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This list of sovereign states provides an overview of sovereign states around the world, with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

Membership within the United Nations system divides the 206 listed states into three categories: 193 member states,[1] two observer states, and 11 other states. The sovereignty dispute column indicates states whose sovereignty is undisputed (190 states) and states whose sovereignty is disputed (16 states).

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognized to have de facto status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

List of states

[edit | edit source]
Short and formal names Membership within the UN System Template:Wp/kri/Refn Sovereignty dispute Template:Wp/kri/Refn Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty Template:Wp/kri/Refn
UN member states or observer states
Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan UN member state None

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Albania – Republic of Albania UN member state None

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Al Jazair – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria UN member state None

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Andorra – Principality of Andorra UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentAndorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[2] who himself is appointed by the Holy See.

Angola– Republic of Angola UN member state None

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Antigua èn Barbuda UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentAntigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[Note 1] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[Note 2][3]

Arjèntina– Argentine Republic[Note 3] UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentArgentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city.

Armènia– Republic of Armenia UN member state Not recognized by Pakistan[4][5][6]

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSee Armenia–Pakistan relations and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Australia – Commonwealth of Australia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentAustralia is a Commonwealth realm[Note 1] and a federation of six states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are:

Òstèrrik– Republic of Austria UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the European Union.Template:Wp/kri/Refn Austria is a federation of nine states (Bundesländer).

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Azerbaijan UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentAzerbaijan contains two autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[Note 2] The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, a de facto state, has been established in the latter.

Bahamia – Commonwealth of the Bahamas UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain UN member state None

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Bangladèsh– People's Republic of Bangladesh UN member state None

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Barbadòs UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentBarbados is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Bièlorussia– Republic of Belarus UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentBelarus forms the Union State jointly with Russia.

Bèlgia– Kingdom of Belgium UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentBelize is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Benin[Note 4] UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Bhutan UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Plurinational State of Bolivia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentBosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent units:

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative unit.[7]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Botswana UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federative Republic of Brazil UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentBrazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Bulgaria UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 5] UN member state None

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Burma → Myanmar

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Burundi UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Cambodia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Cameroon UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 6] UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentCanada is a Commonwealth realm[Note 1] and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Cabo Verde UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Chad UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Chile UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentChile has two "special territories" in the Valparaíso Region:

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – People's Republic of China[Note 7] UN member state Partially unrecognized. Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.[Note 2] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

China is not recognised by 21 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise Taiwan (the Republic of China).[Note 8]

China claims, but does not control, Taiwan which is governed by a rival administration.[Note 9]

China controls part of the territory of Kashmir, which is disputed by India and Pakistan.

China, Republic of → Taiwan
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Colombia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Union of the Comoros UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentComoros is a federation of 3 islands.[Note 10][8]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 11] UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 12] UN member state None

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Cook Islands → Cook Islands

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Costa Rica UN member state None

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Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Croatia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Cuba UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Cyprus UN member state Not recognized by Turkey[9]

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus".[10]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 13] UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North
Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Denmark UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] The Danish Realm includes two self-governing territories:

The designation "Denmark" can refer either to one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Djibouti UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Commonwealth of Dominica UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[Note 14] UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Ecuador UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Arab Republic of Egypt UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of El Salvador UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Equatorial Guinea UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – State of Eritrea UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Estonia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentEthiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Fiji UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentFiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[Note 2][11][12]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Finland UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – French Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] France contains five overseas regions/departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Gabonese Republic UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Islamic Republic of the Gambia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentGeorgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[Note 2] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federal Republic of Germany UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Länder).

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Ghana UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Hellenic Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.[13]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentGrenada is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Guatemala UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Guinea[Note 16] UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Guinea-Bissau UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Co-operative Republic of Guyana UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Haiti UN member state None

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Holy See → Vatican City

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Honduras UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 17] UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of India UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentIndia is a federation of 29 states and seven union territories. India claims the entire territory of Kashmir as one of its states, but only exercises control over part of it, while the rest is controlled by the People's Republic of China and Pakistan.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Indonesia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentIndonesia has five provinces with official special autonomy status: Aceh, Jakarta SCR, Yogyakarta SR, Papua, and West Papua.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Islamic Republic of Iran UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Iraq UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentIraq is a federation[Note 10][14] of 18 governorates, three of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag[Note 18] UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – State of Israel UN member state Partially unrecognized

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentIsrael exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,[16] an annexation not recognised by the international community.[17] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.[18][19][20][21][22] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members (including most Arab states) and by the SADR.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Italian Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] Italy has five autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentJamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Kazakhstan UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Kenya UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Kiribati UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Democratic People's Republic of Korea UN member state Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentNorth Korea is not recognised by two UN members: Japan and South Korea.[Note 19][23]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Korea UN member state Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSouth Korea contains 1 autonomous region, Jeju-do.[Note 2][24] South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.[Note 19]

Kosovo → Kosovo

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – State of Kuwait UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kyrgyz Republic UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Lao People's Democratic Republic UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Latvia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Lebanese Republic UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Lesotho UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Liberia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – State of Libya UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentLibya has one self-declared autonomous region:[25]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Principality of Liechtenstein UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Lithuania UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Macedonia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentBecause of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Madagascar UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Malawi UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMalaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Maldives UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Mali UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Malta UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of the Marshall Islands UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Islamic Republic of Mauritania UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Mauritius UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – United Mexican States UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Moldova UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMoldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Principality of Monaco UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Morocco UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMorocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Mozambique UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of the Union of Myanmar[Note 20][26] UN member state None

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Nagorno-Karabakh → Nagorno-Karabakh
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Namibia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Nauru UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentNepal is a federation composed of 14 zones.

Template:Wp/kri/Flagcountry – Kingdom of the Netherlands UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:

The monarch and his ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of its constituent country, the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands (Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius) became special municipalities of the constituent country of the Netherlands.

The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentNew Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[Note 1] and has the dependent territories of:

New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations Template:Wp/kri/Numrel and Template:Wp/kri/Numrel UN members respectively.[27][28][29] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[30] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Nicaragua UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentNicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Niger UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federal Republic of Nigeria UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentNigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.

Niue → Niue

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Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus
North Korea → Korea, North
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Norway UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Norway has the dependent territories of:

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Sultanate of Oman UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Islamic Republic of Pakistan UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentPakistan is a federation of four provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes the entire territory of Kashmir with India, and part of it with the People's Republic of China. It exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[31][32] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[33][34] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[Note 21]

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[35][36] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfill the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan on their behalf.[36][37][38]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Palau UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentUnder Compact of Free Association with the United States.

Template:Wp/kri/Flagcountry – State of Palestine UN observer state; member of one UN specialized agency Partially unrecognized. Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from Template:Wp/kri/Numrec states.[39] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on much of the territory that it proclaimed.[40] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[41] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[42] and an observer state in the UN.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Panama UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Independent State of Papua New Guinea UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentPapua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[Note 1] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Paraguay UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Peru UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of the Philippines UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe Philippines contains one autonomous region, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Poland UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Portuguese Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.[Note 2]

Pridnestrovie → Transnistria
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – State of Qatar UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Republic of Korea → Korea, South
Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the
Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Russian Federation UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentRussia is officially a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[Note 2] Russia also forms the Union State jointly with Belarus.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Rwanda UN member state None

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Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSaint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[Note 1] and is a federation[Note 10] of 14 parishes.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSaint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSaint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Independent State of Samoa UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of San Marino UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSão Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Senegal UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Serbia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSerbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[Note 2] The latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Seychelles UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Sierra Leone UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Singapore UN member state None

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Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Slovak Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Slovenia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Federal Republic of Somalia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSomalia is presently divided with the official Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) controlling only part of the country. Puntland and Galmudug have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the FGS does not recognise),[43]Template:Wp/kri/Request quotation while Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.

Somaliland → Somaliland
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of South Africa UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

South Korea → Korea, South
South Ossetia → South Ossetia
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of South Sudan UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSouth Sudan is a federation of 10 states.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Spain UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 special autonomous cities.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentFormerly known as Ceylon.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of the Sudan UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSudan is a federation of 17 states. Disputes Abyei and Kafia Kingi with South Sudan.

Sudan, South → South Sudan
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Suriname UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Swaziland UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Sweden UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Swiss Confederation UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentSwitzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Syrian Arab Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe Syrian National Coalition, which is recognized as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region:

Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Tajikistan UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentTajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – United Republic of Tanzania UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentTanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Thailand UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Timor-Leste → East Timor
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Togolese Republic UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Kingdom of Tonga UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Transnistria → Transnistria
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentTrinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Tunisia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Turkey UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentTuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 1]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Uganda UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentMember of the EU.[lower-alpha 1] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[Note 1] consisting of four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:

The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – United States of America UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentThe United States is a federation of 50 states and 1 federal district. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:

It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:

It also has sovereignty over the following incorporated territories:

Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:

It also disputes sovereignty over the following territories:

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Oriental Republic of Uruguay UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Uzbekistan UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentUzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[Note 2]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Vanuatu UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Vatican City State UN observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentAdministered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to Template:Wp/kri/Numrec.[44] The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[41] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentVenezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Socialist Republic of Vietnam UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Yemen UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Zambia UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Zimbabwe UN member state None

Template:Wp/kri/Extent

UN member states and observer states
↓ Other states ↓ Template:Wp/kri/Anchor
Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Abkhazia No membership Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentRecognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela,[45] Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[46] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag Member of eight UN specialized agencies None
(See political status)

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA state in free association with New Zealand, Template:Wp/kri/Numrel. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[30] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Kosovo Member of two UN specialized agencies Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentPursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[47] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has Template:Wp/kri/Numrec and the Republic of China. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic[Note 22] No membership Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA de facto independent state,[48][49][50] recognised only by Abkhazia,[51] South Ossetia[51] and Transnistria.[51][52] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[53]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag Member of five UN specialized agencies None
(See political status)

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA state in free association with New Zealand, Template:Wp/kri/Numrel. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[30] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus No membership Claimed by Cyprus

Template:Wp/kri/Extent Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[54]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag No membership Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentRecognised at some stage by Template:Wp/kri/Numrec, Template:Wp/kri/Numrec of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of Somaliland No membership Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA de facto independent state,[48][55][56][57][58] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[59]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of South Ossetia No membership Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA de facto independent state,[60] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,[45] Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Transnistria.[46] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[61]

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Republic of China[Note 7] Former UN member (as Republic of China, 1945-1971) Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei" Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,[Note 23] and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[62] The Republic of China is recognised by Template:Wp/kri/Numrec. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 9] The Republic of China participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership. The Republic of China was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the security council. See China and the United Nations.

Template:Wp/kri/Flag – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic No membership Template:Wp/kri/Claimedby

Template:Wp/kri/ExtentA de facto independent state,[48] recognised only by Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and South Ossetia.[46] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit.[63]

↑ Other states ↑
Legend "Membership within the UN system" column

Template:Wp/kri/Legend Template:Wp/kri/Legend Template:Wp/kri/Legend Template:Wp/kri/Legend Template:Wp/kri/Legend

Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column

Template:Wp/kri/Legend Template:Wp/kri/Legend

Criteria for inclusion

[edit | edit source]

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[64]

Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:

  • (a) consider themselves sovereign (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, or
  • (b) are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state

Note that in some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:[65][Note 24]

  • 203 states recognised by at least one UN member state
  • Two states that satisfy the declarative theory of statehood and are recognised only by non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Transnistria
  • One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state: Somaliland

See also

[edit | edit source]

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  1. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  2. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  3. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  4. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  5. Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
  6. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  7. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  8. Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
  9. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  10. See Republic of Turkey Ministry for European Union Affairs Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  11. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book Template:Wayback
  12. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  13. Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
  14. Source: Iraqi constitution
  15. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  16. Knesset website, Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel
  17. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  18. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  19. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  20. Template:Wp/kri/Cite press release
  21. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  22. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  23. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  24. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  25. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  26. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  27. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
  28. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  29. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  30. 1 2 3 https://web.archive.org/web/20040723045746/http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf
  31. Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
  32. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  33. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  34. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  35. https://web.archive.org/web/20140812174212/http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14
  36. 1 2 http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf
  37. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  38. https://web.archive.org/web/20131013171853/http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf
  39. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  40. See the following on statehood criteria:
    • Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".
    • Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
    • Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
  41. 1 2 Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  42. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  43. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  44. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  45. 1 2 Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  46. 1 2 3 Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  47. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  48. 1 2 3 Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  49. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  50. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  51. 1 2 3 Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам: "Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой", – сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... "...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики..." – сказал он."
  52. Template:Wp/kri/Cite web
  53. See Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  54. See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  55. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  56. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  57. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  58. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  59. See Regions and territories: Somaliland (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  60. Template:Wp/kri/Cite journal
  61. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  62. Template:Wp/kri/Cite news
  63. 'See Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
  64. Template:Wp/kri/Cite book
  65. The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.
  3. The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
  4. Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.
  5. Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
  6. The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
  7. 1 2 The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names.
  8. See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China.
  9. 1 2 In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
  10. 1 2 3 More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.
  11. Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
  12. Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
  13. A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant Czechia remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (Česko) and some other languages are more popular. See Name of the Czech Republic
  14. The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the English translation.
  15. Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
  16. Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
  17. While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland" ( ) and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply Iceland. One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland", but note that "republic" is not capitalized. The official title of the President of Iceland (Forseti Íslands) does also not include the word republic as in some other republics. See Names for Iceland.
  18. "Ireland" is the official name in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland; this is officially deprecated.[15] See names of the Irish state.
  19. 1 2 Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of Korea. See also Foreign relations of North Korea and Foreign relations of South Korea.
  20. The government changed the state's official name in English from "Union of Myanmar" to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" in October 2010.
  21. Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes.
  22. The Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Art. 1.2) recognizes "Artsakh Republic" as an alternative denomination.
  23. The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and in part by Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Except for Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).
  24. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks territory and does not claim statehood. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.
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