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ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⵢⵔⵏⵓ ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 2 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⵉⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵢⵏ. ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵔⴱⵏ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ. ⴷⵉ ⵍⵡⵇⵜ ⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 150.000 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵍⴰⴷⵖⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵍⵎⴰⵏⵜ (ⴰⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵎ) ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⴽⵉⴰⵏⴳ ⵓⵉⵖⵓⵔ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴱⴱⴰⵄ ⵜⵉⵎⵛⵟⴰⵃ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⵜⵔⴰⵎ (ⵍⵖⵔⴱ) ⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵢⴰ, ⴷⵉ ⴽⴰⵣⴰⵅⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵊⵉⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴱⵉⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ. ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴷⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴼ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴷⵉ ⴰⴼⵖⴰⵏⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⴷⵉ ⵟⵟⵓⵔⴽ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ.

ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

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ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵟⵔⴽⵉⵜ, ⴷⵖⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵛⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵟⵟⵓⵇⵇⵜⵏⵜ ⵓ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵏⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵟⵔⴽⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ (ⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴱⵉⴳ ⴰⵏ), ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵜ (ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵔⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⴷⵉ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ), ⵜⴰⵡⵉⴳⵓⵔⵜ (ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ), ⵜⵓⵣⴱⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴱⵉⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵢⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⴰⵛⵓ ⴽⴰⵏ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵜⵜⵎⵛⴰⴱⵉ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵣⴰⵅⵉⵜ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⵉ ⴽⴰⵣⴰⵅⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ . ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵟⵔⴽⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵉ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ, ⵢⵔⵏⵓ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵜ , ⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵙⵇⴱⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵜ ⴰ

ⵜⵉⵏⵜⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

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ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵜⴻⵙⵄⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵏⵜⴰⵍⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴻⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ (ⵏoⵔⴷ) ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴻⵏⵥⵓⵍ (ⵙⵓⴷ). ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⴻⵖⵜ (ⵙⵜⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⴷ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⵓⴼⵔⴰⵔⴻⵏ ⵙⵉ ⵜⴻⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ-ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵣⴰⵅⵉⵜ, ⴷⵉ ⵍⵡⴻⵇⵜ ⵉ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴻⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴼ ⴷⴻⴳ-ⵙ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵉ ⵜⵓⵣⴱⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔ'ⴰⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴼⴰⵔⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⴳⵯⵉⴽⵉⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵙⵖⴻⵏⵜ

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ⴷⴷⵓⵔ') ⵏ ⵜⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⴻⵜⵜⵉ[ⴱⴻⴷⴷⴻⵍ] ⵅⴰⵙ ⵜⴻⵙⵙⴻⵇⴷⴻⵛ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⴰⴳⴻⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵄⵔ'ⴰⴱ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵖⴻⵣⵣⵉⴼⴻⵏ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵓⵎⴻⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵍⴰⵎⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓvⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵅⴷⴻⵎ ⵍⴻⵇⴷⵉⵛ ⵉ ⵍⵎⴻⵏⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵣⴻⵖ (ⵙⵜⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔⴷⵉⵙⴰⵜⵉoⵏ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⴰⴳⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴻⵇⴷⴰⵛ, ⵖⴻⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ, ⴷⴻⴳ ⵓⵙⴻⵍⵃⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵎⵓⵔ' ⵜⵉⵎⴻⵏⵚⴰⴱⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴻⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵓvⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ. ⴰⵙⵙ-ⴰ, ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵍⴻⵎⵎⴷⴻⵏ-ⵜⵜ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵛ ⴰⵍⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴻⵙⵏⴰⵡⵉⵜ (ⵍⵢⵛéⴻ). ⵎⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴻⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵙⴻⵍⵎⴻⴷ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ-ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⴻⵖ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ, ⵖⴻⴼ ⵍⴻⵃⵙⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵙⵏⵉ. ⴷⵉ 1926, ⴰⵍⴰ ⴽⴰⵏ 5% ⵙⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵣⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵔⴻⵏ ⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵡⴻⵇⵜ ⵉ ⴷⴻⴳ 67% ⵙⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵣⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵎⴻⵙⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰ ⴷⵉ 1970, ⵡⵡⴹⴻⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⴻⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵔⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ 100%, ⴷⵉ ⵍⵡⴻⵇⵜ ⵉ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵎⴻⵙⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵏⴻⵇⵙⴻⵏ-ⴷ ⵖⴻⵔ 44% ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ-ⵏⵏⵉ. ⴰⵏⴻⵛⵜ-ⴰ ⵢⴻⴹⵔⴰ-ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⴻⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵢⴻⵎⴷⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵢⴻⴳⴷⵓⴷⴻⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⵜⵜⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵖⴻⵔ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ, ⴷⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵓⵙⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵣⴻⴷⴷⵖⴻⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ-ⴰ ⵙⵉ ⵍⵇⴻⵔⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ 19, ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⵜⴻⵖⵍⵉ ⵙ ⴷⴷ! ⴰ ⵡ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵃⴽⴻⵎ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉ, ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵏ-ⴷ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴻⵎⴷⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⴻⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓvⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵎⴻⵔⵔ'ⴰ ⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴻⵏ-ⴰⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵙⴻⵇⴷⴰⵛⴻⵏ-ⵜⵜ ⵡⴰⴳⴰⵔ-ⴰⵙⴻⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵛⵓ ⴽⴰⵏ, ⵙⴻⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵜⴻⵡⵡⵉ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ-ⵉⵙ ⴷⵉ 1991, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ-ⴰ, ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵇⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵓⵙⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⵙⵉ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ. ⵎⴱⴻⵄⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 22% ⵙⴻⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⴻⵣⴷⴰⵖⴻⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⵙⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⴷⵉ 1990, ⵡⵡⴹⴻⵏ ⴷⵉ 2001 ⵖⴻⵔ 15%, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ (ⵉⵏⴼⵍⵓⴻⵏⵛⴻ) ⵎⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵜⴻǧⵀⴻⴷ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⴻⵜ ⵙⵉ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉǧⴻⵀⴷⴻⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⵓⵇⴱⴻⵍ ⵎⴰ ⵜⴻⴹⵔⴰ-ⴷ ⵜⴻⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴻⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴻⵙⵄⵉ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴻⵖⵎⵉⵙ. ⵎⴰ ⴷⵉ 1983, ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵜⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⵜⴻⵙⵄⴰ 61 ⵏ ⵢⴻⵖⵎⵉⵙⴻⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ 16 ⵏ ⵜⴻⵙⵖⵓⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⴼⴼⵖⴻⵏ 513 ⵏ ⵢⴻⴷⵍⵉⵙⴻⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵓⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙ-ⵏⵏⵉ. ⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⴻⵙⵄⴰ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵜⵉⵔⴻⴳⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵔⵔ'ⴰⴷⵢⵓ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⴱⵉⵣⵢⵓ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵎⴻⵙⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵉⵔⴳⵉⵣⵉⵜ.

ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

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