Wp/mos/Gagaku

music genre
Subclass of	East Asian court ceremonial music, traditional Japanese music
Country of origin	Japan
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00265, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00265, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00265

Sã n yaa ne albumã, bɩ y ges Gagaku (album).

Sã n yaa ne Asuka wakatã zũnd-zãndã, bɩ y ges Gigaku. Sẽn na yɩl n bãng gagaku wã sẽn da yaa to-to, b sẽn dɩk-a n maan Tang-dinasti wã sẽn da be Chine wã, bɩ y ges Tōgaku.

Gagaku (雅楽, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ " yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma ") yaa Zapõ kʋdemdã yɩɩl buud b sẽn da tũnugd ne pĩnd wẽndẽ n maand b na-yirã yɩɩl la b saoodẽ. A Gagaku ra yaa kibay sẽn da be Kyoto na-zakẽ wã, la a sẽn da yaa to-to rũndã-rũndã wã yaa Heian wakatẽ wã (794 - 1185) sẽn zems yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 10th soabã.^[1]^[2] Rũndã-rũndã, yaa b sẽn boond tɩ Board of Ceremonies sẽn be Tokyo Imperial Palace wã n maand-a.

Gagaku wã yaa tʋʋm-kãsems a tãab:^[3]

Sintoo rãmbã sẽn yaa b tẽngẽ wã, b yɩɩla la b dansã, b sẽn boond tɩ Kuniburi no utamai (国風歌舞)
Yɩɩll sẽn yit tẽng zug nebã b sẽn boond tɩ Utaimono (謡物)
Yɩɩn-sõamyã la dans sẽn yit tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã
1. Sɩngd-rãmbã, Vyetnam dãmba la Indi wã buud (kãsenga Tang soolmã), b sẽn boond tɩ Tōgaku (唐楽)
2. Korea la Mandjuri buud sẽn boond tɩ komagaku (高麗楽)

Gagaku, wa shōmyō, yaa yo scale, sẽn yaa pentatonic scale ne sẽn tar-b sẽk sẽn yaa a yiib, a tãab, a yiib, b yiib la a tãab sẽn be a sʋka. ^[4] Sẽn yaa sõma, a yaa toor ne Sɩngr buud-goam sẽn yaa yayue (雅楽) sẽn yaa gom-zug sẽn be tʋʋm-no-kãsems wɛɛngẽ. ^[5]

Kibsa[edit | edit source]

Jingu-Bugaku Kotaijingu (Naiku), Ise tẽnga, Mie prefekturã Gagaku protɩtɛɛrã kẽnga Zapõ ne Buddism sẽn yit Sɩngr. Yʋʋmd 589 wã, b tʋma Japan nin-buiidã tɩ b tɩ moon-b Sɩngr (Sui soolmã wakatẽ) n tɩ zãms Sɩngr buud-gomdã, tɩ rẽ naag ne Sɩngr zak yɩɩl. Yʋʋmd 700 soabã tɛka, b ra yiisda koto (tũud 13 sẽn tar tãns) la biwa (tũudu sẽn tar tãnd sẽn yaa bilf) Zĩna. B ra deng n tũnugda ne instrument toor-toor n yɩɩl gagaku.

Baa ne tɩ Zãpaansã zãada gom-biig a yembr, 雅楽 (yǎyuè Mandarin Chinese, ngahngohk Cantonese), yɩɩl nins b sẽn tall n yi Sɩna wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn yit kibsã (engkau) n yɩɩd pipi wã. Yɩɩllã importã yɩɩ yɩɩr Tang soolmã wakatẽ, la b boond yɩɩl-kãensã tɩ Tōgaku (Tang mizik). Gagaku kom-bɩɩsã sẽn zĩnd wakat sẽn deng Tang soolmã yaa kogaku (kʋdemdã mizik), la sẽn zĩnd Tang soolmã poore yaa shingaku (paalgã mizik). B sɩngame n gʋls gom-bi-kãnga yʋʋmd 701 soabã, wakat ning b sẽn lugl pipi Gagakurio wã. ^[6]

Kẽer soolmã sẽn boond tɩ Goguryeo wã yɩɩl ra paama gʋls yʋʋmd 453 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, la komagaku ra yaa gom-biig sẽn gomd Korea soolmã fãa yelle. Komagaku ne Tōgaku ra yaa Zapõ-rʋʋng soolmẽ wã, wakat ning b sẽn boond tɩ Nara (710-794). Yʋʋmd 736 wã, b leb n wa n kɩtame tɩ b lebg n wa n deng n wʋmd Ind ne Vyetnam yɩɩl sẽn boond tɩ Tenjikugaku (天竺楽) la Rinyūgaku (林邑楽).

Yʋʋm kobs a 8 soabã pʋgẽ, a Nara wakatẽ wã, b maana gagaku tẽn-tẽngã yɛl pʋsẽ, wala a Todai-ji wẽnd-doogã sẽn na n yɩ a Buddha wã, n sigl gagaku tʋʋm sull dãmb wẽnd-doog kãsems pʋsẽ.

Yʋʋmd 900 wã n tãag yʋʋmd 900 wã, a Heian wakatẽ, a gagaku buud ra yaa buud a taab sẽn da yaa Zope, a sẽn naag ne yɩɩl buud toor-toorã sẽn be Zapõ wã n toeem-a wʋsgo. Gaku wã buud yɩɩl sẽn yaa Tōgaku, Komagaku, Tenjikugaku la Rinyūgaku sẽn zĩnd Azi soolemã n wa n naag ne Kuniburi no utamai, sẽn yaa Japõnd mizikã la utaimono, yɩɩl nins sẽn dog wakat ning sẽn boond tɩ Heian wã. ^[7]^[8] Wakat kãnga, b maana gagaku mizik wʋsg la b lebs n maneg n maneg a to wã. B leb n toeema Gagaku, la b pʋɩ-a-la sogs nins sẽn yaa buud toor-toorã me sẽn boond tɩ Sahō (左方, goabg) la Uhō (右方, rɩtg). Sɩngr la Vietnams la Ind soolmã nebã ra boond-b lame tɩ Sahō, la b ra boond-a lame tɩ Uhō. A Tenjikugaku ne a Rinyūgaku me ra be Tōgaku pʋga.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Gaku wã nebã ra nong-a lame hal yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 9 soabã la 10 soabã sʋka, tɩ b sɩng n maand yɩɩl ne b taabã, la b pa le nong-a ye. La wakat ning b sẽn boond tɩ Kamakura wakatã (1185-1333) wã, b pa le tar pãng ye.^[12] B ra tara yɩɩl-tũudb sẽn yaa yagsã neb n yɩɩl Gagaku. A Kamakura wakatẽ, b kɩtame tɩ b tũ sodaasã, la b pa maand gagaku wʋsg bʋʋdã zĩigẽ ye. Wakat kãnga, b ra tara tigims a tãabo, sẽn be Osaka, Nara la Kyoto.

Yaa Ōnin zabrã sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1467 n tãag yʋʋmd 1477 wã sẽn zĩnd Muromachi wakatẽ wã yĩng la gagaku sullã sẽn da be Kyoto wã, b pa le maand yɩɩl yʋʋm 100 ye. Edo wakatẽ wã, Tokugawa shogunatã vʋʋga la b leb n sigla b sull nins sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ gagaku wã.

Yʋʋmd 1868 wã, Meiji restauration poore, yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn yit tigims a tãabã pʋsẽ n wa be tẽn-kãsengã pʋgẽ, la b yagensã yaa Tokyo Imperial Palace Music Department wã neb wʋsg sẽn be rũndã-rũndã. Wakat kãng tɛka, b ra tara yɩɩl a tãabo sẽn yaa wa b sẽn boond tɩ hichiriki, ryūteki, la shō (b sẽn boond tɩ bambu noor tɩ b kõ taab zems-n-taar) la b ra tara tãb-biis a tãabo: kakko (dõmb-bil sẽn yaa bilf), shōko (dẽmb-bilã) la taiko (dõmba) bɩ dadaiko (dẽmba), la b paas-b lame ne tãb-bil a yiib sẽn yaa gakubiwa la gakusō.

Gagaku me tũuda yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ bugaku (舞楽) wã. B tõe n maana tũudum waoogrã pʋgẽ, la b rɩk-a lame b sẽn maand bũmb nins sẽn yaa Buddism wẽnd-doogẽ wã.^[13]

Yʋʋmd 1955 wã, Japõnsã guvɛrneerã wilgame tɩ gagaku la bugaku yaa tẽn-kãsemse.

Rũndã-rũndã, b maanda a gagaku ne manesem a tãab:^[14]

wa kangen, yɩɩl sẽn yit seb-kãnga, la b sẽn boond tɩ wẽndbã, la b ningd-b-la b sãnem,
b sẽn boond tɩ bugaku, wall yɩɩl sẽn yit yɩɩl nins sẽn yaa ne stringã pʋgẽ wã, b pa get-b ye.
b sẽn boond tɩ utaimono, b sẽn yɩɩl ne yɩɩl instrument sẽn naag ne yɩɩlã, b sẽn pʋɩ-b pʋɩ-n-taar 10 pʋgẽ.

Komagaku yaa bugaku bal n vɩɩmd. ^[15]

Gagaku kom-bɩɩs nins sẽn be rũndã-rũndã, wala Reigakusha (伶楽舎), yɩɩl n maand yɩɩl nins sẽn be wakat kãnga wã gagaku instrumentã yĩnga. Yaa wakat kãnga tʋʋm nins sẽn yaa gagaku tʋʋmde, sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 1960 wã, la b boond tɩ reigaku (伶楽). Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã kompozitɛɛr dãmb wala Tōru Takemitsu ra gʋlsda gagaku kompozitã tʋʋm la gagaku instrument toor-toore. Yʋʋmd 2015 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuugã, Reigakusha gagaku ensambl la Ensemble Modern yɩɩl n zĩnd ne Belzjam kompoosɛɛr a Frederic D'Haene sẽn maan yɩɩl sẽn pa gomd ye, n kɩt tɩ gagaku ne Western mizikã zĩnd taab pʋgẽ.^[16]

Dɩtb sẽn be[edit | edit source]

B sẽn tũnug ne b instrumentã, b sẽn boond tɩ Wind, string la percussion instrumentã yaa gagaku mizikã elems sẽn yaa tɩlae. B sẽn yiis instrument kẽer wa Haishō, Gogen biwa, Kugo wã, a Zeova ra yiisda a Zeova Kaset rãmbã ne a Zeova Kaset rãmb a Zeova Kaset rãmba.

Waasã[edit | edit source]

Hichiriki (篳篥), oboe
O-hichiriki (大篳篥)
Ryūteki (龍笛), transvers flute sẽn be togaku
Shō (笙), noorã orgã
U (竽), gãnd noorã orgãn
Komabue (高麗笛), transverse flute sẽn yaa bilf n yɩɩd ryūteki, sẽn be komagaku
Azuma-asobi-bue (遊東笛), sẽn boond me tɩ chukan
Kagurabue (神楽笛), transver flute sẽn yɩɩd ryūtek, sẽn be kuniburi no utamai
(Pĩnd wẽndẽ) Shakuhachi (尺八)
Haish (排簫), panpi

Dɩtb sẽn be[edit | edit source]

Gaku Biwa (楽琵琶 ), tãns-n-taase
Gogen biwa (五絃琵琶), tãns-tũns a nu
Gakusō (楽箏), sigr 13 sẽn yit Sɩngr soolmẽ wã
Kugo (箜篌), yɩɩl sẽn tar zũnd sẽn da be pĩnd wẽndẽ wã, la sẽn pa kaoos la b vʋʋgame
Genkan(阮咸)
Yamatogoto (大和琴, sẽn boond tɩ wa-gon me), Zitar sẽn yit Zapõ, ne 6 bɩ 7

Dɩt-yãk[edit | edit source]

Shōko (鉦鼓), gong sẽn yaa bilf n bẽd ne yɩɩl-dãmb a yiib
Kakko (鞨鼓/羯鼓), yaa tãmb sẽn yaa wa tãmb sẽn tar kareng ne tɩɩs a yiibu
Tsuri-daiko (釣太鼓), b sẽn da tigim ne tãb-biis a yiib sẽn yaa b sẽn pakã n na n yɩɩl ne tãb sẽn yaa bĩngd
Da-daiko (鼉太鼓), yaa gãnd b sẽn da tũnugd ne wãdb sasa
Ikko (一鼓), yaa tãmb sẽn yaa wa tãmb sẽn tar kareng sẽn yaa sõma
San-no-tsuzumi (三の鼓), tãmb sẽn yaa wa tãmb sẽn tar sa-loɛɛg
A Shakubyoshi (笏拍子, b sẽn boond me tɩ shaku), yaa gãnd sẽn yit ligdã gãnd sẽn yaa gãnd n naan yɩll n maan
Hōkyō (方響)
Suzu (鈴), sẽn yaa mi-kagura sẽn boond tɩ Mikomai wã sẽn boond tɩ mi-kagurã
Tsuzumi (鼓), tãmb sẽn yaa tãmb sẽn tar sa-kãnga, sẽn yaa Shirabyōshi wã sẽn maand wa Mi-kagura

Saam-bi-poak sẽn tall pãng tẽnsẽ wã[edit | edit source]

Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã sɩngrẽ, tẽns wʋsg sẽn be tẽnsẽ wã ra pa tol n get a gagaku yell ye. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa yaa Henry Cowell (Ongaku, 1957), La Monte Young (dãmb wʋsg sẽn maand yɩɩl sẽn pa tar koomã, ^[17] la sẽn yɩɩd fãa Trio for Strings, 1958), Alan Hovhaness (dãmb wʋsgo), Olivier Messiaen (Sept haïkaï, 1962), Lou Harrison (Pacifika Rondo, 1963), Benjamin Britten (Curlew River, 1964), Bengt Hambraeus (Shogaku, sẽn yit Tre Pezzi per Organo, 1967), Ákos Nagy (Viled wins flute quartet 2010), Jarosław Kapuściński (dãmb sõor wʋsgo), Sarah Peebles (dãmb Sõor wʋsgo), Michiko Toyama (Waka, 1960), la Tim Hecker (Konoyo, 2018).

Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã pʋgẽ, a Masataro Togi (b sẽn maan yʋʋm wʋsg n yɩ goosneerã taoor soaba) ra zãmsda America yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã dãmb wa a Alan Hovhaness la a Richard Teitelbaum n yɩɩl gagaku instrumentã.

Tẽns nins sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã pʋsẽ[edit | edit source]

Amerik ned ning sẽn boond t'a Steve Richmond ra tara modgr sẽn yaa toor fasɩ, a sẽn dɩk gagaku wã n naan wa a sẽn datã. A Richmond wʋma gagaku mizik b sẽn da gʋlsd yʋʋmd 1960 wã sɩngrẽ wã. Yʋʋmd 2009 wã, a Richmond sẽn da sõs ne gʋlsd a Ben Pleasants wã yeelame t'a gʋlsa gagaku seb-vẽkr sẽn be tus 8,000 n ta 9000 la a tog n yɩɩla. ^[18]

Ges-y me[edit | edit source]

Sebtiise[edit | edit source]

Zems-n-taase[edit | edit source]

[1] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20190903014505/http://www.nihongagakukai.gr.jp/about_gagaku/gagaku.html

[2] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20160826124132/https://www2.ntj.jac.go.jp/dglib/contents/learn/edc22/rekishi/re3.html

[3] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20190903014505/http://www.nihongagakukai.gr.jp/about_gagaku/gagaku.html

[4] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20080313144427/http://www.uwgb.edu/ogradyt/world/japan.htm

[5] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ge8cWl8OT3gC&pg=PA40

[6] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ge8cWl8OT3gC&pg=PA40

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20190903014505/http://www.nihongagakukai.gr.jp/about_gagaku/gagaku.html

[8] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20160826124132/https://www2.ntj.jac.go.jp/dglib/contents/learn/edc22/rekishi/re3.html

[9] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20190903014505/http://www.nihongagakukai.gr.jp/about_gagaku/gagaku.html

[10] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20160826124132/https://www2.ntj.jac.go.jp/dglib/contents/learn/edc22/rekishi/re3.html

[11] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ge8cWl8OT3gC&pg=PA42

[12] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ge8cWl8OT3gC&pg=PA42

[13] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20071124150953/http://www.kyuhaku-db.jp/dazaifu/archives/25.html

[14] ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ngo5Zs_Sg3w&t=330s

[15] ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ngo5Zs_Sg3w&t=330s

[16] ttp://www.ravellorecords.com/catalog/rr8008/index.html

[17] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20061003051403/http://musicmavericks.publicradio.org/features/interview_young.html

[18] ttp://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/american-rimbaud-an-interview-with-steve-richmond/

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