Wp/kus/Kui
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| Subclass of | Turkic-Mongolic music, Kazakh folk music  |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Kazakhstan |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00996, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00996, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00996 |
Kui anɛ Kipchak instrumental musical, ka ba zaŋ teŋ la zug yʋ’ʋma la’adi maal, tiraag nɛ la’abanɛ dⴢlisid pɛpsigin woo dombyra, qobys, syrnai, ka ba bɛdigʋ an pluked dombyra n an Kazakhs nɛ Komuz la, Kyrgyzs dim, 20th century yʋʋma la ni. Kazakh Soviet yʋm-yʋmnib da zaŋ kus yʋʋma la mak malima nii gⴢs.
Kui in Kazakh culture performed with dombyra
Kazakh buudi malima nii, ba da zamis kui yʋʋma la nɛ baŋ i li sʋ’ʋŋa n kɛ ka li dⴢlisi paae nya’aŋ dim, ka li pʋ sⴢb nɛ bɛ gbaʋŋin nɛ ka ba zamisɛ. Woo Kazakh folk kui “aqsaq gulan” (lame onager) da si’iŋ nɛ 13th century la ni. Kazakh kuis yʋm-yʋmnib la bɛdigʋ da bɛnɛ Middle Ages la saŋa. Amaa malima la da bⴢⴢdim da pin’il nɛ 19th nɛ 20th centuries la saŋa. Kui malʋŋ la’am da paas nɛ nⴢⴢr pian’ad n pa’an nyain lin naam si’em, nimbanɛ paasi li ni, linɛ kɛ ka li naam nɛ banɛ kɛ ka li zi’en. Ba ya’a ye ba di’em kui la, onɛ yi ye o di’em la da ye tis nɛ sⴢlʋŋi pa’ali li naamʋgi an si’em, ka li kɛ ka nidib la wʋmi li malisim sʋŋa. Amaa saŋkanɛ ka ba na ti wɛlig kui malʋŋ la nⴢⴢrin pian’ad nɛ bʋn-nwɛn’ɛda la nɛ banɛ di’emid kuishi la bi’ela (performer of kui) nan kpɛn bɛnɛ malʋŋ kaŋa ni.
Banɛ da pin’il kui yʋʋma la yʋʋm kʋdʋgin la
Dombyra kuis naamʋg da anɛ kʋdʋmin sa, centuries-old folk yʋʋma la’ad di’ema malʋŋ, yʋʋm-yʋmnib hali, banɛ da nam mⴢr paŋ, ba bɛdigʋ bɛ Kazakh gbana ni.
- ·Sypyra-Zhyrau (14th century)
- ·Asanqaigy (14th-15th century)
- ·Baizhigit 15th-16th century)
Amaa malima la nⴢbigir saŋa da ti naam nɛ 19th century la teŋsʋk saŋa. Saŋkan composers, yʋʋm-yʋmnib da bɛ bɛdigʋ hali, ka maal kui yʋʋma.
- ·Kurmangazy Sagyrbai (1823-1889)
- ·Mahambet, Otemisuly (Utemisov, 1803-1846)
- ·Dauletkerel Shygauly (Shygaev, 1821-1875)
- ·Tattimbet Qarangapuly (Qarangapon, 1817-1862)
- ·Abyl Taraquly, (Taragov, 1820-1892)
- ·Esbai (1810-1901)
- ·Qazangap (1854-1921)
- ·Toqa Shonmannuly (Shonmanov, 1830-1904) nɛ sieba
Yʋʋm-yʋm puak Dina Nurpeisyzy, bɛɛ Dina Nurpisova (1861-1955) mɛ da pin’ili o yʋʋma tʋʋma.
Kui nam buudi
Ti mⴢr nɛ folk kuis an buudi la din nɛ linɛ ka yʋʋm-yʋmnib maal la. Ba yɛl ye folks kuis la tun’oe da si’iŋ nɛ ritual worship acts of Nomad buudi pʋ’ʋsim malima namin. Kuishi di’ema nid wʋsa (performer of kui) da mⴢrɛ o mɛŋ yam nɛ o mɛŋ vɛllim.
Kuis yɛlzut la bɛɛ li gʋʋlim hali nɛ yam dim tɛn’ɛsig zaŋi kɛn ban da nam pʋ zaŋi lii lieb di’ema. Woo Dauletkerei’s kui, “Zhiger” ka li gbin an “vʋm paŋ” bɛɛ Qazangap’s kui “kolil” ka li gbin an “m siig yʋʋma”, Osen Tore’s kui, “Ottin Dunie, Kettin Dunie” ka li gbin an “ m saŋa gaad ya”. Kui sieba pa’annɛ saalibi tɛn’ɛsid si’em (Qurmangazy’s kui “Toremurat” –dau yʋ’ʋr; Mamen’s kui “Aqsholpan” pu’a yʋ’ʋr; Dina’s “Asem Qonyr”). Kui sieba yɛt nɛ teŋ duadig yɛla-vast fields of steppe: Qurmangazy’s kui “sary arqa “ ka li gbin anɛ Golden Steppe” ; Tittimbet’s kui “sarzhailau” –Golden Plateau”; Bogda’s kui “Zhem Suynyn Tasyny” ka lin an “Flood of the Zhem River”.
Ba maal kuis sieba zaŋi tis nɛ saŋa kuishis yʋʋm-yʋmnib vʋm pʋʋgin yɛla. (Qumangazy’s Kui “Aman Bol Sheshem, Aman Bol “ gbin anɛ “ Gu’usim, Mma, Gu’usim”, Tittimbet’s Kui “Kokei kesti” bɛɛ pʋʋgin daamʋg; Dina’s “Qaraqasqa At” li gbin an ye, wied sabil kanɛ k’o zugin las pielim.
Ba maal kuis sieba zaŋi tis nɛ, bʋn-in’ada nɛ bʋn-kⴢnbid yɛla: folks’ “Bozingen” anɛ yʋgʋm-nya’an piel, Telkqonyr- ka lin gbin an, wife yʋ’ʋr: Ashimtai’s “Qonyr Qaz” anɛ gumpʋzɛr buudi onɛ si’im an woo am nɛ. Sugir’s Kui “Aqqu” an Wwan piel la. Nomads dⴢlsid nɛ kuis n pa’an nɛ ba daar woo bɛllim teŋgbaʋŋ la ni an siem.
Kui malʋŋ
Kui yʋʋma anɛ buudi ayi; tokpe kuis, lin bɛnɛ Kazakhstan ya-tuon (prevail in Western Kazakhstan) nɛ Shertpe kuis, lin bɛnɛ Kazakhstan ya-nya’aŋ, ya-dagⴢbʋg nɛ teŋsʋk la, (Eastern Southern and Central Kazakhstan). Shertpe kui bɛɛ li kⴢn nɛ tokpe kui anɛ ye yɛlzug la, lin an si’em la, nɛ di’ema la. Ya-tuon tokpe kuis pa’an nɛ ba di’ema, pa’an nɛ ba kpinnim mⴢr paŋ si’em. Ba maan yʋʋm bama ka li dⴢlsid nɛ li wada- yɛlsieba makid nɛ Dombyra la.
Shertpe kuis yʋʋma pʋ mⴢr wada bamaa yʋʋma la maaligi nɛ. ba malis nɛ hali, ka vuud la an woo yʋʋm kanɛ pʋn bɛ din nɛ. yʋʋma nam la anɛ sʋ’ʋŋa.
Nimbanɛ maan tokpe kuis anɛ Qumangazy, Dauletkerey, Qazangap, Abyl, Esir, Esbay, Dina nɛ Sheitek. Onɛ yʋ’ʋri yi paalʋ hali kui malʋŋ ni anɛ Kumangazy yi ya-tuon kui malʋŋ sakurin la. O maal nɛ yʋʋma kanɛ di ya’an kui yʋʋm-yʋmnib la wʋsa sʋʋgin. Banɛ maan Shertpe malʋŋ la anɛ Baizhigit, Tattimbet, Toqa, Dairabai, Sugur, Rizdyq, Abiken, Telogen nɛ sieba.
Gbamvɛɛnsa
Li yinɛ Republic of Kazakhstan gbana zamisig yin, National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Books in Russian.
1.Akishev K.A. "Kurgan of Issyk"- Moscow, 1978.
2. Alekseeva L. A., Nazhmedenov Zh. "Uniqueness of the kazakh dombyra sound and tuning/kazakh Culture researches.Scientific articles brochure, Almaty, 2000.
3. Alekseeva L.A., Nazhmedenov Zh. Featuers of Kazakh Dombyra my // i vselennaya journal. 2001. No.1 (16), p52-54.
4. Amanov B. Terms of compositions fordombyra kui. Alma-Ata, 1982.
5.Aravin P.V. Steppe's stars. - Alma-ata, 1979
6. Aravin P.V. Great Kuishi Dauletkerei.- Alma-ata 1964.
7. Asafjes B.V. About Kazakh folks music/ // My Musical culture of Kazakhstan.-Alma-Ata 1955.
.8. Baramankulov M Turkic space .Almaty, 1996
9. Vyzgo T Musical instruments of the Central Asia.,- Moscow, 1980.
10. Gizatov B. Social and esthetic basics of Kazakh folk instrumental music,- Alma -Ata,1989.
11. Zhubanov A. K. Dombyra-Kazakh national instrument.// Muzykoznanie journal,-Alma-Ata 1976.p.8-10.
12. Stakhov V. Arts od violin master.- Leningrad, 1988.
13. Nazhmedenov Zh. Acoustic features of Kazakh Dombyra. Aktobe, 2003.
14 Utegalieva S.I. Dombyra tradition in Mangystau Almaty 1997.