Wp/mjx/Vande Bharat Express
Bonde bharot ekspres do sińotiyạ relwe hotete calaḱ kan mit́ talma sạ̃giń suporphasṭ ekspres seb akana. Noa do mit́ rijarb, ear konḍison cear kar seb akana jahã do 800 kilomiṭor(500 mil) khon kom sạ̃giń re menaḱ sohor ko joṛawḱa arbaṅ nitoḱ menaḱ seba ko sãw senoḱ lạgit́ do gel ṭaṛaṅ khon kom okto hatawa. Noa ṭren sorkaraḱ 'mek in inḍia ' renaḱ mit́ hạṭiń tahẽ akana ar 15 phebruari 2019 re komorsial seba re selet́ lena.
Ṭren seṭ do irạl arbaṅ gel turuy ḍibạ te tear akan nije tear akan ilekṭrik malṭipol yuniṭ (EMU) akana. Ṭrenseṭ do cennay re inṭigral koc phekṭri hotete ḍijayin ar benaw akana. 2018 serma re etohoṕ akan ṭrenseṭ re 183 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(114 mayil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić usul ṭaṛaṅ purạw lena ar 180 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(110 mayil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić usul purạw lena, menkhan joto khon baṛti usul roḍ do 160 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(99 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) akana. Jahã do tugolkabad- agra bhag re rani komolapoti(habibᱽgõj) - hajrat nijamudin bonde bharot ekspres ar hajrat nijamudin-khujuraho̱ bonde bharot ekspres hotete hataw akana.
Nagam
[edit | edit source]1960 sal re, sińotiyạ relwe bo̱rḍ ajaḱ ṭren renaḱ spiḍ bạṛti lạgit́ mit́ poṛhon ehoṕ let́a, jahã do nitogaḱ broḍ gej layin re 96 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(60 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić te limiṭeḍ tahẽ akana. pasenjor ṭren ko lạgit́ 160 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(99 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) ar 120 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(75 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) renaḱ muṇut thok renaḱ lạkti tahẽ akana. Rasṭriyo ḍijayin ar sṭanḍarḍs organayjeson(RDSO) noa re kạmi ehoṕ keda ar madras re inṭigral koc phekṭri(ICF) hote te koc ko benaw keda ar ḍijel injin te calaw keda, rajdhani ekspres 120 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ (75 mayil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić te senoḱ re goṛo em daṛeaḱ kan tahena. 1969 serma re ehoṕ lena. 1988 sal re WAP-1 ilekṭrik injin ehoṕ kate sotabᱽdi ekspres do 130 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(81 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić te senoḱ kan tahẽt́.
1990 serma renaḱ mucạt́ serma khon, ICF ko̱c ko do jarmani renaḱ lĩk-ho̱phman-bus hotete ḍijayin akan rukhiyạ ar nawa LHB ko̱c ko hotete bodol ena. ḍisembor 2009 re, sińot sorkar rinić relwe montri do netaraḱ ṭrek ko utnạw sãwte 250-350 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(160-220 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) re seba em lạgit́ te hay spiḍ rel projekṭ ko renaḱ purạw menaḱa. Nawa layin renaḱ benaw ar hay spiḍ rel seba renaḱ etohoṕ sãw. 2014 sal re, muṇ sohor ko tala re semi-hay-spiḍ 160-200 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(99-124 mayil/ṭaṛaṅ) seba ehoṕ lạgit́ projekṭ akana. 2016 sal re gatiman ekspres renaḱ uḍhạw sạgun lena jahã do dilli ar agra tala re 160 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(99 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) renaḱ spiḍ e hameṭ let́a.
Jun 2016 re, sińotiyạ relwe do iccha inṭarnesnal ar ḍo̱mesṭik parṭi ko sãw jumid lekate 5,000 ilekṭrik malṭipol yuniṭ(EMU) benaw lạgit́ eplikeson(RFQ) e lạy ket́a. 2015 serma re, talgo̱ do mumbay-dilli layin re ṭrayil ran leda, jahã do senoḱ 10 ṭaṛaṅ okto re purạw lena, jahã do 117.5 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(73.0 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) renaḱ ebhorej spiḍ akan nitogaḱ joto khon spiḍ ṭren khon 6 ṭaṛaṅ spiḍ tahẽ akana. Rek koāḱ bebosta, kạmihora, ạḍi maraṅ kạwḍi ar mohot eman muṇut katha ko tahẽ akana sińotiyạ relwe sojhe sạgạy re baṅ seṭer daṛeaḱa ar bepar do bay purạw daṛeaḱa.
Semi-hay spiḍ ṭren ko etohoṕ lạgit́ bahre disom renaḱ kurumuṭu ko alga baṅ huy tayom, mek in inḍia kạmihora do lokal thok re nawa jug renaḱ i.em.yu. Semi-hay spiḍ ṭren seṭ ko benaw lạgit́ utnạw eda. ICF do mit́ ạdibạsi ḍijayin re kạmi akada, jahã do inṭigral koc phekṭri re benaw akana.[17] etohoṕ re ṭren 18 ńutum te baḍayoḱ kan noa ṭren seṭ do 2018 re etohoṕ lena ar praybheṭ re noa do 183 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(114 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić tạpis te sen lena.[18] tayom te noa ṭren seṭ renaḱ ńutum bodol kate bonde bharot ko doho ket́a.[19]
Upurum ar arhõ(2019-nitoḱ)
[edit | edit source]15 phebᱽruari 2019 hiloḱ, nãwa dilli ar baraṇasi tala re puylu bonde bharot ekspres maraṅ montri norendro mo̱di hotete nãwa dilli relwe sṭeson re hạryạṛ signal e sodor ket́a.[20][21] ṭren do 95 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(59 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić ghũṭ tạpis te 8 ṭaṛaṅ re 759 kilomiṭor(472 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić sen lena ar hor re menaḱ senoḱ okto do 15% kom lena.[22] okṭobor 2019 re, nãwa dilli ar kaṭra tala re dosar seba ehoṕ lena.[23]
Puylu barya seba renaḱ uḍhạw sạgun tayom, sińotiyạ relwe do inṭarnal mudda ko khạtir nawa relwe renaḱ proḍokson bõd ket́a.[24] 2019 serma re, sińotiyạ relwe do nawa seṭ ko tear lạgit́ ṭenḍar ehoṕ leda.[25] dosar jug renaḱ ṭrenseṭ do 30 sepṭembor 2022 re seba re selet́ lena.[26] cedaḱ se bonde bharot ṭren do sotabᱽdi ekspres lekate kom sạ̃giń renaḱ seba e emoḱ akana, onate noa ṭren do mucạt́ re sotabᱽdi ṭren renaḱ ṭhãw e hatawa. 2023 serma re, ICF do slipar kar sãw ạḍi sur renaḱ ṭrenseṭ benaw eda.[27] ḍisembor 2023 re sorkar do 4,500 bonde bharot ṭren ko calaw renaḱ mucạt́ re uchạn keda.[28]
Paṭri re calaḱ kan huḍiń gạḍi
[edit | edit source]Arhõ baṛay lạgit́ ńel meḱ bonde bharot(ṭrenseṭ) Ṭrenseṭ do 180 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(110 mayil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić te senoḱ re goṛo em daṛeaḱa. Menkhan kạmihora lekate noa do kom tạpis dhạrić te ge simạtbaṛ akana.
Bonde bharot ekspres cennay re inṭigral koc phekṭri tear akan ilekṭrik malṭipol yuniṭ(emyu) ṭren seṭ bebhar eda. Ṭrenseṭ re 16 arbaṅ 8 goṭaṅ mạci kar menaḱa.[29] midṭạṅ manok 16 goṭaṅ kar rek re barya ḍraybhiṅ ṭrelar ko̱c menaḱa, jahã re midṭạṅ re midṭạṅ sãw barya baṅ ḍraybhiṅ ṭrelar koc, penṭo̱graph sãw punyạ ṭrelar koc ar irạl goṭaṅ mo̱ṭor koc menaḱa.[30] dosar jug renaḱ 16 kar ṭrenseṭ renaḱ hamal do 392 ṭon akana ar noa renaḱ puysạ do 115 ko̱ṭi(US$14 miliyon) akana.[31] midṭạṅ koc renaḱ cesis 23 miṭor(75 phiṭ) cetan re menaḱa, ar sṭenles sṭil khon benaw akana.
Ajaḱ ṭrayal ran okto re, ṭrenseṭ 52 sekenḍ re 0-100 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(0-62 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić te 183 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(114 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) dhạrić te sen lena.[18][33] ṭrek bõd utạr, tĩgu ar heć sen renaḱ bhiṛ khạtir te kạmi hora renaḱ hạṭiń do kom akana. 160 kilomiṭor/ṭaṛaṅ(99 mil/ṭaṛaṅ) renaḱ joto khon ḍher kạmi hora 174 kilomiṭor(108 mil) ṭugolkabad-agra hạṭiń re rạni komolapoti(habibᱽgõj) - hajrat nijamudin bonde bharot ekspres ar hajrat nijamudin-khujuraho̱ bonde bharot ekspres hotete hataw akana.[34] Bebosta ko AC Executive Class (EC) AC Chair Car (CC)
Ṭren re oṛaḱ renaḱ barya thok menaḱa jahã re esi ekjikuṭibᱽ klas, primiam klas ar esi cear dosar klas menaḱa. Ekjikyuṭibᱽ klas re 52 goṭaṅ senoḱ hoṛ ko duṛuṕ daṛeaḱa ar noa do 2x2 konphigreson re ro̱menṭibᱽ siṭ ko tear akana.[35] cear kar koc re joto koc re 78 goṭaṅ hoṛ ko tahẽ daṛeaḱa(puylu ar mucạt́ koc re 44 goṭaṅ) ar 2x3 konphigreson re ruwạṛoḱ kan siṭ ko tear akana.[36] koc do purạ earkonḍyuleṭ menaḱa ar ilekṭrik awuṭleṭ, riḍiṅ layiṭ, si.si.ṭi.bi. Kemera, oṭomeṭik ḍo̱r, bayo̱-bekyum ṭoaleṭ, sensor-bad akan daḱ renaḱ ṭap ar pasenjor inphormeson sisṭem te sajaw akana.[37] koc re ro̱lar blayinḍ ar sakam lạgit́ obhor heḍ rek sãwte osar jhorka menaḱa.[38] noa seba re selet́ akan sakam ar jomaḱ bachaw sãwte õḍenaḱ jomaḱ ko emoḱa.[39][40]