Wp/lua/Ethics

Bienzedi bietu bidi bilondeshila mikenji ya bikadilu bilenga. Tudi ne bua kuelangana meeji bua malu aa mu mishindu ibidi. Mu mushindu wa pa buawu, meji a bikadilu adi atangila ngenyi ya tshidi tshimpe, tshidi tshiakane ne tshidi muntu mua kuenza.

Katshia ku tshikondo tshia kale, bikadilu bia bungi biakapatuka, tshionso tshia kudibi tshidi tshidiamba muditshi "tshimpe", ke bualu kayi lungenyi lua bikadilu luvua ne mudimu wa kukebulula bulelela buabi anyi nshindamenu yabi. Bitupa bisatu bitambe buimpe bia malu a bikadilu bidi[1]:

• Bikadilu: tshienzedi tshionso tshia bikadilu tshidi ne tshia kulumbuluishibua bilondeshile diumvuangana diatshi (anyi dibenga diumvuangana) ne midimu kampanda. Tshienzedi etshi tshidi tshilumbuluishibua bilondeshile bipeta biatshi

•consequentialisme: tshienzedi tshionso tshidi ne tshia kulumbuluishibua bilondeshile bipeta biatshi (mu malu a nsombelu muimpe mu tshilumbu tshia utilitarianisme);

• Bikadilu bia buimpe: muntu yonso udi ulumbuluishibua bilondeshile bumuntu buende, buimpe buende.

Bikadilu bidi bikuata mishindu ya bungi ya dienza mudimu, bu mudi bikadilu bia mikenji, bidi bitamba kuimanyina pa lungenyi lua buimpe ne luakane ludi lufila kudi ngenyi ya bululame bua bantu ne malongesha bu mudi utilitarianisme, egalitarianisme, ne libertarianisme. Applied ethics pashishe udi utamba kuimanyina pa dienza dia mikenji ya bikadilu bilenga. Bikadilu bia diumvuija, ku luseke luende, bidi bitangila diumvuija dia malu adibu bitaba ne mikenji ya bikadilu idi mitamba kuikalaku mu nsombelu, ne bunene buayi bua kale. Mu matunga adi kaayi a Nzambi, mikenji ya bikadilu itu misangu ya bungi ilombodibua kudi lungenyi lua malu a tshididi, kadi idi kabidi mua kulombodibua kudi bilele, ntendelelu, malongesha ne bilele bia ditunga kampanda, tshisumbu kampanda tshia bantu anyi ndongoluelu kampanda wa malu a tshididi. Meta-ethics, ku luseke luende, udi utangila diumvuija dia ngenyi mifila kudi ethics, ukeba, tshilejilu, bua kumanya ni meyi a bikadilu adi mua kuikala malelela, anyi ni dimanya dia bikadilu didi mua kuenzeka.

Bena meji ba bungi mbapatule ngenyi mu malu a bikadilu, bu mudi: Friedrich Nietzsche, Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Bentham, Epicurus, Platon, ne Baruch Spinoza. Bua bena meji bu mudi Aristote ne Kant, tshipatshila tshia malu a bikadilu ntshia kumvuija tshidi ne bua kuikala. [2] Bikadilu bidi bileja meyi a mikenji, a mikenji, anyi a dikonkonona bu mudi: malu adibu ne bua kuenza mu tshitupa kampanda. Padiku kakuyi tshipiminu tshia bikadilu, dilumbuluisha dia bikadilu didi dikuluka muinshi mua tshilema tshia meji tshidibu babikila ne: paralogisme wa bufuki.

Bikadilu bidi ne buenzeji pa malu a nsombelu, pa kuenza mudimu mu dienza dia mikenji ne mikenji, ne pa malu a muntu nkayende, pa kulombola diela meji pa mikalu ne midimu ya muntu nkayende. Mu nsombelu wa buloba bujima ne wa bantu ba mishindu ne mishindu mudi bikadilu bia bungi bishilangane, mushindu wa matuku etu aa wa malu a bikadilu, bilondeshile John Rawls, udi anu wa kukeba bua kuikala ne nkatshinkatshi. [3]