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Wp/tzm/ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

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ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

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ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ

ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ (ⴰⵙⵓⴼ: ⴰⵙⵄⴷⵉ; ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Saadiens, saadides), ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵃⴽⵎⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵙⴳ 1554 ⴰⵔ 1603. ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵙⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵓⴹⵄⵉⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ 1554, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵃⴰⵕⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵒⵓⵕⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴹⴹⴼⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵙⵉⵔⵜ (ⵛôⵜ) ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. ⴳ 1578, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⴱⴰⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵕⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⴰⴽⴽⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴼⵍⵉⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⴽⵍⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ. ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵇⵚⵔ ⵍⴽⴱⵉⵔ, ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵢⵙⵙⴰⵡⴹ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ-ⵢⵔⵏⵓ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵎⵎⵓⵜ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵒⵓⵕⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ, ⵙⴱⴰⵙⵜⵉⴰⵏ, ⵢⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ-ⵏⵏⵉ. ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴼⵍⵉⵒ ⵏ ⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍ, ⴰⴷ ⵢⵃⴽⵎ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵒⵓⵕⵜⵓⴳⴰⵍ. ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽ ⵢⵅⵍⴼ-ⵉⵜ-ⵉⴷ ⴳⵎⴰ-ⵙ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ. ⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ-ⴰ ⵢⵥⴷⵎ, ⴷⴳ 1591, ⵖⴼ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵃⴽⵎ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵣⵓⵜ (ⵜⵜⵊⴰⵕⴰ) ⵏ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ (ⵍⵖⵔⴱ) ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ. ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵃⵎⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵔ ⴷⴳ 1603, ⴱⴰⵏⵏ-ⴷ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵇⵇⵍⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ.