Wp/mos/Haenyeo
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Haenyo_8101.jpg/220px-Haenyo_8101.jpg)
McCune-Reischauer romanization | Haenyŏ ![]() |
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Revised Romanization | Haenyeo ![]() |
Country | South Korea ![]() |
Located in the administrative territorial entity | Jeju Island ![]() |
Country of origin | South Korea ![]() |
Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, National Intangible Cultural Heritage in South Korea ![]() |
Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01068, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01068, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01068, https://english.cha.go.kr/chaen/search/selectGeneralSearchDetail.do?mn=EN_02_02&sCcebKdcd=17&ccebAsno=01320000&sCcebCtcd=ZZ&pageIndex=1&ccebKdcd=17&ccebCtcd=, https://www.heritage.go.kr/heri/cul/culSelectDetail.do?ccbaCpno=127ZZ01320000 ![]() |
Haenyeo (b leb n gʋlsda a haenyo) (hãngl: 해녀; sẽn yaa "po-poak pagba") yaa pagb sẽn kẽed koom-koglgã pʋgẽ, Koore-Dĩng soolmã Jeju soolmẽ wã. B sẽn paamd b yõor yõor yaa b sẽn paamd koom-koglg buud toor-toore, koom-kogend la bõn-buud a taab sẽn be ko-kãsengã pʋgẽ. B sẽn boond-b tɩ Haenyeo wã yaa Jeju zak rãmb sẽn yaa neb sẽn pa tar b mens ye.[1][2]
Tʋʋm-kãsems
[edit | edit source]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Korea-Jeju-Haenyeo-06.jpg/220px-Korea-Jeju-Haenyeo-06.jpg)
Naoor wʋsgo, kom-bɩɩsã sɩngame n zãmsd b mens n boond tɩ Haenyeo b sẽn wa n tar yʋʋm 11. Sẽn sɩng ne koom sẽn pa zãadã, karen-biisã kẽnda zĩ-zĩis sẽn yaa toog n yɩɩd pʋsẽ. Yʋʋm a yopoe la a sẽn zãms-a wã poore, b ra getẽ tɩ yaa "tõnd sẽn zems zãng" la a yaa Haenyeo.[3] Rũndã-rũndã, Haenyeo sẽn tar yʋʋm 80 n yɩɩd yaa sẽn yɩɩd yʋʋm 66 la b be koomẽ.[4]
Sẽn yaa to-to fãa, Haenyeo tʋʋm-teedã yaa yel-bũud sẽn yaa wa ne koom-koglg, koom-koglgã maasmẽ, nug-bõoneg, nug-biis[5], kug-koglg sẽn yaa wa b sẽn na n sõng-b tɩ b kẽ koom-koglem pʋgẽ, la zĩm sẽn be a L-bõone, la b sẽn gãnegd zĩm sẽn yaa b sẽn na yɩl n dɩk koom-kogl n tɩge.[6] A Haenyeo wã zãmsa b zĩm-gãongã zĩ-kãens pʋgẽ hal tɩ b tõog n dɩka b yõor daarã.[7]
A Haenyeo wã sẽn be koomẽ wã bee ne wakat ning b sẽn be wã. Sẽn deng tɩ b ra tõe n dɩk b sẽn na n zãad b koomã, b ra nong n bẽed b sẽn na yɩl n paam koomã, la b ra tõeeme n zãad koomã wakat fãa n kaoos wakat sẽn ta lɛɛr a ye. La sa-wug a ye poore, b yi koomẽ n zĩnd bugumã sɛɛgẽ n gũs n sa. B sã n wa bas koomã, b leb n leb n kẽnga koomẽ n kaoos sa-yend a ye. La yʋʋm-soabẽ, b ra bee koomẽ n pa kaoos n kaoos lɛɛr a tãabo. A Haenyeo sẽn wa n dɩkd b sẽn na n dɩkd koomã n na n dɩk b sẽn na yɩl n paam koomã, a bãngame tɩ b tõe n zĩnda koomẽ n kaoos lɛɛr a nu bɩ a yoob wakat fãa, baa sẽoogẽ.[8]
B sã n wa n kẽed koomẽ, b tõe n kẽe n kẽe zĩig sẽn zãre n ta mɛtɛɛr 30 n tõog n yõk b nɩm n yɩɩd minit a tãab.[9][10] B tigsda b sẽn tigimdã: bẽedã, bẽedgã, bẽdgã, b bẽedg sẽn yaa bẽedga, bẽdg sẽn yaa bĩisgã, b sẽn yaa b bẽdga, b b bẽdgga, b sẽn boond tɩ sargazum, bẽdb la bẽdgo, bẽdsgã, b sãn-bẽdga.[11][12][13][14][15][16] A sẽn yaa a Zezi karen-biisã, a Zezi ra yaa nin-buiidã.[17][18]
Kibsa
[edit | edit source]Jeju sẽn kẽed ne koomã koglg wakat yɩɩ yʋʋmd 434 sẽn looge.[19] Sɩngrẽ wã, pagb n da yaa gãndb bal n da tʋmd koomẽ wã.[20] A Zezi sẽn yeel tɩ pagbã yaa b sẽn kẽed n kẽed koomẽ wã, b wilgame tɩ b yaa "rãmba".[21]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Korea-Jeju-Haenyeo-05.jpg/220px-Korea-Jeju-Haenyeo-05.jpg)
Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 18 soabã tɛka, pagb sẽn da lʋɩt koomẽ wã, b sẽn boond tɩ haenyeo wã ra yɩɩd pagb sẽn da kẽed koomẽ wã.[22] Bũmb toor-toor n tõe n sõng-d tɩ d bãng rẽ. Wala makre, yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 17 soabã pʋgẽ, pagb wʋsg ki-la koom-koglgã pʋgẽ zabr yĩnga, wall zĩ-yũudg sẽn maan koom-koglg pʋgẽ.[23] A leb n wilgda rẽ tɩ pagbã tara yĩn-kãsems sẽn yaa kãsenga n yɩɩd rao wã, n kɩt tɩ b tõe n tʋm koom sẽn yaa yɩlemdã pʋgẽ.[24] Yʋʋmd 18th yʋʋm-gĩndẽ sebr a ye wilgame tɩ b ra tara yõor yaood ne b sẽn da pa tar kamb n kõ-ba. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ pag wʋsg kẽed koom-koglgã pʋgẽ tɩ b pa tar bi-ribl ye.[25]
La b sẽn wa n maandẽ wã, b ra yaa pagb n da maandẽ. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yʋʋmd 1910 wã, Japon nebã sẽn wa n kolõg Kore wã poore, b ra maanda woto.[26][27][28] Sẽn tãag masã, b ra kõda a Zeova bũmb wʋsg sẽn paam a Zeova wã.[29] La Japan nebã sẽn wa n dɩka b naam wã, b basa kʋdemdã, n kɩt tɩ b ra tõe n koos b zĩm-gãongã n paam ligd ye.[30] Sẽn paase, Japõn ne Kore kom-bõondb ra rɩkda a haenyeo t'a tʋm b tʋʋmdã Japan la Kore soolmẽ wã, n paas b ligd zu-loeesã wʋsgo. Yeonpyeong-ri, sẽn be Incheon tẽng zug n be n tʋmdẽ, b sã n da wa yaoodẽ, b ra yaa zak ligd sẽn yaa 40 n ta 48% n yɩɩd zak zak fãa sẽn paamd ligd ye. [31] A Jeju wã sẽn da yaa tẽng ning sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd a taabã, a Zeova Kaset rãmbã me ra ket n beẽ n getẽ. Wala makre, yʋʋmd 1960 wã sɩngrẽ, Haenyeo tigisgã ra tara Jeju zĩm-gãong ligd sẽn yaa 60%, la a sɩdã sẽn yaa haenyeo wã pa tar tʋʋm ye.[32][33]
Neb wʋsg sẽn pa tar bũmbu
[edit | edit source]Wala pĩnd wẽndẽ buud-goam wʋsg sẽn maan bũmb ninsã, b sẽn maan koom-koglgã wã me lebga tigimsã. Yʋʋmd 1960 wã tɛka, Kore goosneema wã baoo sor n na n kɩt tɩ tẽngã arzɛkã pãng paas tẽns a taabã pʋsẽ. A Jeju pa zĩig sẽn zems tɩ b me tigimsã ye. Rẽ n so tɩ Kore goosneema wã yãk yam n na n lebg mandarẽndorã tẽn-naandg zĩigã. Yʋʋmd 1969 wã, tẽn-tẽngã tʋmtʋmdb wʋsg ra kẽe tʋʋm-kãngã pʋgẽ. Sẽn paase, Jeju tẽngã sẽn yaa a 2 wã pʋga, b ra rɩt n na n bɩɩsa mandarin-a-laandã. Yʋʋmd 1970 wã, goosneema wã sɩngame n na n paas a Jeju tẽn-kãnga sẽn yaa tẽn-kaoodb la b sẽn tʋmd n getẽ wã. Yʋʋmd 1978 wã, tẽn-gãongã siglgã siglgã sigla ra yaa tẽn-gãong sẽn yɩɩd fãa.[34]
Vẽnegr kãngã fãa talla pãn-tusdg sẽn yaa kãseng ne a Zeova nin-buiidã. B sẽn da kõ-b tʋʋm toor-toor sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tʋm tʋʋm nins sẽn pa nana wã, pagb basa koom-koglgã tʋʋm wʋsg.[35] Yʋʋm a nu wã sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1965 n tãag yʋʋmd 1970 wã pʋgẽ, b sẽn da wa n yaa neb 23,081 n wa n lebga neb 14,143 wã.[36] Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn pa mi b sẽn na n vɩɩmd ne b kambã, b pa tõe n paam n paam n zãms b kambã ye. :[37][38] 2350 Yʋʋmd 1970 wã, b sẽn da tar yʋʋm 30 bɩ sẽn pa ta wã, b sõor da yaa 31%, b sõor dag n yaa 55 ne b sõor sẽn be yʋʋm 30 n tɩ ta 49 la b sõor ra yaa 14% bal n da tar yʋʋm 50 bɩ sẽn pa to wã. Yʋʋmd 2014 wã, sẽn yɩɩd yʋʋm 50 wã, yaa 98% n beẽ. [39]
D sẽn be dũniyã pʋgẽ wã
[edit | edit source]Bala, zak wʋsg ra teegda haenyeo wã b sẽn da paamd ligd wʋsg pʋgẽ wã yĩnga, b ra tara kom-bɩɩs sẽn yaa b rãmba n get a Jeju wã yelle.[40][41] Zĩis-kãense sẽn be Jeju kʋɩlgã zug, wala Mara tẽn-kɩtbã, b sẽn da get koom-koglgã sẽn yaa b sẽn da paamd ligd n yɩɩd b taabã, b ra tõe n maana b sẽn da segd n maan to-to wã fãa. Rãmba ra geta b kambã yell n maand teed tɩ b ra maand teed tɩ pagba me ra paam ligd n kõ b zakã rãmb.[42] A Jeju zãma wã yɛl kẽer n wilgd tɩ b yaa nin-buiidã n kõt pʋg-paalã zakã rãmb waoogr yaoodo (b sẽn maan woto wã sẽn na yɩl n kɩt tɩ b maan b toorẽ la b maan b taabã waoogrã) la b maandẽ kom-bɩɩs waoogr n paas kom-bõonegã rogem yĩnga.[43][44]
Baa ne bũmb kẽer sẽn be b sẽn da yaa b rãmb sʋka, b sẽn wa n be Jeju wã pa tõog n tõog n tõog a Konfutsi wã ye. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ sã n da yaa tẽng zugẽ wã, Jeju nebã ra pa wõnd Kore soolmẽ wã ye. Wala makre, rao wã ra tara zu-sobend ning fãa sẽn da yaa politikã taoor dãmbã, la yaa bãmb bal n da tõe n maan yaab-rãmbã waoogr waoogrã, la b paam paoong la b rog-n-taag pʋɩɩr. Sẽn paase, kolonialã wakatẽ, a haenyeo kell n yaa kom-bõoneg rãmba, n da wa n lebg kom-bɩɩsã zu-soab bɩ koom-koglg teed taoor lʋɩtb ye.[45] Baa zagsã pʋgẽ, a Haenyeo ra ket n yaa a sẽn get a zakã yell n sõngd-a wã.[46]
Rũndã-rũndã, b geta a ye wã wa a Jeju arzɛkã sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩd a taabã. Kom-bɩɩsã sẽn yaa kom-bɩɩsã sẽn yaa kom -bɩɩs rãmbã sẽn yaa komã rãmb n tʋmd ne b tẽnsã wã, b sẽn maan b sẽn tõe fãa n paam n paam n kõ b tẽnsã la b sẽn tõe n paam n koosd b tẽnsã. Sẽn paase, yʋʋmd 2014 tʋʋlg kiuugã, goosneema wã kosa UNESCO t'a paas a haenyeo a nin-buiidã sẽn pa tar bũmb ning sẽn tõe n paam n paam n vɩɩmd tẽngã zugã lisgu.[47][48] A Haenyeo kẽnga UNESCO sẽn gʋlsd bũmb nins sẽn pa tar yõodã sẽn pa tar yõodo yʋʋmd 2016 wã pʋgẽ, la a lebgda Koore-Dĩngr buud-gomd sẽn pa tar pãnga yʋʋmd 2017 wã pʋgẽ.
Galeri wã
[edit | edit source]-
Template:Wp/mos/Transliteration carrying baskets toward the sea in Ulsan
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After emerging from the sea, Template:Wp/mos/Transliteration selling her gathered seafood to people on the coast of Jeju.
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The display shows Template:Wp/mos/Transliteration in the past at a museum in Jeju
Tẽngã nebã sẽn da nongã
[edit | edit source]- My Mother, the Mermaid - Yʋʋmd 2004 wã filim sẽn gomd ma (a sẽn da yaa haenyeo) ne a bi-pugli yelle.
- Tamra, the Island - Yʋʋmd 2009 wã, televiziõ wã pʋga, sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 17 soabã pʋgẽ, tɩ b sẽn na n wilg tɩ b yaa nin-soabã, b na n yɩɩ a Haenyeo
- Swallow the Sun - Yʋʋmd 2009 wã, b ra wilga tele-video rãmb sẽn wilgd tɩ b sẽn na n maan bũmb ningã yaa sẽn na n yɩ-a wã.
- Haenyeo: Women of the Sea - A sẽn yaa yʋʋm 82, a sẽn ket n yaa sodaas sẽn be Haenyeo wã, a Chewar Park yell filim sẽn be yʋʋmd 2013 wã. A sẽn vaees a vɩɩmã la a sẽn da maana to-to wã, a Park wilga a sẽn pa tol n maan to-to hal yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã poor.
- My Neighbour, Charles - 2015, episode 24, 25, la 26 (dokumentar TV serials); Japõnd ned sẽn yi tẽn-zẽnga sẽn na n lebg Haenyeo
- Canola - 2016 film ning sẽn na n sõng-a t'a Youn Yuh-jung lebg nin-kẽem a ye
- Our Blues - Yʋʋmd 2022 wã, Korea nebã raab n wilgd tʋʋmda sẽn be yʋʋm toor-toore sʋka.
- Episode 1 yaa South Korea: Earth's Hidden Wilderness, BBC 2018, b sẽn tar kareng sẽn wilgd tɩ b tõe n maan koom-koglgã n kõ b sẽn tar yʋʋm 94, la b sõsa ne ned sẽn tar yʋʋm 94
- White Chrysanthemum, A Mary Lynn Bracht sẽn yaa Korea-Amerika gʋlsd a ye yʋʋm 2018 soabã noob sẽn wilgd tɩ Japan sodaasã rɩka a Haenyeo n kõ-a sũ-noog zabr a yiib-n-soabã sasa.
- The Island of Sea Women, A Lisa See sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 2019 wã pʋgẽ, a goma a yiib sẽn da yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã zo-rãmb la b vɩɩmã yelle, Zapõ rãmb sẽn da be Korɛɛ wã zabr wakate.
- Soft Sounds from Another Planet - a 2017 Japan Breakfast album sẽn gomd Jeju-do yelle, la a tũnugda ne haenyeo wa makr, sẽn yɩɩd fãa yɩɩl ning sẽn yaa "Diving Woman".
- Endings - A Celine Song sẽn maan yʋʋm 2018/2019 wã pʋgẽ, a sẽn wilgd a Haenyeo sẽn kʋʋl a tãabo, la a gomda zak, tẽn-kʋdgã la filimã yelle. A yɩɩla a sẽn da wa n na n yɩɩdã n na n zĩnd Boston American Repertory Theatre wã yʋʋmd 2019 tʋʋlg kiuugã pʋgẽ. [1] A yɩɩla ne a sẽn na n yɩɩ New York Theatre Workshop sẽn be Broadway wã yʋʋmd 2020 tʋʋlgẽ wã.
- Three Moons of Biyangdo, A sẽn yi n na n yiis yʋʋmd 2022 wã, yaa kaset kaset a tãabo sẽn gomd kom-bi-pogs a tãabo a Kyung-Mi, a Geum-Mi la a Jeong-Mi yelle. B sẽn tar yʋʋm 60 wã, b yaa b yagensã a ye. Dɩt-gʋlsd: Lucy McIntosh ne a Jon Cleave. A Jon Cleave ne a Jay Kim n yiisd filimã.
- A Kim Sunja sẽn yaa bi-bɩɩgã, a tʋmda a Pachinko wã tʋʋm-teedã pʋgẽ.
Ges-y me
[edit | edit source]- Ama (sẽn kẽed koomã pʋgẽ) - Japanese sẽn kẽed koomã pʋgẽ n baood pir
- Skandalopetra diving ⁇ Sãn yaa ne kug sẽn tar zɩɩb b sẽn gãneg ne wĩir n tall n dʋʋg koomã
- Kore nin-buiidã
Sebr ning sẽn pʋgdã
[edit | edit source]- A leb n gʋlsda woto: haenyo
Sebtiise
[edit | edit source]- Traditional manufacturing of children’s wooden toys in Hrvatsko Zagorje: UNESCO
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_Zw5pNRB9U
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6XDN_VA-m0
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opRhZPk6ZoE
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
- ↑ https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cElFBvPqwjc
- ↑ https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cElFBvPqwjc
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2011.07.013
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Kn4nYdZbQ
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20091021015506/http://geocities.com/TheTropics/3234/haenyo.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/17/1/17_001/_pdf
- ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331
- ↑ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/17/1/17_001/_pdf
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
- ↑ https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110182301
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2011.07.013
- ↑ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/17/1/17_001/_pdf
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
- ↑ https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140814180843/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=260918
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fks.2006.0006
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101727/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3279
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cElFBvPqwjc
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/asia/hardy-divers-in-korea-strait-sea-women-are-dwindling.html
Zems-n-taase
[edit | edit source]- Culture+Travel zʋrnallã gomda Jeju-do haenyeo wã yelle
UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity/Asia and Pacific |
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Underwater diving |
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