Wp/mjx/Koṅkani pạrsi
Koṅkani pạrsi do mit́ Indo̱-Arjo pạrsi kana. Noa do Goa ponot renaḱ sarkari pạrsi kana ar Aińot reaḱ irạlanaḱ sucire menaḱ 22 goṭaṅ pạrsi ko mud re mit́ pạrsi kana. Ona sãote Maharasṭra, Karnaṭaka ar Kerala ponot kore hõ noa pạrsi te ko roṛa.
Hạṭiń[edit | edit source]
Koṅkani do Indo̱-Arjo pạrsi gusṭi reaḱ pạrsi kana. noa do końe Indo̱-Arjo pạrsiko reaḱ Maraṭhi-Koṅkani gusṭi re selet́ menaḱa.
Ńutum[edit | edit source]
noa ge huy dareaḱ-a je mare Koṅkani do noa pạrsi roṛ-hoṛ khạli prakrit ko metaḱ kan tahena. 13 piṛhi (century) laha tenaḱ sãohet́ kore Koṅkani ńutum do baṅ ńam akana. Koṅkani ńutum do 13 anaḱ piṛhi reaḱ Hindu Maraṭhi sont onoṇhiyạ Namdeb (1270-1350) aḱ "obhoṅgo 263" re menaḱa. Koṅkani do aema gan ńutum te baṛayoḱa : Kanarim, Ko̱nkanim, Go̱manṭaki, Bramana ar Goani. Maraṭhi roṛ hoṛ ko noa do Go̱manṭaki ko metawaḱa.
Koṅkani do sadharon lekate Portugij ko Liṅgua Kanarim ar Ketho̱lik misonari ko liṅgua Brahmana ko menaḱ kan tahena. Tayom te Portugij ko Koṅkani do liṅgua Ko̱nkanim lekate lạy ko ehoṕ leda. Noa huy dareaḱ-a je noa ạṛạ pharsi ạṛạ kinara khon heć akana; judi hẽ tobe noa reaḱ menet́ do huyuḱ kana "doreya are reaḱ pạrsi". Tobe muskil do hoyoḱ kana je noa ạṛạ Kanares se Kannaḍa são midoḱ geya.
Otnoḱ cher[edit | edit source]
Koṅkani pạrsi sirjon ar sanam khon jạsti sińot reaḱ pace doreya are ṭoṭha reko roṛa, jahã do ko̱ṅkon ńutum tehõ baṛayoḱa. Nagamiyạ lekate Koṅkani hoṛ kowaḱ janam ṭhãw do Maharashtra reaḱ ko̱ṅkan bibhag, Goa ponot ar damo̱wan ṭoṭha, Karnaṭak reaḱ uttạr Kannad (etom Kannad) honot, ona sãote kerala reaḱ Kasaṛgo̱ḍ, Ko̱ḍi, Alappujha, Tiruvanantpuram honot eman. Joto ṭoṭha rege eṭaḱ eṭaḱ apnar caṅga pạrsi lekate eṭaḱ eṭaḱ aṛaṅ, ạṛạ mala, rạṛ ar adom jokheć eṭaḱ ronoṛ hõ uthnạw akana.
Sińot reaḱ hoṛlekha bibhag 2001 reaḱ amdaj lekate, sińot re 2,489,016 gan Ko̱ṅko̱ni roṛ-hoṛ menaḱ koa. Sińot reaḱ hoṛlekha bibhag, 2011 reaḱ lekha re sińot re 2,256,502 gan hoṛ Koṅkani ko roṛ-a mentey uduḱ akada, jahã do goṭa disom hoṛ mud re 0.19% kana. noa mud re 788,294 do kornaṭok re, 964,305 do Goa re, 399,255 do Maharashtra re ar 69,449 do Kerala re menaḱ koa. noa do daṛe lekate schedule pạrsiko reaḱ thok re 19 anaḱ ṭhạ̃o re menaḱa. 2001-2011 dosok re sińot ren ko̱ṅko̱ni roṛ-hoṛ ko 9.34% ko kom akana.
Nitogaḱ sthiti[edit | edit source]
Koṅkani pạrsi latar reaḱ karon ko khạtir ạḍi din khon adoḱ reaḱ botor re menaḱa:
Koṅkani reaḱ bhegar, adom adom apnar caṅga pạrsi mud re ạḍi judạ.
Goa re Portugij reaḱ orsoṅ, jạsti kayte ketho̱lik re. Urdu hotete muslạ gharõj kore lahanti.
Eṭaḱ eṭaḱ dhorom ar jạti mud re khạpạri; dhorom kore Koṅkani kalcar reaḱ dosar thok reaḱ mạn.
Koṅkani hoṛ kowaḱ sińot ar jeget reaḱ eṭaḱ ṭoṭha kore sen ucạṛ. Birdạgaṛ, kolej ar jeget birdạgaṛ kore Koṅkani paṛhaw reaḱ daw kom geya. Nit hạbit́ hõ Goa re thora gan ko̱ṅko̱ni birdạgaṛ menaḱa. Koṅkoṇ ṭoṭha barhe re Koṅkani paṛhaw reaḱ daw bạnuḱ te.
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Koṅkani ronoṛ eṭaḱ Indo̱-Arjo pạrsiko leka são mit́ leka geya. Tobe, Koṅkani ronoṛ re drabiṛ pạrsi ko reaḱ orsoṅ hõ menaḱ geya. Koṅkani pạrsi ạṛạ gaban ar mo̱rpholoji re ạḍi kisạṇ geya.
Eṭaḱ Indo̱-Arjo pạrsiko lekage, ko̱ṅko̱ni do mit́ m.j.k pạrsi kana, mendo noa pạrsi reaḱ ạyạt kore kanwa mucạt́ re tahena.
Joto lekan kanwa, tonoṛ, gunun, ar obhoy totsomo baṅkhan todbhoṕ kana.
Ạṛạ bagwan[edit | edit source]
Koṅkani ạṛạ ko ayma lekan pheḍat khon heć akana. Muṛut́ pheḍat do huyuḱ kana prakrit. Ona te goṭa Koṅkani ạṛạ bagwan re Sanskrit reaḱ ạḍi maraṅ ṭhạ̃w menaḱa. Ko̱ṅko̱ni ạṛạ murạy do totsomo (Sanskrit rin ạṛạ jaha leka bodol begor ge), tadbhav (Sanskrit khon uthnạw), desi (panar ạṛạ) ar ontor desi (bidesi) ạṛạ kate benaw rakaṕ akana. Ạṛạ ko reaḱ eṭaḱ pheḍat do huyuḱ kana arobik, pharsi ar turkik. Mucạt́ redo konnoṛ, Maraṭhi ar portugij noa reaḱ ạṛạ murạy re kisạṇ akada.
Ol tohor[edit | edit source]
Ko̱ṅko̱ni ạṛạ moṇe goṭan ciki te olakana, noa kodo: debnagri, konnoṛ, latin, malayalom, arobik.
Koṅkani pạrsi ayma ciki te oloḱ pạrsi kana, oka mit́ ciki hõ joto jayga redo baṅko beohar kana. Nahaḱ din re Koṅkani pạrsi more goṭan ciki debnagri, ro̱man, konnoṛ, malayalom ar pharsi-arobik teko olet́ kana. Goa ar Maharashtra re sorkari lekate Koṅkani ol lạgit́ te debnagri ciki ko beohar kana.
Ciki ar bornomala[edit | edit source]
ama ciki, kedec ciki, ar ona reaḱ sajaw:
| अ | a
/ɐ/ |
आ | ā
/ɑː/ |
इ | i
/i/ |
ई | ī
/iː/ |
उ | u
/u/ |
ऊ | ū
/uː/ |
ए | e
/eː/ |
ऐ | ai
/aːi/ |
ओ | o
/oː/ |
औ | au
/aːu/ |
अं | aṃ
/ⁿ/ |
अः | aḥ
/h/ |
| क | ka
/k/ |
ख | kha
/kʰ/ |
ग | ga
/ɡ/ |
घ | gha
/ɡʱ/ |
ङ | ṅa
/ŋ/ |
| च | ca
/c, t͡ʃ/ |
छ | cha
/cʰ, t͡ʃʰ/ |
ज | ja
/ɟ, d͡ʒ/ |
झ | jha
/ɟʱ, d͡ʒʱ/ |
ञ | ña
/ɲ/ |
| ट | ṭa
/ʈ/ |
ठ | ṭha
/ʈʰ/ |
ड | ḍa
/ɖ/ |
ढ | ḍha
/ɖʱ/ |
ण | ṇa
/ɳ/ |
| त | ta
/t̪/ |
थ | tha
/t̪ʰ/ |
द | da
/d̪/ |
ध | dha
/d̪ʱ/ |
न | na
/n/ |
| प | pa
/p/ |
फ | pha
/pʰ/ |
ब | ba
/b/ |
भ | bha
/bʱ/ |
म | ma
/m/ |
| य | ya
/j/ |
र | ra
/r/ |
ल | la
/l/ |
व | va
/ʋ/ | ||
| ष | ṣa
/ʂ/ |
श | śa
/ɕ, ʃ/ |
स | sa
/s/ |
ह | ha
/ɦ/ | ||
| ळ | ḷha
//ɭʱ// |
क्ष | kṣa
/kʃ/ |
ज्ञ | jña
/ɟʝɲ/ |
Caṅga pạrsi ko[edit | edit source]
Koṅkani ạḍi kom hoṛ ko roṛ rehõ noa reaḱ ayma caṅga pạrsi menaḱa. Koṅkani reaḱ noa caṅga nạri ạḍi alga tege hạṭiń ńamoḱa dhorom, ṭoṭha, jạt ar ṭoṭhakiyạ aṛaṅ lekate.
Roṛoṛ hoṛ kowaḱ nagam ghoṭon ar lakcar jopṛaw ńel kate, en ji kelkar noa ko caṅga pạrsi peya muṛut́ hạṭiń rey hạṭiń akada
Etom Koṅkani: noa caṅga pạrsi do Maharashtra reaḱ sindhurga honot reko roṛ-a ar Maraṭhi são noa reaḱ ạḍi keṭeć sạgạy menaḱa.
Talma Koṅkani: noa ṭaḱ caṅga pạrsi do Goa ar etom kornaṭok reko roṛ-a, noa reaḱ do portugij ar konnoṛ lakcar são sur sạgạy menaḱa.
Końe Koṅkani: noa caṅga pạrsi kornaṭok ar kerala reaḱ kasaṛgo̱ḍ ṭoṭha, jahã do Kannar ṭoṭha (Mangalo̱ṛ, Udupi) mente baṛayoḱa reko roṛ-a ar noa são tulu ar konnoṛ pạrsi reaḱ sạgạy menaḱa.