕧꕓ 136-53, ꕒꕡ ꖷ ꕉꕌ ꖦꖕꕰ ꕿ) • “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ, ꗷꔤ ꖷ ꗞ ꖸ ꕞ ꖴꘋꗒ ꕃꔤ ꕮ ꕉꕌ ꖏꕎ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] ꖺꔒꕙ ꕞ ꗞ ꕘꕌꔒ ꖸ ꕺꖃꔀ ꕉꕡꕌ ꕢ ꕉꔱꕪ ꕞꕡꕌ ꖸ ꗱ 19 ꖱꕞꔤ 2002) • ꖢꕟꘋꕃ ꔼꕯꔤꕜ, “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ ꕞ ꔻꕇꕮ ꖏꔀ ꕉꔱꕪ / ꕉ ꕮ ꗓꔒ” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] Dailymotion ꕮ (ꗏ ꖏꕎꔀ ꘃ 2 ꖱꘋ 2013) • ꖴꔸꔻꔳꘋ ꖤꔒ-ꔻꔳꔚꔳ, “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ: ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꗞꖻ ꖷ ꗪ ꗓꖺ ꔎꘋ ꕀ ꕭꕯꕊ ꕞ” [ꕉ ꕈꕰꔒ ꕈꕰꔒ], ꔵꖛꖃꕮꔎ ꖦꖕꕰꕊ ꕮ (ꗏ ꖏꕎꔀ ꘃ 2 ꖱꘋ 2013) • “ꕀꔫꖨ ꔵꗚꔪ ꕮꔈꔳ, ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꕜꔤꗸꕚ ꕚꘋ ꖇꕱꖨꕯꕊ 1973” [ꕉ ꕢꕯ ꕈꕰꔒ] (ꕉꗡꕇꔀ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꕪꘋꗣ)

• ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꔛꔕꕩ • ꔻꕇꕮ ꔛꔕꕩ

• ꔲꔵꖎ ꕜꔤꗸꕚ ꔛꔕꕩ

ꖏ ꗳ ꕪꔒ ꖸ ꔽꔤ ꕮ: • ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꕈꕰ ꕜꔤꗸꕚ • ꔻꕇꕭꕌ ꖬꔃꘋ ꖏ ꕺꖃ ꘊꔧ ꗞꖻ • ꔻꕇꕮ ꔪꕦ ꗞꖻ ꔻꕇꕭꕌ • ꕉꕡ ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕴꖃ 1945 • ꕉꕡ ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕴꖃ ꕜꕪꕌ • ꕉꕡ ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕴꖃ ꕉꔱꕪ – ꔎꔒ ꕀꔤ ꔱꗷꘋꔻ ꗞꖻ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕘꕌ ꖱꕞꔤ 1998 • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕘꕌ ꔒꔟꕩ 7 ꕐꔸꔻ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕘꕌ ꕉꖸꕊ 53 ꕢꘋꗣ ꗏ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕘꕌ ꗊꖺꗊꖺꗡ ꗏ ꕃꕩꘋꕢ ꕃꕩꕌ ꕸꖃ • ꗞ ꖷ ꖸ ꕘꕌ ꕃꕩꘋꕢ ꕃꕩꕌ ꕸꖃ ꔱꗷꘋꔻ