Wp/tzm/ⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ
ⵎⵉⵎoⵓⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵏⴰⵣûⵔ ⵍⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵉⵏⴰⵣⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ. ⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵢⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏⵏⵙ.
ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ
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ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵏⴰⵥⵓⵔ ⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1959 ⴷⵉ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⵉⴷⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵏⴰⴹⵓⵔ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⴰ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴰⴹⵉⴼⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵉⵎⴹⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴰⵖⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ. ⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵜ, ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵖⴷⵊⴰⵊ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵓⵏⵓⵢ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵓⵏⵙⵉⵡⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ, ⴰⵎⵎ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵔ ⵉⴳⵡⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰ ⵢⴰⵇⵔ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵢⴰⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵉⵟⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵖ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵔ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴼⵉⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1980 ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ (ⴰⵊⵊⴰⵊⵏⵖ ⵉⴳⴳⵉⴳ). ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵏⵓⵣ ⵖ ⵉⵍⵣⵓⵣⵏ ⵎⴽⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵔⵉⵔ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⴼ ⵟⵉⴼⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵖⵣⵓ ⵙⴼⴰⵖⵏⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵓⵢⵢⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ, ⵉⴳⴳⴰⵡⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴼⵉⴼⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵎⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵎêⵜⵍⵓà (ⵉⵏⴻⵊⴷⵉ), ⵉⴽⴽ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴼⵉⴼⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ (ⵜⴰⵢⵢⵓⵜ).
Γ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1991, ⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ, ⵙⵉⵖⵜ ⵢⴰⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵢⵓⵔⵔⵉⴷ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1994. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵔⵔⵉⴼ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵎⵓ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵎⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵉⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵊⵊⴰ ⵉⴳⴳⴰⴷⵊ ⵖⵔ ⴱⵍⵊⵉⴽⴰ ⵉⴳ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵎ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ.
ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰ
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ⵍⵡⴰⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵖⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⵉⵔ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ. Γ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1997 ⵙⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵒⵓⵍⵉⵓⵙ (ⴰⴼⵓⵍⴰⵢ) ⵖ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵉⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ : ⵜⵉⵏⴼⴰⵔⴷⵊⴰⵙ.