Wp/lus/Hindi ṭawng
Hindi (हिन्दी) hi India rama ṭawng pui ber pakhat, Delhi leh a chhehvêl leh Uttar Pradesh khawthlang lama Khariboli ṭawng aṭanga lo pianga lo ṭhang chho a ni.
Ṭawng tualleng chinah chuan Urdu nen a inhriat pawh tawn theih a, amaherawhchu ṭawng un leh hlathü lamah a inhriat pawh tawn theihna a tlahniam tial tial. Hindi leh Urdu hmangtute hi chhiar belhbawmin khawvêla ṭawng hmangtu ngah ber palina a ni a, amaherawhchu Hindi Tihrúalkhài (मानक हिन्दी/Standard Hindi) hmangtu zât chiah erawh chu hriat theih a ni lo. Ethnologue-in kum 2009-a a chhûtnaah erawh chuan Khariboli ṭawng hmangtu hi mi mtd. 180 vêl an ni; chu chu kum 1991-a an lo chhiar tawhna behchhana chhût a ni.
Dànchàwi dinhmun
[edit | edit source]Kum 1950 khan Indiaram Dànpui chuan Hindi hi Indiaram pum dànchàwi ṭawng (official language) pakhatah a lo pawm tawh a. Sâp ṭawng nèn hman dun chhoh va, kum 1965-a dànchawi ṭawng awmchhun nihtir a lo tum rilrù a ni. Amaherawhchu Indiaram chhim lama dodàlna a nasat avangin Sâp ṭawng hi tiam chin awm lova dànchàwi ṭawng pakhata hman chhunzawm zël a rél leh ta zâwk a ni. Hindi hi India hê'ng rambungahte hian dànchàwi ṭawng a ni:
Rambung dang, entirnan Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu ladt. -ah te erawh dànchàwi ṭawng a ni lo va, mahsé sikul naupangte erawhchu kum thum tal tihmâkmawha zirtir an ni.
A lo chhuah dàn
[edit | edit source] Chanchin kimchang : Hindi hunhlui-chanchin
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Hindi hi Delhi leh a chhehvêl ṭawng tualleng Khariboli aṭanga lo piang chhuak a ni a, a tihrualkhainaah (a dik leh dik lo thliarna latd.) pawh hê'ng vêla an hmandàn mila siamrem a ni ber. He ṭawng hi kum zabi 17-naa Mughal lalram rorelnaah dinhmun chungnung bîk leh vohbîk luahtir a ni a, Rorèlna ṭawng pui ber a ni. Indiaram zalen hnu khan India sawrkar chuan Urdu laka ṭhenhrana Hindi tihrualkhai zai a rél a, hê'ng thuvawnte behchhan hian hna a thawk a ni:
- Hindi kalphung tihrualkhai. Hemi atan hian India sawrkar chuan ṭhukhâwma ngaihtuahtu pawl a din a, he thu ngaihtuahtu pawlte thutlûkna hi kum 1958 khan Tùnlai Hindi Kalphung tih lehkhabua chhuah a ni.
- Hindi ziakdàn tihrualkhai. Hindi hi Devanagari hawrawp-a ziak tùra tih a ni a, a ziakdàn kalphung pawh mumal taka duan a ni.
- Hindi ṭawngkauchheh tihrualkhai. Hindi un deuhva Persia ṭawng thumal awm rëng rëng chu a tam thei ang bera Sanskrit thumala thlâk tùra rawt a ni.
Hindi thuhlaril
[edit | edit source]| Chanchin kimchang : Hindi thuhlaril
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Hindi thuhlaril hi zephung lian deuh deuh palia ṭhen hlawk theih a ni a: Bhakti thuhlaril (sakhuana lam hawi), Shringar thuhlaril (mawina leh hmelṭhatna chawivulna), Veer-Gatha thuhlaril (indonaa pasalṭhate chawivulna) leh Adhunik thuhlaril (tùnlai kalphung).
Sâpho rorèl lai khan Hindi hi ṭawng tualleng tihlar hlawh ber a ni a, a nasa thei ang bera tih-sanskrit a ni. Thuhlaril hindi (Sahityik Hindi) ziakmi Swami Dayananda Saraswati te, Bhartendu Harishchandra leh mi dang dangten an rawn tilar chho va. Devak Nandan Khatri-a ziah Chandrakanta hi Tùnlai hindia ziah thutluang lehkhabu hmasa bera ngaih a ni. Tùnlai hindi hmanga ziakmi thawh hlâwk ber nia ngaih chu Premchand-a niin a thuziakte hian ngaihhlut a hlawh hlawm hlë.
Thulâkna
[edit | edit source]- Ethnologue, "Hindi" [[1]]
- Tiwari, Bholanath, हिन्दी भाषा, Kitab Pustika, Allahabad, ISBN 81-225-0017-X.