Wp/mos/Chhau dance

type of dance
Subclass of	Indian folk dance, war dance
Country	India
Indigenous to	Purulia district, Mayurbhanj district, Seraikela Kharsawan district
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, National List for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00337, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00337, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00337

Chhau dans, sẽn boond me tɩ Chhou dans, yaa Indi wã sẽn boond tɩ chhau dansã.^[1] Yaa Indi wã sẽn yaa kʋdem sẽn yaa kʋdgã. B yãta taab a tãabo, sẽn yit b sẽn maan zĩigã pʋga, sẽn yaa: Bẽnga sẽn be Gɛrk-Bengal tẽnga Purulia Chhau, a Jharkhand tẽnga Seraikella Chhau la a Odisha tẽnga Mayurbhanj Chhau.

Dẽnsa wã sɩngda ne zab-teedã, akrobatikã la atletikã sẽn maand ne kibsã yɛl sẽn yaa nin-buiidã kibsã, n tãag ne yɩɩl sẽn yaa sigr ne tũudum yɛl sẽn be shaivism, shaktism la vaishnavism pʋgẽ. B sẽn da tar no-rɩkã yaa toor-toore, tɩ Purulia ne Serakeilla zãad maaskoor n na n bãng b nin-buiidã.^[2] B sẽn da maand yɩɩl nins sẽn yaa a Chhau wã pʋgẽ wã, b ra gomda a Ramayana la a Mahabharata, a Puranas la a taab sẽn be India sɛbã yelle.^[3]^[4]

Dẽnsa wã yaa rao-rãmb fãa sẽn maand yɩɩl sẽn yaa to-to, la b maanda yɩɩl sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa saaga, la tõe n yaa yɩɩl sẽn yit Hindã wã sẽn naag taab n naag taab n maan yɩɩl la pĩnd wẽndẽ tẽn-kʋdemdã buud toor-toorã.^[5] Dẽnsa wã tigimda neb sẽn yit tẽn-tẽngã la tẽn-tẽnga sẽn yaa to-to wã ne sũ-noog la tũudum.^[6]^[7]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

Chhau yaa rãam sẽn yit Ɛnd soolmẽ wã. ^[8]Tõe tɩ yaa Sanskrit Chāya (sõgo, makr bɩ maasmẽ) n yitẽ.^[9]^[10] Neb a taab sẽn dat n bãng tɩ yaa Sanskrit buud-gomdã Chadma (sẽn yaa b sẽn yeel tɩ b yaa b sẽn da pak-a wã) la neb a taab sẽn yaa wa Sitakant Mahapatra yetame tɩ yaa Odia buud-gomdẽ wã pʋgẽ, a yita Chhauni (soabã logtor, b sẽn zab ne b zab-teedã, b sẽn maand b sẽn pa yãtẽ wã) pʋgẽ.^[11]

Chhau wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning[edit | edit source]

B maanda yɩɩl nins sẽn be Zharkhand, West Bengal la Odisha soolmẽ wã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Chaitra Parva kibsã sasa, la b maand-b-la ne b tẽedbã fãa.Purulia Chhau wã yɩɩllã maanda wĩndg kibsã sasa.

Maske wã yaa Chhau wã kibsã sẽn tar Purulia la Seraikella modgdã pʋga. D sã n mi yɩɩl, mizik la maskã maaneg sõma, d tõe n paama noor n kõ-ba. B sẽn boond tɩ Chhau wã sẽn be Orissa rɩtgẽ wã pa rɩkd maasg n wa dans ye, la b rɩkda maasg b sẽn wa n wa pukd b yɩɩlã zug n na n wilg b sẽn dat n wa yɩɩdã nebã.^[12]

Chhau wã kibsã sẽn tũnugd ne maasko, b naagda kibsã la zabã sẽn tũnug ne zab-teedã (b sẽn boond tɩ khel), bõn-buudã la rũmsã sẽn kẽnd ne taab b sẽn boond tɩ chalis la topkas) la so-toog sẽn yaa tẽn-tẽng pʋg-sadb sẽn maand tʋʋmã (b boond tɩ uflis). A Mohan Khokar yeelame tɩ Chhau wã yɩɩl kãngã pa tar waoogr wall waoogr võor ye.

Dẽngã yaa rao sẽn kiidã n maand yʋngo, zĩig sẽn yaa vẽeneg pʋgẽ, b sẽn boond tɩ akhada bɩ asar. Dãnsã yaa sẽn yaa wa sẽn yaa wa b sẽn da nong n na n yɩɩl ne nebã. Bãad-bãmb wʋsg n naag ne yɩɩlã, tɩ b boond tɩ dhol (bãngr sẽn yaa bĩng), dhumsa (bãngrã sẽn yaa bẽngr sẽn yaa gãnem) la kharka, wall chad-chadi. Yɩɩll-kãensã yɩɩlã yɛl yaa tẽn-tẽngã yel-bũnã, nin-buiidã kibarã, la Ramaanã la Mahabharata wã yɛlã, la yɛl a taab sẽn pa wõnd woto.

Chhau wã dansã (sẽn yɩɩd fãa Purulia wã) sẽn yɩ pipi wã pa Paika la Natua bal ye, la Nachni wã me maana tʋʋmd sẽn tar yõod wʋsg sẽn na yɩl tɩ Chhau wã paam a sẽn yaa a soabã. Chhau wã ra yaa na-kẽndre la a sẽn maandã n dɩkd pagbã sẽn maand bũmb ningã n dɩkd a Naxni wã n kõ-a wã (Bhattacharya, 1983, Chakravarti, 2001, Kishore, 1985). Rɩt-rɩtgã pʋg-paalã sẽn be Chhau wã kɩtame tɩ b bãng tɩ b sẽn boond tɩ Lasya Bhava wã yaa bũmb sẽn yit Natya Shastra wã pʋgẽ, tɩ kɩt tɩ b bãngd tɩ b yɩɩla yaa sõma, tɩ b bãngda tɩ b yɩɩl yaa sõma, la tɩ b sẽn da maandẽ wã yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b ra nong n yɩɩl ne nin-kãsenga. Rɩt kãng yaa Shiva sẽn yeel tɩ b ra yɩɩl ne a tandava wã (Bose 1991).^[13] B sẽn gomd tandava la lasya wã võor võor yaa toor-toore. Mam wilga tandava ne lasya sẽn yaa bũmb ning b sẽn boond tɩ "tandava" wã sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn yaa to-to wã. A Bose wilga bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b pa mi taab ye. Ges-y Bose, Mandakranta.

Chhau buud toor-toorã a tãab[edit | edit source]

A Seraikella Chhau wã ra yaa Seraikella, sẽn da be Kalinga Gajapati naamẽ wã. A ra yaa Zharkhand Seraikella Kharsawan zĩiga, Purulia Chhau sẽn be Purulia zĩiga, West Bengal la Mayurbhanj Chhau sẽn be Odisha Mayurbhank zĩiga. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn maand bũmb nins fãa a tãab wã toor-toor yaa b sẽn tũnug ne maaskoorã wɛɛngẽ. Sã n yaa ne Chhau wã sẽn boond tɩ Seraikela la Purulia wã, b sẽn boond tɩ Mayurbhanj Chhau wã pa tũnug ne maasg ye.^[14]

A Seraikella Chhau wã minimã la a tʋʋm-no-kãsemsã yaa sẽn da yaa nin-kãsems sẽn da yaa tẽng-kãnga nin-kãsenga n naan naan naan naan yɩ a nin-kãensa la a nin-kẽem dãmba. La rũndã-rũndã, nebã sẽn yit buud fãa pʋsẽ wã yɩɩlda a woto. A Seraikella Chhau wã yaa mak-sõngo, la a sẽn maandã wilgdame t'a segd n maana tʋʋm ning a sẽn maandẽ. Purulia Chhau wã tũnugda ne maaskoor sẽn yaa wʋsg sẽn yaa wa b sẽn naanã; makre, gɩgemda maaskoor yaa gɩgemd la a me tara yĩn-vɩɩm sẽn yaa wa a sẽn kẽnd ne a naasa Maskã yaa waalbã sẽn maandẽ la b maandẽ ne bĩis wẽn-naandb la wẽn-naandsã la b yita Purulia sẽn be West Bengalã soolmẽ wã. La b maanda a Chhau ne maasko, la a yaa wa Seraikella Chhau wã.^[15]^[16]

B sẽn deegd-a wã[edit | edit source]

Yʋʋmd 2010 wã, b talla Chhau wã n kẽes UNESCO sẽn get bũmb ning sẽn pa tar yõod ne ninsaalbã. ^[17] Odisha tẽnga taoor lʋɩtb sull lugla a Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn get b sẽn get b yell to-to wã yʋʋmd 1960 wã. Yaa b sẽn na n maan zãmsg ne b karen-biis nins sẽn be tẽngẽ wã, b sẽn na yɩl n sõng b karen-biisã, b sẽn maand yɩɩl ne b karen -biis nins b sẽn getẽ wã. Yaa goosneema wã n get b sẽn maand Chaitra Parva wã me. Sangeet Natak Akademi wã lugla Burkĩna Faso sẽn get Chhau wã sẽn boond tɩ National Centre for Chhau Dance wã n be Baripada, Orissa.

Tẽngã nebã sẽn nongã[edit | edit source]

Hindi filimã sẽn boond tɩ Barfi! A tara zĩ-gũud sẽn tar Purulia Chhau wã pʋgẽ.

Chhau mask[edit | edit source]

Purulia Chhau dansã kẽnga UNESCO wã sẽn yãend-a wã pʋga. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn boond tɩ Purulia Chhau ne Mayurbhanj Chhau wã yaa b sẽn tũnug ne maskã. Purulia Chhau zãada maasku dansã pʋgẽ, la Mayurbhanj Chhau pa tar maasku, n paas gesg ne yĩngã ratem la yel-bũnd ye. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tõog n maan b sẽn datã, b maanda yɩɩl a ye. Purulia Chhau dansã rãmb paka tẽng zug la filimã maskã sẽn makd mitoloji wã nebã. B sã n maan mask ne b sẽn naan n naan ne b sẽn maand ne b sẽn maan ne b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã, b sã n maan-a ne b sẽn na n maan to - to wã, b ningda-a-la Shola la bũmb a taab n maneg-a. ^[18]

Purulia wã sẽn boond tɩ Chhau maskã paama a yʋʋrã sẽn be Zɩt-zĩigã pʋgẽ. Sẽn yaa toor ne Purulia Chhau wã, maskã yaa toor-toorã la a yaa toor-toor ne taab fãa.

B sẽn maand b toorẽ maskã wã yaa Sutradhar nebã. Maskã maaneg yaa bũmb sẽn maand zĩis toor-toor pʋgẽ. B sã n wa n ningd seb-kãngã, b ningda seb-kãng ne seb-pugl sẽn yaa maleng n kɩt tɩ b ningd sebã ne seb-paal sẽn yaa sõma. B maana b neng ne bũmbu. B ningda b sẽn da maandã ne b sẽn da tarã, tɩ b ningd-a-la wĩntoogã. Rẽ poore, b manegda b b sẽn da maandã, la b kɩtdame tɩ b taasd wĩntoogã n kõ-a t'a yaool n welg futã la seb-peelsã. Sẽn na n baas n maan burã la a ninã gãagrã, b sã n wa n maneg n ningd-a-la ne a sãnemã, b sãnda n maneg n maneg n kõ-a-a-yã.

Galɛɛrã[edit | edit source]

Chhau dance artist-female
Chhau dance artist-male
Chhau dance artist-male
Chhau dance artists
Chhau dance artist
Chhau dancers in a village of Jharkhand
Chhau dancer with demon mask performing at night
A chhau dancer performing among the villagers in Jharkhand
A Mayurbhanj Chhau music troupe performing

Sebtiise[edit | edit source]

Sẽn paase[edit | edit source]

A Asutosh Bhattacharya, yaa Purulia Chhau dansã. Pub. Rabindra Bharati inivɛrsite, 1972.

Barba, Eugenio; Nicola Savarese (1991). A Dictionary of theatre anthropology: the secret art of the performer. Yaa gom-bi-bɛd sẽn gomd teatrã ninsaalb yelle. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05308-0. B sẽn boond tɩ "São Zé" wã

A Claus, a Pɩɛɛr J. ; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: a Encyclopedia. A Taylor ne a Francis. ISBN 0-415-93919-4 yaa sẽn nan yɩll tɩ b tõog n maan b sẽn datã.

Claus, Peter J.; et al. (2003), South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-93919-4

Kishore, Vikrant (2014). Hal tɩ ta masã: Ẽnd nebã reem sẽn be Bollywood sinema wã pʋgẽ. Adelaide, South Australia UNESCO-APNIEVE Australia ISBN 9780992525958, 9780992525996

Williams, Drid (2004). "A Hollywood Orientalism maasem pʋgẽ: Ẽnd-rãmb sẽn be Ɛst Ɛnd soolmẽ wã reem sɩd-sɩda" (PDF). Vẽenemã ninsaalb bãngre. Routledge. 17 (1): 69 ⁇ 98. doi:10.1080/08949460490274013. S2CID 29065670. A sẽn maan bũmb ninga. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 mars 2016. B paama-a-la yʋʋm 2016 sigr kiuug rasem a 2.

Zems-n-taase[edit | edit source]

Chhau dance: Spandan, Shiva themes, Carolina Prada (2013)

Chau: Mask-rãmb sẽn pa wõnd a taaba

Purulia distrik web site sẽn tar kibay Chhau zugu

Mauyrbhanj distrik web site sẽn tar kibay ne Chhau

Saraikela Kharsawan distrik web site ne kibay sẽn kẽed ne Chha

[1] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhau_dance#CITEREFWilliams2004

[2] ttp://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00337

[3] ttp://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00337

[4] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhau_dance#CITEREFClaus2003

[5] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC

[6] ttp://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00337

[7] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC

[8] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=prjnAAAAMAAJ

[9] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC

[10] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=prjnAAAAMAAJ

[11] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20090410014517/http://seraikela.nic.in/chhau/chhau_hss.htm#SARAIKELACHHAU

[12] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhau_dance#Claus

[13] ttps://www.worldcat.org/oclc/894030959

[14] ttp://mayurbhanj.nic.in/cult.htm

[15] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purulia_district

[16] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=prjnAAAAMAAJ

[17] ttp://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00011

[18] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20120313004358/http://sangeetnatak.org/sna/chhau-centre.htm

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