Wp/mjx/Munḍa hoṛ

Munḍa hoṛ kodo Bharot upomahadisom reaḱ mit́ṭaṅ Austroasiatic pạrsi te roṛan jạti kana ko. Onko do Munḍari unkuwaḱ janam pạrsi lekate ko roṛa, jahã do Austroasiatic pạrsi reaḱ Munḍa cãga gharõj reaḱ hĩs kana. Munḍa kodo muṇut́ lekate Jharkhanḍ reaḱ etom samaṅ Cho̱ṭagpur Malbhumi ṭoṭha, O̱ṛisa ar Pochim Baṅla re menaḱ koa. Munḍa kodo Modhoprodes reaḱ sor-sopor ṭoṭha são sãote Baṅlades, Nepal ar Tripura ponot reaḱ adom hĩs rehõ ko girạbasi akana. Unku do Bharot reaḱ jotokhon maraṅ lekhasit́ ạdibạsi ko mudre mit́ṭaṅ kana ko. Tripura re Munḍa hoṛko Mura ńutum te hõ opromoḱa.

Ńum chạṭyạr

Munḍa reaḱ menet́ do etom-samaṅ Choṭanagpur reaḱ ato sason lạgit́ Munḍa-Manki bondeć re mit́ṭaṅ ato ren muṛut́. Unku apnar te hoṛo̱ko̱ se ho̱ ko̱ ko men joṅ-a, jahã reaḱ menet́ do hoṛ.robarṭ parkin lạy sodor akada, "Munḍa" ạṛạ do osṭro̱ esiyaṭik ạṛạ murạy reaḱ baṅ kana ar noa reaḱ etohoṕ do huyuḱ kana sõskrit pạrsi. R R Prasad aḱ mot lekate, "Munḍa" ńutum do mit́ṭaṅ ho̱ ạṛạ kana jahã reaḱ menet́ "muṛud". Noa hindu kowaḱ mit́ṭaṅ botor anaḱ ńutum kana ar onate noa mit́ṭaṅ upojạti ńutum re benaw akana. 1976 lekate briṭis sason re upojạti gadel lạgit́ Munḍa ạṛạ bewhar ehoṕ lena.

Nagam

Pạrsi saṇesiyạ powl siḍwel lekate, Munḍa pạrsi ko do 4,000 khon 3,500 serma maṛaṅ samaṅ-samaṅ esiya khon o̱ḍisa reaḱ dipko re ko roṛ et́ tahẽ. (amdaj jisu janam 2000 1500 serma maṛaṅ) Munḍa hoṛ kodo etohoṕ re etom samaṅ esiya khon ko heć len tahẽ, menkhan netaraḱ sińotiyạ hoṛ ko sãw ạḍigan mesayen tahẽ. Nuku do malesiya ren mohe mari ar ṭemunan hoṛ sãw jeneṭik lekate sur supur sạgạy menaḱ kowa.

Nagamiyạ ar es sarma aḱ mot lekate, Munḍa pạrsite roṛet́ jạti ko maren bharot reaḱ samaṅ ṭoṭha ko hameṭ leda. 1500 kuṛi maṛaṅ khon 500 jisu maṛaṅ mudre ol bo̱ydik potoṕ re ayma Munḍa ạṛạ ńam akana. Ona okto mucạt́ set́ cetan gaṅga beḍa re ol ko ol re unkuwaḱ selet́ khon baḍay ńamoḱa je un okto Munḍa pạrsi ko tahẽ kana. Barbarra e̱ o̱yesṭ aḱ mot lekate, Munḍa ko uttor prodes khon janam reaḱ dạbi ko em leda ar nagam re eṭaḱ gadel ko unkuwaḱ mare janam disom re sen lente samaṅ set́ ńir heć lena. Uni lạy leday je unku maren bharot re mit́ṭaṅ "ạḍi maraṅ ṭoṭha" re girạbasi ko tãhe kana. Nahaḱ poṛhon re baḍay ńam akana je, Munḍa pạrsi samaṅ uttor prodes hạbić pasnaw lena, menkhan ona khon do jạsti baṅ ar samaṅ bharot reaḱ arjo pạrsi koy orsoṅ leda, oje do musahor lekan kichu gadel re Munḍa jeneṭik jopṛaw menaḱa. Cetan gaṅga melan re Munḍa ko tahen kana mente dạbi reaḱ jahan pạrsi se jeneṭik reaḱ proman do bạnoḱa.

1903 serma re Cho̱ṭagpur re Munḍa kowaḱ gadel citạr

1800 gelaṅ reaḱ mucạt́ sed,briṭis raj okto re, Munḍa ko bhaṛa em ar jamindar ko ṭhen bondhok kạmiyạ lekate kạmi lạgit́ ko boṛhe lena. 1823-33 re Ko̱l lạṛhạy okte, kichu manki Munḍa unkuwaḱ uyhạr reaḱ ojete lạṛhạy leda ar ṭhiko̱dar, eṭaḱ manki ko jarpa leda, ato̱ ko luṭ leda ar hoṛ ko goć let́ kowa. Noa lạṛhạy tamas uyilkinson daray te ṭekaw lena. 19 sotabdi re, Munḍa phurgạl lạṛhayić birsa Munḍa bhaṛa baṅ emoḱ ar bir reaḱ rin chạṛ reaḱ katha lạy kate hul reaḱ ḍahar ko etohoṕ leda. Briṭis raj mucạt́ lạgit́ ar Munḍa raj thapon lạgit́ uni do gerila lạṛhạy re ạyur e em leda. Uni do ać ren goṛo ko sãwte ko̱mpani ren phạd ko daray te ko hameṭ leda ar jehol rey goć lena. Nithõ jhaṛkhõḍ mạne ńam akada.

1800 gelaṅ re birsa Munḍa lạṛhạy

Bharot reaḱ ạdibạsi ṭoṭha re sẽdra jạti do bạy bạy te cas kạmi ko dhurạw ena ar mat́ reaḱ jinis ko benaw ko ehoṕ keda. Lekhasit́ ạdibạsi thok re Munḍa hoṛ ko selet́ tayom ạḍi gan hoṛ ge nit sorkari kạmiyạ lekate ko bohal akana (bises kayre relwe re).

Pạris hạṭiń ko

Munḍa do ạḍi gan pạris re hạṭiń akana. Munḍa ko mud re klan do kili ńutum te baḍayoḱa, jahã do santaṛi ạṛạ pạris sãw soman geya. Munḍa kodo apat budạ kana ko ar gharõj ńutum do apat khon koṛa gidrạ ko hijuḱ kana. Ạricạli lekate, mit́ gharõj ren hoṛ kodo mit́ janam ayo̱-baba khon janam akana. Munḍa ko mud re klan do ṭo̱ṭem hora khon heć akana. Klas kodo huyuḱ kana:

Porob ar lakcar

Porob

Cas sãw selet́ akan Munḍa hoṛko do mage porob, phagu, korom, baha porob, sorhul ar so̱hray reaḱ sijạn porob ko manaw-a. Adom sijạn porob do dhorom anaḱ porob sãw sãwte heć akana, menkhan onako reaḱ muṛut́ menet́ do menaḱa. Unku ren bõga doyhuyuḱ kana siṅbaṅga .

Munḍari eneć

Akhṛa

Horadiri

Chalpadiri or saasandiri

Magodiri

Ziddiri

Ńutuman hoṛ

Doyamoni Barla (kạmihora 2004–2013), khoboriyạ

Puna Bheṅgra, rajạri neta

Niram Enam Ho̱ro̱, rajạri neta

Amrit Lugun (janam 1962), Greece ren embaseḍor, ṭoṭhakiyạ gopoṛo lạgit́ etom esiyan gonoṭhon ren ḍayrekṭor

Anuj Lugun (janam ,1986), onoliyạ jahãy do 2011 re Bharot Bhuson Agarwal sirphạ e hameṭ leda.

Munmun Lugun, phuṭbol khelõḍiyạ

Arjun Munḍa (janam 1986), rajạri neta

Birsa Munḍa (1875-1900), phurgạl hulgạriyạ, rajạri neta

Jaypal Siṅ Munḍa (1903-1970), rajạri neta, hoki khelõḍiyạ

Jo̱seph Munḍa, rajạri neta

Kariya Munḍa (janam 1936), rajạri neta

Laksman Munḍa, rajạri neta

Nilkanth Siṅ Munḍa (janam ,1968), rajạri neta

Ram Dayal Munḍa (1939-2011), pạrsi ar hoṛ sãwhet́ ren gạkhuṛiyạ

Sukra Munḍa (kạmihora 2016 khon 2020), rajạri neta

Tuṛosi Munḍa (janam 1947), sãwta kạmiyạ

Ro̱hidas Siṅ Nag (1934-2012), "Munḍari bani" ciki ren sirjạwić

Masira Surin, hoki khelõḍiyạ

Rajibh Topno (janam 1974), sińot rinić maraṅ montri ren praybheṭ sekreṭari, jeget bẽk ren ekjikuṭiṕ ḍayrekṭor rinić siniyor eḍbhayjar