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Qoyllur Rit'i
party
CountryPeru Tekre
Located in the administrative territorial entityCuzco Department Tekre
Country of originPeru Tekre
Award receivedGrand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru‎ Tekre
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Tekre
Described at URLhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00567, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00567, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00567 Tekre

Quyllurit'i bɩ Qoyllur Rit'i (Quechua quyllu rit'i, quyllu white bright, rit'i snow, "snow white bright, " ) yaa tũudum kibs sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa Sinakara Valley sẽn be Cusco sẽn be Peruu. Tẽngã neb sẽn be And rãmbã mii kibs-kãngã wa b sẽn maand ãdsã waoogr daarã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b maanda Pleiades ãdsã sẽn boond tɩ Qullqa, bɩ "bũmb b sẽn bĩng roogo", la sẽn tɩ loe ne tigisgã la yʋʋmd paalgã sẽn watã waoong kibsa. Pleiadesã pa le pukd d nifẽ tʋʋl-nif kiuugã, la b leb n pukd tʋʋl-nif kiuugã. Tẽns nins sẽn be goabg la goabg babgã pʋsẽ, b maanda yʋʋmd-paalgã kibs yʋʋmd-sar kiuugã, sẽn yaa waoodã wakat sẽn zems ne wĩntoogã sẽn be zĩig ningã. Nebã ra maanda kibs n tẽegd bõn-kãnga yʋʋm kobs la sã n pa yʋʋm tusa. Yaa yʋʋmd 2011 la b gʋls b sẽn na n maan tigr ninga, tɩ b boond tɩ UNESCO Cultural Heritage list. [1]

Sã n yaa ne katolik-rãmbã, kibsã yaa sẽn na yɩl n waoog Quyllurit'i Soaalã (Quechua: Taytacha Quyllurit'i, Spanish: Señor de Quyllurit'i) la a sɩnga yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã saabẽ. A Mariano Mayta sẽn da yaa tẽn-bilã pe-kɩɩm n wa n maan zoodo, ne rao a ye sẽn da yaa mestize, t'a yʋʋr boondẽ t'a Manuel, sẽn da be Qullqipunku tãngã zugu. A Manuel sẽn sõng-a wã yĩnga, a Mariano rũm-rãmbã paama arzɛk wʋsgo. Rẽ n so t'a ba wã tʋm-a Cusco t'a tɩ ra fu-paalg a Manuel yĩnga. A Mariano ra pa tõe n yã bũmb sẽn wõnd woto ye, bala b ra koosda fu-kãng n kõt arzɛg-kãsengã bal ye. B sẽn bãng rẽ wã, Cusco evɛkã tʋma neb tɩ b tɩ vaeese. B sẽn da wa n na n yõk a Manuel wã, a lebga tɩɩg sẽn tar Kirist sẽn ka da-pɩk zug bõn-naandg sẽn gãe a zugu. A Mariano sẽn da tagsdẽ tɩ arzɛgdã neb n sãam a zoa wã, a kii zĩig pʋgẽ. B mum-a-la pĩig tẽngre, tɩ rẽ wa lebg zĩig b sẽn boond tɩ Quyllurit'i wã Zu-soaba, bɩ "Zĩigã (Zĩigã) Saag Zu-soaba". B gʋlsa Kirist fot kug-kãngã zugu.

A Quyllurit'i kibsã boonda tẽn-kɩremsã neb tus wʋsgo, sẽn naag ne Paucartambo (Quechua-rãmb) sẽn yit tẽn-koomã babs sẽn be wẽnd-doogã rɩtgã, la Quispicanchis (Aymara-rãmb) sẽn yit rũm-kɩɩmbã babs sẽn be goabg la rɩtgã. Tẽns a yiibã fãa neb kẽnda kibsã yʋʋmd fãa, n wat ne neb wʋsg sẽn maand reem la yɩɩla. Neb sull a naas n be tɩ b tʋʋm yaa toor-toore: ch'unchu, qulla, ukuku, la machula. Neb nins sẽn wat tigis-kãnga wã sõor paasdame, tɩ b sʋka, yaa Peruu nin-bɛd la sãamb sẽn yit tẽn-zẽmsã.

Kibs-kãngã maanda yʋʋmd-bɩʋʋng kiuugã baasg bɩ a sɩpaolg kiuugã sɩngrẽ, sẽn na yɩl tɩ zems ne kiuugã sẽn pidã. Yaa semen a ye nand tɩ kiris-nebã maan Corpus Christi kibsã. Tʋʋmd sẽn maand be wã sʋka, yaa bõn-naands sẽn yaa sõma wã sẽn kẽnd n kẽnd n yɩɩdã, la reem sẽn be Quyllurit'i Soaalã roogã pʋgẽ la a gũbgẽ wã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa wĩndgã sẽn yi kiuugã sẽn pidã poore. Neb tus piiga n wõgemd n na n pʋʋs wĩndgã sẽn wa n yitẽ wã. Sẽn nan pa kaoose, yaa ukukus n da maand wẽnd-doogã tʋʋm-kãsenga. B ra rʋʋda ne koom-gɛtg n dʋ Qullqipunku, n wat n tall ra-pɩgs la koom-gɛtg n wa bĩng sor ning sẽn dabd wẽnd-doogã zĩigẽ wã. B tẽedame tɩ bõn-kãensã yaa tɩɩm sẽn tõe n maag bãase. Sẽn kẽed ne zũudã sẽn leegdã, a pa le rɩkd zũudã n sigd ye.

Sɩngr zĩig

Kibay toor-toor n be n wilgd kiillã sɩngre. Sẽn pʋgdã yaa vɛrse a yiibu: a yembr gomda sẽn deng Kolõmbã sɩngre, la a to wã yaa Katolik wẽnd-doogã vɛrse, a Ccatca tẽngã maan-kʋʋdã sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 1928 la 1946 sʋkã. [2]

Pre-Columbianã sɩngre

Inca rãmbã ra tũuda wĩntoogã la kiuugã siglg yʋʋmd tõre. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa kiuugã sẽn da kẽnd to-to wã n kɩt tɩ b ra tõe n bãng koodã la kibsã sẽn segd n yɩ wakat ninga. Kibs wʋsg n be sẽn tɩ loe ne rũmsã kɩɩbo, bõn-buud bʋdgo, la koodã tigisgu. Kibs nins sẽn tar yõod wʋsg wala Quyllurit'i, sẽn tõe n yaa kibs ning sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩdã, b ket n maand-a-la moon-vẽenem sasa.

Yaa kibs ning b sẽn boond tɩ Quyllurit'i wã n maand kiis a wãn loogr poore, Pleiades ãdsã sẽn yaa ãds a yopoe sẽn be zʋɩf-rãmbã ãdsã sẽn boond tɩ Taurus ãdsã pʋgẽ wã sã n wa menem n leb n pukd goabgã sẽn be goabgã babg goabgã. B sẽn da wa n na n kʋ-a wã, b ra maanda kibs n waoogd Pariacaca sẽn yaa koomã la sa-kãsengã wẽnnaamã. Yaa qarwa mita (qarwa sẽn dat n yeel tɩ wakat ning b sẽn na n wa ne koodã vãad sẽn yaa neɛlgã) wakatẽ.[3]

B sẽn boond tɩ unquy mita ne Quechua wã, a sẽn lebg n wa rasem 40 loogr poore,[4] yaa sẽn na n yɩlẽ n wilg tɩ tigr sẽn watã yaa wakat sẽn yaa sõma ne nin-buiidã. Inkas ãds mitbã ra boola Pleyades ãdsã tɩ Qullqa, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "bũmb b sẽn bĩngd b roogẽ", b buudã buud-gomd sẽn yaa Quechua pʋgẽ.

B sẽn yeel tɩ ãdsã sẽn pa le be yʋngã n leb n puk kiuug a yiib poore, wilgdame tɩ ninsaalbã sẽn be saasẽ wã[5]

Kibs ning sẽn boond tɩ Quyllurit'i wã paamda neb sẽn yɩɩd 10 000 yʋʋmd fãa, tɩ bãmb wʋsg yaa nin-buiid sẽn yit tẽn-kɩremsã pʋsẽ. B bee sull a yiibu: Paucartambo sẽn gomd Quechua, sẽn yaa neb sẽn yit tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn be wẽnd-doogã rɩtg-n-soaba, Cusco, Calca, Paucartambo la Urubamba provense wã; la Quispicanchis sẽn gomd Aymara, sẽn naag neb nins sẽn vɩ Acomayo, Canas, Canchis la Quispicanchi provense wã sẽn be goabg-n-soaba. Zĩ-gũudgã welgr leb n wilgda neb nins sẽn be Paucartambo wã sẽn yaa tẽn-kɩremsã sẽn yaa to-to, bala Quechuas wã rɩtda tẽn-kɩremsã, tɩ Quispicanchis yaa Aymara rãmb n be be, tɩ b vɩɩmã tikd rũms rũmbu, sẽn yɩɩd fãa alpaka la lama.

Dancers at Quyllurit'i. A ch'unchu performer can be seen behind and to the right of the child.
Festive costume of Qhapaq Qulla dancers
Dancers with the mountains Qullpiqunkpu and Sinaqara behind them.

Tẽn-bi-bɛd sẽn yit tẽns a yiibã fãa n kẽnd kaorengo yʋʋmd fãa n na n kẽng Quyllurit'i kibsã, tɩ tẽn-biis a yiibã fãa taoor dãmb tall Kirist bõn-naandg bilf n kẽng wẽnd-doogẽ wã. Ne taaba, sull-kãnga neb sõor yaa tus-n-dãmb la yɩɩl-n-dãmb sẽn yeelg fut buud a naase:

Ch'unchu: b sẽn da zãad tãb-biis la b ra zãad raadã, ch'unchus wã makda Amazõ weoogã neb sẽn be zĩ-sõngã rɩtgo. Bãngdb wʋsg n be n boond tɩ ch'unchu, tɩ sẽn yɩɩd fãa yaa wayri ch'unchu, sẽn yaa neb 70 koabg zugu.

Qhapaq Qulla: b sẽn yeelg "waq'ullu" sẽn yaa fuug b sẽn naan ne gãndgo, ne fuug sẽn yaa gãndgo, ne gãndg sẽn yaa gãndgo, la ne lamã gãndgo, qullasã makda Aymara nebã sẽn be Altiplano wã sẽn be zĩ-sõngã goabgã. Qulla wã yaa we-pugl we-pugli, tɩ ch'unchu wã yaa tẽng-n-biisi.

Ukuku: sẽn nan yɩll n yeelg fu-roog sẽn yaa lik la gãndg sẽn maan ne peendã, ukukusã (sẽn tar nin-peendã) makda zãmb dãmba. B gomda ne koe-kãsems la b maand zãmb wʋsgo, la b tara zɩɩb sẽn yaa kãseng n na n kɩt tɩ sorã zĩnd nin-kẽems tusr sʋka. Kẽer leb n kẽnda mogrã zug n na n tɩ gãand be. B kẽesa sa-kẽengã koom n tʋk b poorẽ n tall n kẽng b nebã nengẽ kibsã sasa. B sã n wa yiki, b tẽedame tɩ koomã yaa tɩɩm yĩnga la yam yĩnga. B rɩkda rẽ n maand koom sẽn yaa sõma wẽnd-dotẽ wã yʋʋmd ning sẽn pʋgdã pʋgẽ. Quechua mitolozi wã pʋgẽ, ukukus yaa pag ne we-rũng biig sẽn tar pãng sẽn yɩɩd ninsaal pãnga, tɩ nebã fãa zoet-ba. Yel-bũn-kãensã pʋgẽ, ukuku wã tõoga condénado, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ sɩɩg sẽn be kãab-wẽng pʋgẽ, n lebg koaad sẽn yaa mak-sõngo.

Machula: B sẽn yeelg nen-kɛglem, la b sẽn yeelg fu-rot sẽn tar zũnd-zãnd la b zãad tãb-biis n kẽndã, machulasã makda ñawpa machus wã, sẽn yaa pipi neb nins sẽn zĩnd And rãmbã pʋtẽ wã. Yaa wa ukukusã, b tara tʋʋmd sẽn pa wõnd a taab kibsã pʋgẽ, bala b yaa nin-sãams la nin-soodsã.

A Quyllur Rit'i leb n boonda neb sẽn yit Paucartambo la Quispicanchis buud toor-toor pʋsẽ. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1970 wã, neb wʋsg sẽn yit Peruu sẽn yaa nin-bɛd la sẽn tar ligd wʋsg n maand so-toakã, tɩ kẽer maand-a wakat a to n yɩɩd so-toak rãmb nins sẽn da maandẽ wã. Sẽn paasde, Amerik rɩtg la Erop tẽn-kɩrmsã neb sõor sẽn kẽed ne zũnd-zãndã me rιkame, n kɩt tɩ b yɛɛsdẽ tɩ zũnd-zãndã lebgda bũmb sẽn kẽed ne koosmã. Zĩ-kãnga la a kibsã sẽn tũud ne-a wã paama lisg yʋʋmd 2011 UNESCO sẽn boond tɩ Patrimoine culturel immatériel wã pʋgẽ.

Kibsã

Panoramic view of the festival, with sanctuary church of Sinaqara in background
One of the crosses along the road to the Quyllurit'i shrine

Tẽngã neb tusa n wat kibsã, tɩ kẽer yit zĩ-zãrgẽ wa Bolivi. Kiris-nebã kibsã yaa sull sẽn get Quyllurit'i Soaalã yell la b sigl-a. Segl-n-mengã sɩngda a Zezi sẽn zẽk n bas saasẽ wã kibsã sasa, wakat ning b sẽn na n tall Quyllurit'i Soaalã n yi a wẽnd-doogã sẽn be Mawallani wã n kẽng a Sinaqara wã.

Pãntekotã pipi daarã, neb a yiib-n-soab n tʋk tõnd ma-bi-poak a Fatima bõn-naandg sẽn yi Sinaqqara wẽnd-doogẽ wã n kẽng tãn-kẽengẽ n na n segl kibsã. Zĩigã neb wʋsg wat n taame Tãablem daarã, wakat ning b sẽn dɩkd sakr sẽn yaa sõma wã n kẽnd n gilgd wẽnd-doogã.

Vẽkembeoogo, b rɩka Qoyllur Rit'i naama n kẽng a Maari gãongẽ wã la b lebg n wa. Zĩigã neb geta rẽ wa pʋʋsg sẽn be a Zeova ne a Maari sʋka, n dat n gom Inkasã kibs a yiib sẽn yaa a Pariacaca la a Oncoy mita yelle. (Ges-y sõsg ning sẽn be yĩngrã.) Yʋng ning b sẽn boond tɩ daar a yiib-n-soabã, neb nins sẽn be we-rũngã pʋgẽ wã kẽeda taab n maand b sẽn dat wẽnd-doogã pʋgẽ.

Rasem a tãab-n-soabã yibeoogo, ukukus-rãmb n tigim taab n dʋʋd Qullqipunku sẽn yaa waoodgã zug n na n tɩ rɩk ra-pɩgs nins sẽn be a zugẽ wã. Uukus kẽer ra nong n kẽnda ne yʋng n na n zab ne zĩn-dãmbã. B leb n kẽesa koomã sẽn yaa wa zũudã, tɩ b tẽed t'a tara tɩɩm wʋsgo. Yaa ukukusã bal la b get tɩ b tõe n mao ne condendados wã, sẽn yaa sɩɩs nins b sẽn kãab kãab wẽngã sẽn be sa-kɛlengã zĩigẽ wã. Sã n yaa ne kibayã, ukukus sẽn yit tũudum toor-toorã ra kẽeda zab-n-taar sẽn yaa wa maandã pʋgẽ, la Katolik wẽnd-doogã ra gɩdga yel-kãngã. B sẽn maan misa wã poore, nin-kɩɩsdb wʋsg yii wẽnd-doogã pʋgẽ. sull a ye zãada Quyllurit'i soaalã n kẽng Tayankani n yaool n dɩk-a n leb Mawallani.

Kibs-kãng dengda Corpus Christi kibsã b sẽn maand yaoolem daarã sẽn pʋgl Tãablem a tãab daarã, la a bee ne-a wʋsgo.

Ges-y me

  • Peruu tũudmã
  • Sãnkrɛtismã

Sebr ning sẽn pʋgdã

  1. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 207–209.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Antoinette Molinié Fioravanti, Celebrando el Cuerpo de Dios (Corpus Christi Festival), Fondo Editorial PUCP, 1999, pp. 197-198(in Spanish)
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b Kris E. Lane, "Review: Carolyn Dean, Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cuzco, Peru ", Ethnohistory, Volume 48, Number 3, Summer 2001, pp. 544-546; accessed 22 December 2016
  4. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 49.
  5. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 49.
  6. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 49.
  7. ^ Dean, Inka Bodies, p. 210.
  8. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 217.
  9. ^ Allen, The hold life has, p. 108.
  10. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 222.
  11. ^ Randall, "Qoyllur Rit'i", p. 46.
  12. ^ Randall, Return of the Pleiades, p. 43.
  13. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 223.
  14. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 218.
  15. ^ Randall, "Qoyllur Rit'i", p. 43–44.
  16. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 220.
  17. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 223–224.
  18. ^ Dean, Inka bodies, pp. 210–211.
  19. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 215.
  20. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 225.
  21. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 225–226.
  22. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 226.
  23. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 227.
  24. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, pp. 227–228.
  25. ^ Randall, "Quyllurit'i", p. 44.
  26. ^ Randall, "Return of the Pleiades", p. 45.
  27. ^ Sallnow, Pilgrims of the Andes, p. 228.

Sɛb sõor

  • Allen, Catherine. The Hold Life Has: Coca and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988.
  • Ceruti, Maria Constanza. Qoyllur Riti: etnografia de un peregrinaje ritual de raiz incaica por las altas montañas del Sur de Peru (in Spanish)
  • Dean, Carolyn. Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cusco, Peru. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.
  • Randall, Robert. "Qoyllur Rit'i, an Inca fiesta of the Pleiades: reflections on time & space in the Andean world," Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Etudes Andines 9 (1–2): 37–81 (1982).
  • Randall, Robert. "Return of the Pleiades". Natural History 96 (6): 42–53 (June 1987).
  • Sallnow, Michael. Pilgrims of the Andes: regional cults in Cusco. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987.

Sebtiise

  1. ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/00567
  2. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Erl4gR5Kw30C&dq=el+turno+de+las+Pleyades&pg=PA198
  3. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Erl4gR5Kw30C&dq=el+turno+de+las+Pleyades&pg=PA198
  4. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Erl4gR5Kw30C&dq=el+turno+de+las+Pleyades&pg=PA198
  5. ↑ https://muse.jhu.edu/article/11737
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