Wp/mos/Doina
| Subclass of | Romanian folk music, traditional folk song  |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Romania |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00192 |
B sẽn boond tɩ Doina (Romẽ gom-biiga: [ˈdojna]) yaa Romẽ yɩɩl-yɩɩll sẽn tar yẽg sẽn yit Moyen-Orientẽ, sẽn be Romẽ tẽn-kɩrmsã yɩɩlã pʋgẽ, la Lăutărească pʋgẽ. B leb n dɩk-a lame n kẽes klezmer mizikã pʋgẽ.[1]
B tõe n yãa yɩɩl sẽn wõnd woto Erop yaanga la Balkans soolmã fãa. Balkans tẽns kẽere, b boonda mizik kãnga tɩ scaros bɩ scaru.
B sẽn yitẽ la b sẽn yaa to-to[edit | edit source]
A Béla Bartók yãa doina sẽn be Transilvani soolmẽ wã yʋʋmd 1912 la a ra tẽedame t'a yaa Romã buud bala. A sẽn wa n mik tɩ buud-goam a taab n be Oukrayn, Albani, Alzeeri, Moyen-Orient la Ẽnd soolmã rɩtgã, a wa n tagsame tɩ b yaa buud a taab sẽn yit Araab la Pɛrs soolmẽ wã.[2] Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a kɩtame tɩ Rom doina wã zems ne Turke/Araab Makamã. A Bartók sẽn wa ne bũmb ningã, Romẽ etnomusicologs kẽer zãgsame, n yeel t'a Bartók ra yaa neb sẽn kis Romẽ nebã. Baasg zãnga, Romã doina ne tẽns a taab sẽn be Moyen-Orientã yɩɩl toɛy-toɛyã wõnda taaba, tɩ bãngdb sẽn pa Romã la Romã rãmb me wilg rẽ. Hal tɩ ta yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã pipi pʋɩ-sʋkã, b ra gʋlsda lăutari-rãmbã la klezmer-rãmbã sẽn da tũnugd ne taksim n sɩngd yɩɩlã. B wa n na n ledga taksimã ne doina, sẽn wõnd taksimã, baa ne a sẽn pa wõnd taksimã zãng-zãngã. Romẽ etnomusikolog la yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Grigore Leşe, a sẽn wa n yɩɩl ne Irãn yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sull a ye wã, a mikame tɩ Maramureş doinasã tara "tõnd sẽn zems ne" Araab ne Pɛrs mizikã.[3][4]
A doina yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar reem sẽn yaa toor-toore, sẽn tar bõn-naands wʋsgo, la sẽn pa reem ye. 8] B sẽn maand improvizã wã yaa wa b sẽn maand bũmb sẽn pa toeemd ye. (Nebã nong n kẽnda sẽn na n yɩlẽ tɩ b bãng b sẽn na n maan to-to, n paas b sẽn na n maan to-to tɩ b bãng b sẽn na n maan to-to, tɩ zems ne sẽn maand-a wã yam la a tagsgo. Naoor wʋsgo, yɩɩll nins sẽn kaoosdã yaa yɩɩl a naas bɩ a nu soabã sẽn yɩɩd pipi yɩɩlã.
B sẽn boond tɩ doinas-rãmbã yaa yɩɩl-yend la yɩɩl-yend la b yɩɩla ne yɩɩl-yend sẽn yaa toor-toore, sẽn yit zĩig ne a to: sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yend (măi, hei, dui-dui, iuhu), sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yend sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yendã, sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yend sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl-yendã, la a taaba.[5] B sẽn boond tɩ doinasã yaa yɩɩl b sẽn maand ne yɩɩl sẽn yaa nana, sẽn nong n yaa yɩɩl buud toor-toore, wall yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãng wʋsg wa sebre. B sẽn boond tɩ doina wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn pa tũud ne kibsã, la b sẽn nong n yɩɩnd a toore, n tar yam-vɩɩm sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo: sẽn na yɩl n "lems ned sɩɩgã" (de stâmpărare ne Romã). A Grigore Leşe tẽedame tɩ bãngdbã sã n bilgd doinã tʋʋm-nood sõma, b pa wʋmd a tagsgã võor sõma ye. Doinasã yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩn-yɩɩnse, la b gom-zẽn yaa sũ-sãamsã, tʋlsem (dor), tʋlsem sẽn kẽed ne pag ne rao lagem-n-taar wɛɛngẽ, nonglem ne tẽngã, yẽgemd ne vɩɩmã sũ-sãamsã, bɩ b sẽn pʋʋsd Wẽnnaam n kotẽ t'a sõng-b tɩ b paam sũ-sãangã, la a taaba.
Sẽn yaa lebend ne tẽn-kɩremsã doinasã, b nong n lagemd-b lame la b wẽed-b ne teed sẽn yaa toogo (violin, pan-pipe, cymbalom, accordéon, clarinet, tarogato, la a taab). Sẽn paase, sẽn yaa lebend ne tẽn-kɩremsã doinasã, b nong n yɩɩndda lăutar la klezmer doinasã sẽn na yɩl n wilg tɩ yɩɩll a to, sẽn nong n yaa reem n be beẽ wã sɩngre.
Rom-rãmbã sẽn da be Rom soolmẽ wã, b ra boond-b lame tɩ cântec de ascultare (sẽn dat n yeel tɩ yɩɩll sẽn na yɩl n kelge). B sẽn boond tɩ cântec de ascultare wã yalga Rom soolmã babs a taab pʋsẽ, la b tara yɛl toor-toor b sẽn maand be.
Klezmer Doinas sẽn be wã tara Hasidic niguns pãn-tusdg zugu.
Doina buud toor-toor[edit | edit source]
- Hora lungă - Maramureş.
- Ca pe luncă - found along the Danube.
- Oltului - found along the Olt River.
- De codru - codru means "forest".
- Haiduceşti (cântece haiduceşti, Cântece de haiducie) - "haiduc's songs" haiduc means "outlaw" or "brigand".
- Ca din tulnic - unique type in which the melody imitates a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic.
- Ciobanului - shepherd's doina.
- De dragoste - popular form, usually about love; dragoste means "love".
- De jale - mellow, mournful doina; jale means "grief".
- De leagăn - a lullaby; leagăn means "cradle".
- De pahar - drinking song; pahar means "drinking glass".
- Foaie verde - classical form; literally "green leaf".
- Klezmer - played by Jewish musicians from Bessarabia and Moldavia.
Zĩ-kãnga[edit | edit source]
Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sɩngrẽ wã, yɩɩl-yɩɩllã ra yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩllã buud ning sẽn da tar pãng n yɩɩdã (bõn-yɛng pʋsẽ, yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩllã buud bal la sẽn da tar pãng n yɩɩdã). La rũndã-rũndã, yɩɩl-yɩɩllã pa le tar pãng ye. B sẽn wa n boond-a tɩ "musique populaire" wã, b wa n talla manesem-paalg sẽn kɩt tɩ tẽn-kɩrmsã buud-goam lebg toor-toore.
Baasgo, doina ket n yaa bũmb b sẽn nong n boond tɩ lăutari Ardeal la Banat soolmẽ wã.
Yʋʋmd 1976 wã, BBC tũudum televiziõ wã sẽn boond tɩ The Light of Experience wã reega a Gheorge Zamfirã yɩɩlã sẽn yaa "Doina De Jale" wã n maan a yɩɩlã. Epic Records yiisa yɩɩllã wa a yembr la a Mad
Sebtiise[edit | edit source]
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTQ7hzTUBJoC&pg=PA97
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=aSDMIkq_ds8C&pg=PA11
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131016164314/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Arts/music/Ethnomusic/Ethoworld/Romanian.htm
- ↑ http://www.crestinortodox.ro/interviuri/interviu-artistul-grigore-lese-126034.html
- ↑ https://www.webcitation.org/5qp3e9OPb?url=http://hemingways-studio.org/dictionary/Entries/S13339.htm