Wp/mos/Pinisi
Sõngr sẽn yaa zaalem n yit Wikipedia pʋgẽ
| Subclass of | sailing ship  |
|---|---|
| Located in the administrative territorial entity | Makassar |
| Country of origin | Indonesia |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01197, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01197, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01197 |
Pinisi b) b sẽn boond tɩ rigging "tõnd sẽn maand yel-soalgã" tɩ yɩ Indonesian ramba sailing vessels . Piiniis tara sa-sẽn yaa a yopoe bɩ a nii n be gãnd a yiib zugu, b sẽn maand wa gaff-ketch sẽn yaa gãnd ne bũmb ning b sẽn boond tɩ "gãnd sẽn yaa kãn-kãe" - rat n yeel tɩ sã n yaa wa wagsã sẽn yaa kãnna, b pa pak gãnd a yiibã ye, b sẽn zẽk b gãndã n paas-ba, la b "tũud-b lame" wa gãndã sẽn yaa gãnda sẽn yaa gãn-kãnga sẽn be gãndã pʋga.
Wala sẽn yaa to-to Indonezi koom-koglgã wʋsg pʋsẽ, gom-biig ning sẽn yaa 'pinisi' wã yaa koglg buud a ye bal n wilgd tɩ koglg ning sẽn dɩkd koglg woto wã tara a meng meng meng ne-a. B ra tara koom-koglgã sẽn gomd Konjo wã, sẽn yaa Ara tẽng sẽn be Bontobahari soolmẽ wã, Bulukumba soolmẽ wã South Sulawesi wã tɩ o b tʋʋm ni Buginese la Makassarese. Yʋʋm nins sẽn deng tɩ Indonezi wã ra wa n lebg n tʋmd ne sobg sẽn yaa ne sobg n pa le tõe n dɩk koomã n tɩ looge, yʋʋm 1970-1980 wã, koom-koglgã sẽn da tũnugd ne pinisi rigã ra yaa Indonezi tẽms sẽn da yaa kãsenga.
Rũndã-rũndã, b pa tũnugd ne gom-biig ning sẽn yaa "pinisi" n gomd Indonezi koom-koglgã wʋsg yell ye. B sẽn da boond tɩ "phinis" wã yaa b sẽn dat n dɩk a gomdã sẽn yaa "phinis", sẽn yɩ pipi n dɩk a yʋʋrã n togs a sẽn da boond t'a "Phinisi Nusantara", yaa koom-koglgã sẽn da yaa toor-toorã sẽn da tar pãng n tʋmd ne koom-koglg sẽn yaa woto n da kẽnd Indonezi wã Expo 86 sẽn zĩnd Vancouver, Canada wã yʋʋmd 1986 wã.
A 'pinisi' yaa Indonezi koom-koglgã sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd nebã fãa. A lebga "Sõ-kãsengã sẽn be 'The Art of Boatbuilding in South Sulawesi' sẽn be UNESCO sẽn get bũmb nins sẽn be tẽngã pʋgẽ wã sẽn pa tar yõodã yell yʋʋmd 2017 Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Etymology la possible origin[edit | edit source]
Sẽn deng n beẽ, yaa tẽn-zẽmsẽ la tẽng zugẽ wã la b gomd gom-biig ning sẽn yaa 'pinisi' sẽn wilgd vẽeneg tɩ yaa Sulawesi koom-koglgã buud a yembr yell n be yʋʋmd 1917 soabã pʋgẽ, la b gʋlsd tɩ yaa "kẽng sẽn yaa koom-koglg sẽn yaa bũmbu, sẽn maand ne Europay nebã.[1] Sɩd me, b wilgame tɩ b ra tũnugda ne Europay-rãmbã sẽn yaa bẽn-gɛtbã n get Azi-Bĩng-dʋma wã koom-kogdbã sẽn beẽ wã hal yʋʋmd 19nd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a pipi wã, la yʋʋm kob-kãng sɩngrẽ bala, b ra tara koom-kogls wʋsg sẽn yit Sulawesi sẽn yaa bẽng ne bẽng-kãnga.[2] Hal tɩ ta yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sʋka, Sulawesi koom-koglgã taoor dãmb meng boondame b koom-koglgã tɩ palari, sẽn yaa koom-kogend sẽn zemsd ne piisi rigã sẽn get b sẽn tõe n tʋmã.[3]
Tẽns wʋsg pʋsẽ, b tara kibay wʋsg sẽn wilgd tɩ b pʋdga gom-biig ning b sẽn boond tɩ "pinisi" la b sẽn boond koom-koglgã buud toor-toor pĩndã. A Ara ne a Lemo-Lemo me sẽn yaa zĩ-kãnga sẽn yaa zĩiga a yiib-n-soabã me sẽn naan naan naan kogl koom-koglgã, b wilgame tɩ b bãngd koom-koglg me (tõnd sẽn yaa sor ning sẽn wilgd tɩ b naan naan naan naan tẽe pipi pinisi[4]) n wilg a Sawerigading sẽn yaa Bugsi zab-gʋlsdã Sureq Galigo nin-soab a ye: Sẽn na yɩl n da wa tõog n paag a zo-poak sẽn da wa n wa n nong a zo-puglã, b kõ a Saweridag koom-kogl sẽn yaa yel-solemd n na n kẽng zĩig ning b sẽn yet tɩ bi-pugl sẽn wõnd-a wã sẽn beẽ wã; a sã n kɩɩs a pʋlem tɩ a pa na n le wa ye, koom-koglã wã wã wã wãbame; a kogl, a gãnd-go, a tãmbã la a gãndã, sẽn da pak-b tẽn-kãens tãabo wã, b zãadame n lebg n tɩ naag n tɩ bẽng n maan koom-koglsã.[5]
Yaa vẽeneg tɩ b sẽn wa n gʋlsd seb-gʋlsdã pʋgẽ, a Sawerigading leb n lebg n wa a tẽngẽ wã n na n lebg tẽng zug naaba, a ne a pagã sẽn wa n wa yã wã.[6] B sẽn gʋls-b koom-koglgã la koom-koglg nins b sẽn gʋlsã yʋy yaa waka(q), wakka(q), wakang, wangkang, padewakang, joncongeng, banawa, pelapangkuru, binannong, pangati, and lopi.[7] A sẽn tall koom-koglgã n wa ne Sawerigading wã n kẽng Sɩna (pa Sɩna wã ye, la Tana Ugi, Ale Cina, sẽn be Zu-soabã South Sulawesi soolmẽ wã) a meng yʋʋr la waka Wélenrénngé (koglgã sẽn maan ne Wélenréng tɩɩg), a yaa tɩɩg a ye (dugout canoe), sẽn tar n zãad-a ne b sẽn tõe n yiis-a wã la b sẽn tõe t'a yɩ a soaba.[8][9] La b tõe n yeelame tɩ "bãngr-rãmbã sõngda Bontobahari nebã tɩ b rɩk koom-koglgã me n yɩ b vɩɩmã,[...] la b wilg tɩ b tara sor n na n dɩt koglgã".[10] Sen sɩng ne yʋʋm 1970 wã, b wilga gom-biig ning "pinisi" sɩngrẽ bũmb wʋsg sẽn wilgd rẽ. Yaa woto: a I Mangnginyarrang Daéng Makkiyo sẽn yaa Makassan tẽnga naab n boond a koom-koglgã t'a gom gom-biis a yiibu wã n yeel tɩ "picuru" (tõnd sẽn dat n yeel tɩ mak-sõngo) la "panisi" (tẽnda zĩm sẽn yaa bõne, sẽn yaa nin-tɩrs la sẽn yaa kãn-kãe koom zugu, la ko-koglgã pa namsd-b ye).[11] Vɛrse a to yeelame tɩ yʋʋr ning sẽn boond tɩ pinisi yita gom-biig ning sẽn boond t'a panisi (Bugis gom-biig sẽn dat n yeel tɩ kẽes), wall a mappanisi (kẽng), sẽn dat n yeelame tɩ b kẽesd bũmb pʋgẽ. [1] B pʋd n yeelame tɩ gom-biigã yita Itali tẽnga yʋʋr sẽn boond tɩ Venise, zĩig ning Bira tẽn-tẽngã koom-kogendã ra koosda bõn-naandse, la b ra yãda koom-koglgã sẽn yaa ne ketch-rigged; wall zĩig ning b sẽn da 'maand' koglg koglgã, n kɩt tɩ b pʋd yʋ-kãng Sulawesi wã. La b pa wilg tɩ b sẽn yeel tɩ b yaa nin-buiidã ye.
B sẽn da tõe n bãng koom-koglgã yʋʋr la a buud sẽn yitẽ wã, b goma a R.S. Ross sẽn da yaa Britãnd Soog-Indɩ Kompanjã sẽn da tʋmd koom-koglg n boond tɩ Phlegeton wã sẽn da wa n wa n tɩ moon-a yʋʋmd 1846 wã, a sẽn wa n tɩ be Kuala Terengganu, Malezi wã, tɩ b yã koom-koglga sẽn da yaa koom-kogl sẽn da be zĩig ning b sẽn da tʋmdã. "Bɩb kẽer n zãms koom-koglã meegrã sẽn be Singapor, la b ra paamda Sɩngra tẽn-tẽngã meegbã sõngre". Malayse traditions pronounce that this schooner was built on behalf of Baginda Omar, the Sultan of Terengganu (reigned 1839-1876), possibly either under the direction of or with considerable help by a German or French beachcomber who had "raabd Terengganu, ne rot a Malacca and Singapore, n baood "opium cum dignitate", n lebg 'Malay schooner' archetype: Terengganu pinas/pinis, rũndã-rũndã sẽn zãad batten-lug yel-bũnd n tãag yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã, b ra maanda a taab wa gaff-chetch.
La wakat kãng bala, Nizo-rɛland rãmb sɩngame n yãend koom-koglgã sẽn yaa toor-toorã sẽn be tẽng zug n tʋmdẽ, tɩ b sẽn gʋls tɩ "penisch", "pinisch" bɩ "phinis" (!) tɩ yaa Malɛɛzi Arkipelag rɩtgẽ wã naaba. Tõe tɩ gom-biigã meng yita Neerlandi, Alemayn bɩ Frans gom-biisẽ wã, n yaa "pinasse" bɩ "penicé", sẽn da yaa koom-koglgã sẽn yaa bilf bɩ sẽn yaa kãsenga, la sẽn pa be b sẽn da yet tɩ b pʋd-a to-to wã yʋʋr ye.
General description[edit | edit source]
A Pinisi rigã tara yel-bɛd a yopoe la a nii sẽn be gãnd a yiib zugu, rat n yeel tɩ yel-bɛdã a tãabã (Konjo, sẽn yaa Bontobahari koom-koglgã tigisdbã goama, kocoroq) sẽn be gãnda (anjong), gãnda la gãnda n be gãnda zugu (sombalaq bakka la tampaseqreq), gãnda ne gãnda ne kãnda n be bãnda (somba rilaq boko la tampasequreq ri boko), la kãnda yaa kogend-rãmbã sʋka. Sã n yaa ne yel-yãgse, koom-koglgã sẽn yaa ne piinisi wã wõnda bũmb ning b sẽn boond tɩ "gaff- (spooner) ketch" wã. "Schooner" yaa bũmb sẽn yaa sõma, bala, a yel-yãgdbã fãa yaa "gõosg la b sẽn na n wa n wa n kẽng taoor", rat n yeel tɩ b yaa b sẽn be n pʋgd ne gãnd a yiib zug n be gãnd a yiibã zug n yaa trapezoid la b gãnd ne 'gaff' (spaar nins sẽn be gãndã zugã); "ketch", tɩ bõe, mizzen wã ka tar pãng wa gãndã. La sã n wa n wa n kẽe ne a gãagã, b sã n wa yãgsẽ, b sãnda ne 'Western' ketches wʋsg sẽn yaa toor-toorã. B pa tõe n bas-a bɩ n zẽk a gãagrã ne a gãaga ye. B sẽn boond tɩ "maand" la "mizzen" yel-bila wã, yaa sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd a taabã n getẽ. B sẽn getẽ tɩ b yaa wa gãndã, b rɩkda b mens n dɩkd-b n paas n dɩkd b mens n kõ-b.
B pa tõe n kõ-a b sẽn na n zãad-a wã n kõ-b ye. B sẽn maand woto wã, b rɩtda b sẽb-n-tɩrsã n get b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã. Sẽn yaa pipi koom-koglgã sẽn tar pissi rigã, b sẽn boond tɩ piis-kãsenga sẽn yaa a tẽngre wã yaa tãb-bi-pʋʋg sẽn tar kareng sẽn yaa wa kareng sẽn be tãb-bil a yiibã sʋka. Sẽn yaa-b paalmã, b rɩkda bi-pʋʋga, la b leb n dɩkda tɩɩg sẽn yaa bĩng n loe ne bĩngã. Nebã sẽn da gãnegd b gãndã, b ra gãnda b gãndbã. B sẽn da gãd gãndã, b gãnda gãndã ne gãndã la gãndã sẽn yaa "Western" modẽ; b gãnda bãndã ne tãb-biis sẽn dɩkd b zĩ-gãndã zĩigã, la b gãnda taab ne gãnd-biis b sẽn gãd gãnda.
B ra ratame tɩ b raag ne sobg sẽn pa tar moor ye, la b ra yaa ne sobg n pa tar sobg ye. Pipi piinisi-rigã ra tara sobg sẽn yaa kãsenga n yɩɩd sẽn da be koom-koglgã zug sẽn da zãad-b ne sobg to-to wã, la b da boond-b-la "phinisi": B ra tara sobgã, la b sẽn tar b nao-rãmba, la sobg-koglgã taoor sobg segd n gãnda b gãn-n-to-to-soor zug, la b segd n gãneg-a-la sobg sẽn be b poorẽ wã zugu, yaa timbang layaraq (sobg-koglg ning sẽn boond tɩ "sobg-sobg" wã), n tõog n kog kog koglg koglgã sẽn yaa b sẽn zãad-a to-to-ato LOD; sã n dat n tõog n kẽe gãagã zug n yik n yik n yi bẽdgẽ, a segd n yɩɩgame n zems a sẽn be bẽdgã n kẽng bẽdg-n-tɩrsã.[12]
Hull totoe[edit | edit source]
Bãagrã sẽn tũnugd ne Pinisi rigã yaa buud a yiib n be.[13]
- Palari. A Piiniisi buud sẽn yaa pĩndã, a sẽn tar a poorẽ n sobd n tar a gãagã. B ra yaa kẽere n yɩɩd Lamba wã, la b ra tũnugda ne karẽn-biis a yiib sẽn be b poorẽ wã. Yaa ne koom-koglgã sẽn da yaa n tar pãng n yɩɩd koom-koglgã, la yaa ne koom-koog sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tar pãng n pa tõe n zãad-a ye.
- Lambo hull with pinisi rig. A Pinisi sẽn yaa gãn-n-taag la sẽn yaa gãndga, n tar gãn-to-to-goam sẽn yaa tɩrga. A Pinisi wã yaa a sẽn yaa a sẽn da tar motorã n ket n vɩ wã. B ra tũnugda ne b sẽn da yaa b sẽn da maand bũmb n pa tar b sẽn da tar b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ningã.
Ko-kãsengã sẽn da yaa koom-koglgã (palari) sẽn da yaa ne piisi wã yaa metr 15,24 n ta metr 21,34 n ta zĩ-no-kãsengã, la koom-koglg sẽn tar koom-koglem sẽn yaa metr 10,36 n ta metrã 13,11[14] n ta zĩno-no-no. : 112-113 Paar sẽn yaa bilfã yaa bal mitr 10 bal n ta.[15] Yʋʋmd 2011 wã, b maana PLM sẽn yaa kãsenga ne pinisi n naan n maan Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. A tara a kaoosg sẽn ta mɛtri 50 la a zãag sẽn ta mɛttri 9, a sẽn tõe n tall a ton 500 bɩ.[16][17]
Kibaré[edit | edit source]
Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã pʋgẽ, Sulawesi wã koom-koglgã tʋmtʋmdbã sɩngame n naag taab n dɩkd b sẽn da boond tɩ tanja wã ne b sẽn da dɩkd b n maand b sẽn da maand n maand b tʋʋmdã. A Pinisi yii a Padewakang sẽn da yaa a sẽn da tar a taoor-n-tɩrgã n lebg a sẽn da tara a sẽn da yaa "pinisi rig" wã. Yʋʋm kobs kãensã pʋsẽ, Indonezi koom-koglgã taoor dãmb la koom-kogendb ra toeemda bũmb kẽer sẽn da yaa Western-dãmbã koom-koglgã pʋgẽ. B ra tagsdame tɩ b ra naan n maana Sulawesi pipi pinisi wã yʋʋmd 1906 wã Ara ne Lemo-Lemo koom-koglgã taoor dãmb sẽn naan n naan pipi penisiq n kõ Bira taoor soaba.[18]
Pipi, b ra rɩkda koom-koglgã koglg n dɩkd a Padewakang koglg n kõ-a, la baasgo, koom-koglgã tʋmda ne palari koglg sẽn yaa tao-tao. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b yaa karga, la karga wã sẽn be b sẽn be wã yaa karga. B ket n tũnugda ne gãnd-n-ta-soab sẽn yaa tãnsãb-n-soab n pa tar bã-n-tɩrsã ye.
Yʋʋmd 1930 wã tɛka, koom-koglgã rɩka sor a ye n boond tɩ nade sail, sẽn yit tɩ b yiisd-a ne gãndb la b sẽn da tʋmd ne tɩbls sẽn be Indonezi soolmã sẽn be tẽnsẽ wã, tɩ b ra baood pɛls la b ra tʋmd ne teed sẽn yaa kãn-kãe. Yʋʋmd 1970 wã pʋgẽ, b ra tara moor wʋsg n paas n na n dɩka lambo. B sẽn da yãkd koom-koglgã n na n tɩ sõng-a lame, b yiisda koom-koglg kẽer tɩ b pa tõe n bas tɩ b gãd koom-koɛɛg ye. B boond koom-koglgã woto tɩ Perahu Layar Motor (PLM) - Motorized Sailing Vessel.
Yʋʋm nins sẽn pʋglã pʋgẽ, pinisi koglgã koglg pãng paasame n ta ton 300 sẽn zems. B ra tara koom-koglgã b sẽn da boond tɩ nide wã n maand koom-koglg sẽn yaa kãsenga, la koom-kogl-koglgã ra tũnugda ne pinisi rig. La b sẽn da wa n dɩkd b motorã n na n kɩt tɩ b gãdg n wa n yaa bilfã yĩnga, b ra tũnugda ne yel-bõonegã n maand yel-sõngo.
Design and construction[edit | edit source]
B pʋdga buginese wã yʋy b sẽn boond tɩ pinisi wã zĩis wʋsgo, wala:
- Anjong, (dãmb sõor sẽn yaa tãnsãasg) sẽn be taoor-tẽngã (Anjungan)
- Sombala, (sẽn yaa gãnd yel-bila) yaa koom-koglgã
- Tanpasere wã sẽn yaa gãnd n yɩɩd a taabã, (sɩɩg-bil sẽn yaa tãs-bil sẽn ya to-to wã) yaa gãnd sẽn yaa tãn-bil sẽn be gãnd a yembr zug a yembr a yembr a yembre
- Cocoro pantara (sẽn n yaa taoor-tẽnga)
- Cocoro tangnga (sẽn-kãnga yel-bila),
- Tarengke (sẽn ne a taab yel-bila
A Masã tʋʋmde[edit | edit source]
Rũndã-rũndã, b tũnugda ne pinisi n tʋmd ne teed sẽn yaa ko-koɛɛg n yɩɩd tẽn-zẽmsã fãa, n dɩkd tɩɩs n yi Kalimantan n kẽng Java. A Pinisi taa n kẽngda tẽn-tẽnsã sẽn yaa tẽn-tẽns sẽn yaa tẽnsa sẽn yaa zĩig ning b sẽn boond tɩ Sunda Kelapa sẽn be Jakarta, Surabaya, Banjarmasin la Makassar.
Wala sẽn yaa to-to ne koom-koglgã buud toor-toore, b kõo piisi wã motorã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa yʋʋmd 1970 wã tɛka. Woto kɩtame tɩ koom-koglgã wẽneg n toeemame. Sẽn na yɩl n mak ne rũms nins sẽn yaa moasã wã, b kɩtame tɩ b boog b gãndã, wall b bas tɩ b bas tɩ gãndã sẽn yaa b sẽn da tarã fãa loogame. Yʋʋmd 1970 wã sɩngrẽ wã, koom-koglgã sẽn da tar ton 200 n yɩɩd sẽn da yaa nin-tʋʋmd sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tʋmd ne koom-koglg n yaa b sẽn boond tɩ pinisi-palari wã ra yaa nin-kãens n da yaa nin -tʋʋmd n yaa nin-toog sẽn da yaa n yɩɩd dũniyã gill zugu.[19]
Tẽns sãamb dãmb n dɩkd pinisi wã n na n dɩk-b n tɩ lebg koom-koglgã.[20] Kɩbar a ye sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd yaa koom-koglgã sẽn boond tɩ pinisi wã sẽn da yaa zĩig ning b sẽn da boond tɩ The Amazing Race wã.
Bé pa mi bũmb nins sẽn yaa sõma ye[edit | edit source]
Neb wʋsg sẽn tagsd tɩ b pa segd n maan bũmb a to to wã pa segd n yɩ wa b sẽn maand to-to wã ye:
- Pinisi yaa koom-koglgã buud a ye. A Pinisi yaa saagd-rɩtgo, sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn naag ne saagd-n-taag ne saagdã. Yaa koom-koglgã la b boond tɩ pinisi.[15]
- Pinisi sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1400 wã, Pinisi ra bee be yʋʋm kobs-gĩnd wʋsgo. Pinisi gãagã ra beẽ bal n tãag 1900 soabã. Yʋʋm kobs sẽn looge.[15]
- Pinisi wã koom-koglgã kẽnga Venice sẽn be Italya wã. B sẽn maan vaeesg sẽn kẽed ne pĩnd wẽndẽ nin-buiidã sẽn be Dutch East Indies la Italy wã, b pa yãend tɩ b ra zoe n yãend-b-la ne koom-koglgã ye.[15]
- A Pinisi yaa tẽng zug ned sẽn naanã.Sɩda, piini rigã makda Europay nebã sẽn maand wa b sẽn da maand wa b ra-kãnga.[21] 37 B sẽn maand to-to wã yaa b sẽn na n dɩkd-a to-to: b sẽn maand b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n dɩk b sẽn naagd-a to wã, b yaa b sẽn maand to - to n dɩkd to-to n dɩkd a to wã n dɩkd n kẽng n kẽng n tɩge.[15]
- Piinisi yaa Makassar dãmba la Buginese rãmb n me koom-koglgã B yaa Bira, Ara, Lemo-Lemo, la Tana Beru neb sẽn yaa Konjo buudã n naan-b-la.[21]
Ges-y me[edit | edit source]
Sebtiise[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Vuuren, L. Van 1917. 'De Prauwvaart van Celebes'. Koloniale Studien, 1,107-116; 2, 329-339, pg. 108.
- ↑ https://www.academia.edu/35875533/Pinisi_Terciptanya_Suatu_Ikon
- ↑ Gibson-Hill, C. A. (2009 [1950a]). 'The Indonesian Trading Boats Reaching Singapore.' In H.S. Barlow (ed.) Boats, Boatbuilding and Fishing in Malaysia [Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 23 (1)]. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: 43-69 [108-138], pgs. 52f [121].
- ↑ See, e.g., Borahima, Ridwan et al. (1977). Jenis-Jenis Perahu Bugis Makassar. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Media Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, pp. 26f vs. Horridge, A. (1979). The Konjo Boatbuilders and the Bugis Perahu of South Sulawesi. Greenwich: National Maritime Museum, p. 10
- ↑ E.g., Pelly, U. (2013 [1975]). Ara dengan Perahu Bugisnya. Medan [Ujung Pandang]: Casa Mesra Publisher [Pusat Latihan Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Hasanuddin], pp. 21ff; Saenong, M. A. (2013). Pinisi: Paduan Teknologi dan Budaya. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak, pp. 11ff.
- ↑ Liebner, Horst H. (2003). 'Berlayar ke Tompoq Tikkaq: Sebuah Episode La Galigo'. In Nurhayati Rahman and et al. (eds.), La Galigo, Makassar: Pusat Studi La Galigo, pp. 373-414.
- ↑ https://www.academia.edu/35282364
- ↑ Horridge, A. (1979), p. 10
- ↑ https://www.pinisi.org/SumberLisan.html
- ↑ Horridge, A. (1979), p. 10
- ↑ Koro, Nasaruddin (2006). Ayam Jantan Tanah Daeng: Siri' dan Pesse dari Konflik Lokal ke Pertarungan Lintas Batas. Ajuara.
- ↑ Liebner, Horst H. (1992). Die Terminologie des Schiffsbaues und der Seefahrt im Konjo, einer Sprache Süd-Sulawesis. Köln: Malaiologischer Apparat des Orientalischen Instituts der Universität zu Köln, p. 56
- ↑ http://www.kastenmarine.com/phinisi_history.htm
- ↑ Gibson-Hill, C.A. (February 1950). "The Indonesian Trading Boats reaching Singapore". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 23: 108–138 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 https://www.academia.edu/35282364
- ↑ https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2011/11/13/1416463/wow.kapal.pinisi.rp.4.miliar.diluncurkan?page=all
- ↑ https://www.kompasiana.com/islamrasional79.blogspot.com/5509bdcea33311f2542e3bc3/kapal-phinisi-terbesar-jadi-milik-polandia
- ↑ Liebner, Horst H. and Rahman, Ahmad (1998): 'Pola Pengonsepan Pengetahuan Tradisional: Suatu Lontaraq Orang Bugis tentang Pelayaran ', Kesasteraan Bugis dalam Dunia Kontemporer (Makassar).
- ↑ https://www.academia.edu/7780936/Perahu-Perahu_Tradisional_Nusantara_Suatu_Tinjauan_Perkapalan_dan_Pelayaran_-_-_Ini_sudah_agak_outdated_ada_tulisan_barunya_Beberapa_Catatan_akan_Sejarah_Pembuatan_Perahu_dan_Pelayaran_Nusantara_
- ↑ https://www.yachtcharterindonesia.com/
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Liebner, Horst H. (2016). Beberapa Catatan Akan Sejarah Pembuatan Perahu Dan Pelayaran Nusantara. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
Sẽn paase[edit | edit source]
- G. A Adrian Horridge, Konjo koglg meebã la Bugis Prahus sẽn be Sulawesi goabgã, National Maritime Museum, London 1979.
- Yʋʋmd 2004 Horst H. A Liebner, Malayologist, Agence for Marine and Fisheries Research, Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia bãngdb sullã
- www.pinisi.org, Indones buud-gomdã pʋgẽ
Zems-n-taase[edit | edit source]
- A Horst Liebner sebre sẽn gomd Indonezi batayo la batayo rãmb yelle
- A Peter Loud sẽn maan fotã sẽn wilgd pinisi sẽn be Paotere koom koglgẽ wã.
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