Wp/mos/Qoyllur Rit'i

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Qoyllur Rit'i
party
CountryPeru Tekre
Located in the administrative territorial entityCuzco Department Tekre
Country of originPeru Tekre
Award receivedGrand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru‎ Tekre
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Tekre
Described at URLhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00567, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00567, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00567 Tekre

Quyllurit'i bɩ Qoyllur Rit'i (Quechua quyllu rit'i, quyllu white bright, rit'i snow, "snow white bright, " ) yaa tũudum kibs sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa Sinakara Valley sẽn be Cusco sẽn be Peruu. Tẽngã neb sẽn be And rãmbã mii kibs-kãngã wa b sẽn maand ãdsã waoogr daarã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b maanda Pleiades ãdsã sẽn boond tɩ Qullqa, bɩ "bũmb b sẽn bĩng roogo", la sẽn tɩ loe ne tigisgã la yʋʋmd paalgã sẽn watã waoong kibsa. Pleiadesã pa le pukd d nifẽ tʋʋl-nif kiuugã, la b leb n pukd tʋʋl-nif kiuugã. Tẽns nins sẽn be goabg la goabg babgã pʋsẽ, b maanda yʋʋmd-paalgã kibs yʋʋmd-sar kiuugã, sẽn yaa waoodã wakat sẽn zems ne wĩntoogã sẽn be zĩig ningã. Nebã ra maanda kibs n tẽegd bõn-kãnga yʋʋm kobs la sã n pa yʋʋm tusa. Yaa yʋʋmd 2011 la b gʋls b sẽn na n maan tigr ninga, tɩ b boond tɩ UNESCO Cultural Heritage list. [1]

Sã n yaa ne katolik-rãmbã, kibsã yaa sẽn na yɩl n waoog Quyllurit'i Soaalã (Quechua: Taytacha Quyllurit'i, Spanish: Señor de Quyllurit'i) la a sɩnga yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã saabẽ. A Mariano Mayta sẽn da yaa tẽn-bilã pe-kɩɩm n wa n maan zoodo, ne rao a ye sẽn da yaa mestize, t'a yʋʋr boondẽ t'a Manuel, sẽn da be Qullqipunku tãngã zugu. A Manuel sẽn sõng-a wã yĩnga, a Mariano rũm-rãmbã paama arzɛk wʋsgo. Rẽ n so t'a ba wã tʋm-a Cusco t'a tɩ ra fu-paalg a Manuel yĩnga. A Mariano ra pa tõe n yã bũmb sẽn wõnd woto ye, bala b ra koosda fu-kãng n kõt arzɛg-kãsengã bal ye. B sẽn bãng rẽ wã, Cusco evɛkã tʋma neb tɩ b tɩ vaeese. B sẽn da wa n na n yõk a Manuel wã, a lebga tɩɩg sẽn tar Kirist sẽn ka da-pɩk zug bõn-naandg sẽn gãe a zugu. A Mariano sẽn da tagsdẽ tɩ arzɛgdã neb n sãam a zoa wã, a kii zĩig pʋgẽ. B mum-a-la pĩig tẽngre, tɩ rẽ wa lebg zĩig b sẽn boond tɩ Quyllurit'i wã Zu-soaba, bɩ "Zĩigã (Zĩigã) Saag Zu-soaba". B gʋlsa Kirist fot kug-kãngã zugu.

A Quyllurit'i kibsã boonda tẽn-kɩremsã neb tus wʋsgo, sẽn naag ne Paucartambo (Quechua-rãmb) sẽn yit tẽn-koomã babs sẽn be wẽnd-doogã rɩtgã, la Quispicanchis (Aymara-rãmb) sẽn yit rũm-kɩɩmbã babs sẽn be goabg la rɩtgã. Tẽns a yiibã fãa neb kẽnda kibsã yʋʋmd fãa, n wat ne neb wʋsg sẽn maand reem la yɩɩla. Neb sull a naas n be tɩ b tʋʋm yaa toor-toore: ch'unchu, qulla, ukuku, la machula. Neb nins sẽn wat tigis-kãnga wã sõor paasdame, tɩ b sʋka, yaa Peruu nin-bɛd la sãamb sẽn yit tẽn-zẽmsã.

Kibs-kãngã maanda yʋʋmd-bɩʋʋng kiuugã baasg bɩ a sɩpaolg kiuugã sɩngrẽ, sẽn na yɩl tɩ zems ne kiuugã sẽn pidã. Yaa semen a ye nand tɩ kiris-nebã maan Corpus Christi kibsã. Tʋʋmd sẽn maand be wã sʋka, yaa bõn-naands sẽn yaa sõma wã sẽn kẽnd n kẽnd n yɩɩdã, la reem sẽn be Quyllurit'i Soaalã roogã pʋgẽ la a gũbgẽ wã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa wĩndgã sẽn yi kiuugã sẽn pidã poore. Neb tus piiga n wõgemd n na n pʋʋs wĩndgã sẽn wa n yitẽ wã. Sẽn nan pa kaoose, yaa ukukus n da maand wẽnd-doogã tʋʋm-kãsenga. B ra rʋʋda ne koom-gɛtg n dʋ Qullqipunku, n wat n tall ra-pɩgs la koom-gɛtg n wa bĩng sor ning sẽn dabd wẽnd-doogã zĩigẽ wã. B tẽedame tɩ bõn-kãensã yaa tɩɩm sẽn tõe n maag bãase. Sẽn kẽed ne zũudã sẽn leegdã, a pa le rɩkd zũudã n sigd ye.

Sɩngr zĩig[edit | edit source]

Kibay toor-toor n be n wilgd kiillã sɩngre. Sẽn pʋgdã yaa vɛrse a yiibu: a yembr gomda sẽn deng Kolõmbã sɩngre, la a to wã yaa Katolik wẽnd-doogã vɛrse, a Ccatca tẽngã maan-kʋʋdã sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 1928 la 1946 sʋkã. [2]

Pre-Columbianã sɩngre[edit | edit source]

Inca rãmbã ra tũuda wĩntoogã la kiuugã siglg yʋʋmd tõre. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa kiuugã sẽn da kẽnd to-to wã n kɩt tɩ b ra tõe n bãng koodã la kibsã sẽn segd n yɩ wakat ninga. Kibs wʋsg n be sẽn tɩ loe ne rũmsã kɩɩbo, bõn-buud bʋdgo, la koodã tigisgu. Kibs nins sẽn tar yõod wʋsg wala Quyllurit'i, sẽn tõe n yaa kibs ning sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩdã, b ket n maand-a-la moon-vẽenem sasa.

Yaa kibs ning b sẽn boond tɩ Quyllurit'i wã n maand kiis a wãn loogr poore, Pleiades ãdsã sẽn yaa ãds a yopoe sẽn be zʋɩf-rãmbã ãdsã sẽn boond tɩ Taurus ãdsã pʋgẽ wã sã n wa menem n leb n pukd goabgã sẽn be goabgã babg goabgã. B sẽn da wa n na n kʋ-a wã, b ra maanda kibs n waoogd Pariacaca sẽn yaa koomã la sa-kãsengã wẽnnaamã. Yaa qarwa mita (qarwa sẽn dat n yeel tɩ wakat ning b sẽn na n wa ne koodã vãad sẽn yaa neɛlgã) wakatẽ.[3]

B sẽn boond tɩ unquy mita ne Quechua wã, a sẽn lebg n wa rasem 40 loogr poore,[4] yaa sẽn na n yɩlẽ n wilg tɩ tigr sẽn watã yaa wakat sẽn yaa sõma ne nin-buiidã. Inkas ãds mitbã ra boola Pleyades ãdsã tɩ Qullqa, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "bũmb b sẽn bĩngd b roogẽ", b buudã buud-gomd sẽn yaa Quechua pʋgẽ.

B sẽn yeel tɩ ãdsã sẽn pa le be yʋngã n leb n puk kiuug a yiib poore, wilgdame tɩ ninsaalbã sẽn be saasẽ wã[5]

Kibs ning sẽn boond tɩ Quyllurit'i wã paamda neb sẽn yɩɩd 10 000 yʋʋmd fãa, tɩ bãmb wʋsg yaa nin-buiid sẽn yit tẽn-kɩremsã pʋsẽ. B bee sull a yiibu: Paucartambo sẽn gomd Quechua, sẽn yaa neb sẽn yit tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn be wẽnd-doogã rɩtg-n-soaba, Cusco, Calca, Paucartambo la Urubamba provense wã; la Quispicanchis sẽn gomd Aymara, sẽn naag neb nins sẽn vɩ Acomayo, Canas, Canchis la Quispicanchi provense wã sẽn be goabg-n-soaba. Zĩ-gũudgã welgr leb n wilgda neb nins sẽn be Paucartambo wã sẽn yaa tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn yaa to-to, bala Quechuas wã rɩtda tẽn-kɩremsã, tɩ Quispicanchis yaa Aymara rãmb n be be, tɩ b vɩɩmã tikd rũms rũmbu, sẽn yɩɩd fãa alpaka la lama.

Dancers at Quyllurit'i. A ch'unchu performer can be seen behind and to the right of the child.
Festive costume of Qhapaq Qulla dancers
Dancers with the mountains Qullpiqunkpu and Sinaqara behind them.

Tẽn-bi-bɛd sẽn yit tẽns a yiibã fãa n kẽnd kaorengo yʋʋmd fãa n na n kẽng Quyllurit'i kibsã, tɩ tẽn-biis a yiibã fãa taoor dãmb tall Kirist bõn-naandg bilf n kẽng wẽnd-doogẽ wã. Ne taaba, sull-kãnga neb sõor yaa tus-n-dãmb la yɩɩl-n-dãmb sẽn yeelg fut buud a naase:

Ch'unchu: b sẽn da zãad tãb-biis la b ra zãad raadã, ch'unchus wã makda Amazõ weoogã neb sẽn be zĩ-sõngã rɩtgo. Bãngdb wʋsg n be n boond tɩ ch'unchu, tɩ sẽn yɩɩd fãa yaa wayri ch'unchu, sẽn yaa neb 70 koabg zugu.

Qhapaq Qulla: b sẽn yeelg "waq'ullu" sẽn yaa fuug b sẽn naan ne gãndgo, ne fuug sẽn yaa gãndgo, ne gãndg sẽn yaa gãndgo, la ne lamã gãndgo, qullasã makda Aymara nebã sẽn be Altiplano wã sẽn be zĩ-sõngã goabgã. Qulla wã yaa we-pugl we-pugli, tɩ ch'unchu wã yaa tẽng-n-biisi.

Ukuku: sẽn nan yɩll n yeelg fu-roog sẽn yaa lik la gãndg sẽn maan ne peendã, ukukusã (sẽn tar nin-peendã) makda zãmb dãmba. B gomda ne koe-kãsems la b maand zãmb wʋsgo, la b tara zɩɩb sẽn yaa kãseng n na n kɩt tɩ sorã zĩnd nin-kẽems tusr sʋka. Kẽer leb n kẽnda mogrã zug n na n tɩ gãand be. B kẽesa sa-kẽengã koom n tʋk b poorẽ n tall n kẽng b nebã nengẽ kibsã sasa. B sã n wa yiki, b tẽedame tɩ koomã yaa tɩɩm yĩnga la yam yĩnga. B rɩkda rẽ n maand koom sẽn yaa sõma wẽnd-dotẽ wã yʋʋmd ning sẽn pʋgdã pʋgẽ. Quechua mitolozi wã pʋgẽ, ukukus yaa pag ne we-rũng biig sẽn tar pãng sẽn yɩɩd ninsaal pãnga, tɩ nebã fãa zoet-ba. Yel-bũn-kãensã pʋgẽ, ukuku wã tõoga condénado, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ sɩɩg sẽn be kãab-wẽng pʋgẽ, n lebg koaad sẽn yaa mak-sõngo.

Machula: B sẽn yeelg nen-kɛglem, la b sẽn yeelg fu-rot sẽn tar zũnd-zãnd la b zãad tãb-biis n kẽndã, machulasã makda ñawpa machus wã, sẽn yaa pipi neb nins sẽn zĩnd And rãmbã pʋtẽ wã. Yaa wa ukukusã, b tara tʋʋmd sẽn pa wõnd a taab kibsã pʋgẽ, bala b yaa nin-sãams la nin-soodsã.

A Quyllur Rit'i leb n boonda neb sẽn yit Paucartambo la Quispicanchis buud toor-toor pʋsẽ. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1970 wã, neb wʋsg sẽn yit Peruu sẽn yaa nin-bɛd la sẽn tar ligd wʋsg n maand so-toakã, tɩ kẽer maand-a wakat a to n yɩɩd so-toak rãmb nins sẽn da maandẽ wã. Sẽn paasde, Amerik rɩtg la Erop tẽn-kɩrmsã neb sõor sẽn kẽed ne zũnd-zãndã me rιkame, n kɩt tɩ b yɛɛsdẽ tɩ zũnd-zãndã lebgda bũmb sẽn kẽed ne koosmã. Zĩ-kãnga la a kibsã sẽn tũud ne-a wã paama lisg yʋʋmd 2011 UNESCO sẽn boond tɩ Patrimoine culturel immatériel wã pʋgẽ.

Kibsã[edit | edit source]

Panoramic view of the festival, with sanctuary church of Sinaqara in background
One of the crosses along the road to the Quyllurit'i shrine

Tẽngã neb tusa n wat kibsã, tɩ kẽer yit zĩ-zãrgẽ wa Bolivi. Kiris-nebã kibsã yaa sull sẽn get Quyllurit'i Soaalã yell la b sigl-a. Segl-n-mengã sɩngda a Zezi sẽn zẽk n bas saasẽ wã kibsã sasa, wakat ning b sẽn na n tall Quyllurit'i Soaalã n yi a wẽnd-doogã sẽn be Mawallani wã n kẽng a Sinaqara wã.

Pãntekotã pipi daarã, neb a yiib-n-soab n tʋk tõnd ma-bi-poak a Fatima bõn-naandg sẽn yi Sinaqqara wẽnd-doogẽ wã n kẽng tãn-kẽengẽ n na n segl kibsã. Zĩigã neb wʋsg wat n taame Tãablem daarã, wakat ning b sẽn dɩkd sakr sẽn yaa sõma wã n kẽnd n gilgd wẽnd-doogã.

Vẽkembeoogo, b rɩka Qoyllur Rit'i naama n kẽng a Maari gãongẽ wã la b lebg n wa. Zĩigã neb geta rẽ wa pʋʋsg sẽn be a Zeova ne a Maari sʋka, n dat n gom Inkasã kibs a yiib sẽn yaa a Pariacaca la a Oncoy mita yelle. (Ges-y sõsg ning sẽn be yĩngrã.) Yʋng ning b sẽn boond tɩ daar a yiib-n-soabã, neb nins sẽn be we-rũngã pʋgẽ wã kẽeda taab n maand b sẽn dat wẽnd-doogã pʋgẽ.

Rasem a tãab-n-soabã yibeoogo, ukukus-rãmb n tigim taab n dʋʋd Qullqipunku sẽn yaa waoodgã zug n na n tɩ rɩk ra-pɩgs nins sẽn be a zugẽ wã. Uukus kẽer ra nong n kẽnda ne yʋng n na n zab ne zĩn-dãmbã. B leb n kẽesa koomã sẽn yaa wa zũudã, tɩ b tẽed t'a tara tɩɩm wʋsgo. Yaa ukukusã bal la b get tɩ b tõe n mao ne condendados wã, sẽn yaa sɩɩs nins b sẽn kãab kãab wẽngã sẽn be sa-kɛlengã zĩigẽ wã. Sã n yaa ne kibayã, ukukus sẽn yit tũudum toor-toorã ra kẽeda zab-n-taar sẽn yaa wa maandã pʋgẽ, la Katolik wẽnd-doogã ra gɩdga yel-kãngã. B sẽn maan misa wã poore, nin-kɩɩsdb wʋsg yii wẽnd-doogã pʋgẽ. sull a ye zãada Quyllurit'i soaalã n kẽng Tayankani n yaool n dɩk-a n leb Mawallani.

Kibs-kãng dengda Corpus Christi kibsã b sẽn maand yaoolem daarã sẽn pʋgl Tãablem a tãab daarã, la a bee ne-a wʋsgo.

Ges-y me[edit | edit source]

  • Peruu tũudmã
  • Sãnkrɛtismã

Sebr ning sẽn pʋgdã[edit | edit source]

  1. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 207–209.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Antoinette Molinié Fioravanti, Celebrando el Cuerpo de Dios (Corpus Christi Festival), Fondo Editorial PUCP, 1999, pp. 197-198(in Spanish)
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b Kris E. Lane, "Review: Carolyn Dean, Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cuzco, Peru ", Ethnohistory, Volume 48, Number 3, Summer 2001, pp. 544-546; accessed 22 December 2016
  4. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 49.
  5. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 49.
  6. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 49.
  7. ^ Dean, Inka Bodies, p. 210.
  8. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 217.
  9. ^ Allen, The hold life has, p. 108.
  10. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 222.
  11. ^ Randall, "Qoyllur Rit'i", p. 46.
  12. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 43.
  13. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 223.
  14. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 218.
  15. ^ Randall, "Qoyllur Rit'i", p. 43–44.
  16. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 220.
  17. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 223–224.
  18. ^ Dean, Inka bodies, pp. 210–211.
  19. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 215.
  20. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 225.
  21. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 225–226.
  22. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 226.
  23. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 227.
  24. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 227–228.
  25. ^ Randall, "Quyllurit'i", p. 44.
  26. ^ Randall, "Return of the Pleiades", p. 45.
  27. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 228.

Sɛb sõor[edit | edit source]

  • Allen, Catherine. The Hold Life Has: Coca and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988.
  • Ceruti, Maria Constanza. Qoyllur Riti: etnografia de un peregrinaje ritual de raiz incaica por las altas montañas del Sur de Peru (in Spanish)
  • Dean, Carolyn. Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cusco, Peru. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.
  • Randall, Robert. "Qoyllur Rit'i, an Inca fiesta of the Pleiades: reflections on time & space in the Andean world," Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Etudes Andines 9 (1–2): 37–81 (1982).
  • Randall, Robert. "Return of the Pleiades". Natural History 96 (6): 42–53 (June 1987).
  • Sallnow, Michael. Pilgrims of the Andes: regional cults in Cusco. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987.

Sebtiise[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/00567
  2. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Erl4gR5Kw30C&dq=el+turno+de+las+Pleyades&pg=PA198
  3. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Erl4gR5Kw30C&dq=el+turno+de+las+Pleyades&pg=PA198
  4. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Erl4gR5Kw30C&dq=el+turno+de+las+Pleyades&pg=PA198
  5. ↑ https://muse.jhu.edu/article/11737
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