Wp/khw/نوبل انعام برائے طبیعیات وصول کنندگانن فہرست
Appearance
وصول کنندگان
[edit | edit source]| سال | وصول کنندگان[A] | ملک[B] | وجہ[C] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901ء | [[||ولہیلم رونٹیگن]] | جرمنی | "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable [[||ایکس شعاع|rays]] subsequently named after him"[1] | |
| 1902ء | [[||ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] | نیدرلینڈز | "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of [[||magnetism]] upon [[||radiation]] phenomena"[2] | |
| [[||پیڑ زیمین]] | نیدرلینڈز | |||
| 1903ء | [[||ہنری بیکرویل]] | فرانس | "for his discovery of spontaneous [[||radioactivity]]"[3] | |
| [[||پیری کیوری]] | فرانس | "for their joint researches on the [[||radiation]] phenomena discovered by Professor [[||ہنری بیکرویل]]"[3] | ||
| [[||میری کیوری]] | پولینڈ فرانس | |||
| 1904ء | [[||جان ولیم سٹرٹ, تھرڈبارون رےلیہ|رےلیہ]] | برطانیہ | "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of [[||argon]] in connection with these studies"[4] | |
| 1905ء | [[||فلپ لینارڈ]] | آسٹریا-Hungary جرمنی |
"for his work on [[||cathode ray]]s"[5] | |
| 1906ء | [[||جے جے تھامسن]] | برطانیہ | "for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the [[||conduction of electricity]] by gases"[6] | |
| 1907ء | [[||البرٹ اے مچلسن]] | امریکا | "for his optical precision instruments and the [[||spectroscopic]] and [[||metrological]] investigations carried out with their aid"[7] | |
| 1908ء | [[||گبریل لیپمین]] | فرانس | "for [[||Lippmann plate|his method of reproducing colours photographically]] based on the phenomenon of [[||Interference (wave propagation)|interference]]"[8] | |
| 1909ء | [[||مارکونی]] | اطالیہ | "for their contributions to the [[||Invention of radio|development of wireless telegraphy]]"[9] | |
| [[||کارل فرڈینڈ براون]] | جرمنی | |||
| 1910ء | [[||جوہنس ڈیڈریک ونڈر وال]] | نیدرلینڈز | "for his work on the [[||equation of state]] for gases and liquids"[10] | |
| 1911ء | [[||ویلیم وین]] | جرمنی | "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"[11] | |
| 1912ء | [[||گوستاف ڈلین]] | سویڈن | "for his invention of [[||Sun valve|automatic valves]] designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in [[||lighthouses]] and buoys"[12] | |
| 1913ء | [[||ہائک کملنگ اونس]] | نیدرلینڈز | "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of [[||liquid helium]]"[13] | |
| 1914ء | [[||میکس وون لیو]] | جرمنی | "For his discovery of the [[||X-ray crystallography|diffraction of X-rays]] by crystals",[14] an important step in the development of [[||X-ray spectroscopy]]. | |
| 1915ء | [[||ولیم ہنری براگ]] | برطانیہ | "For their services in the analysis of [[||crystal structure]] by means of X-rays",[15] an important step in the development of [[||X-ray crystallography]] | |
| [[||ولیم لاورنس براگ]] | آسٹریلیا
برطانیہ | |||
| 1916ء | نہیں دیا گیا [[||پہلی جنگ عظیم]] | |||
| 1917ء | [[||چارلس گلور بارکالا]] | برطانیہ | "For his discovery of the [[||X-ray fluorescence|characteristic Röntgen radiation]] of the elements",[16] another important step in the development of [[||X-ray spectroscopy]] | |
| 1918ء | [[||میکس پلانک]] | جرمنی | "for the services he rendered to the advancement of physics by his discovery of energy [[||quantum mechanics|quanta]]"[17] | |
| 1919ء | [[||جوہنس سٹارک]] | جرمنی | "for his discovery of the [[||Doppler effect]] in [[||canal rays]] and the splitting of [[||spectral line]]s in [[||electric field]]s"[18] | |
| 1920ء | [[||چارلس اڈوارڈ گلیاوم]] | Switzerland | "for the service he has rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel-steel alloys"[19] | |
| 1921ء | [[||البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] | جرمنی Switzerland |
"for his services to [[||theoretical physics]], and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[||photoelectric effect]]"[20] | |
| 1922ء | [[||نیلز بوہر]] | ڈنمارک | "for his services in the investigation of the structure of [[||atom]]s and of the radiation emanating from them"[21] | |
| 1923ء | [[||رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] | امریکا | "for his work on the [[||elementary charge]] of electricity and on the [[||photoelectric effect]]"[22] | |
| 1924ء | [[||مینن سیگ بہن]] | سویڈن | "for his discoveries and research in the field of [[||X-ray spectroscopy]]"[23] | |
| 1925ء | [[||جیمز فرانک]] | جرمنی | "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an [[||electron]] upon an atom"[24] | |
| [[||گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز]] | جرمنی | |||
| 1926ء | [[||جین باپٹسٹ پیرین]] | فرانس | "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of [[||sedimentation equilibrium]]"[25] | |
| 1927ء | [[||آرتھر کومپٹون]] | امریکا | "for his discovery of the [[||Compton effect|effect named after him]]"[26] | |
| [[||چارلس تھومسن ریس ولسن]] | برطانیہ | "for his [[||Cloud chamber|method]] of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"[26] | ||
| 1928ء | [[||اون ولنس رچرڈسن]] | برطانیہ | "for his work on the [[||Thermionic emission|thermionic phenomenon]] and especially for the discovery of [[||Thermionic emission#Richardson's Law|the law named after him]]"[27] | |
| 1929ء | [[||لیوس دی بروگلی]] | فرانس | "for his discovery of the wave nature of [[||electron]]s"[28] | |
| 1930ء | [[||سی وی رامن]] | بھارت | "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the [[||Raman scattering|effect named after him]]"[29] | |
| 1931ء | نہیں دیا گیا | |||
| 1932ء | [[||ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] | جرمنی | "for the creation of [[||quantum mechanics]], the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the [[||allotropic]] forms of hydrogen"[30] | |
| 1933ء | [[||ارون شروڈنگر]] | آسٹریا | "for the discovery of new productive forms of [[||atomic theory]]"[31] | |
| [[||پال ڈیراک]] | برطانیہ | |||
| 1934ء | نہیں دیا گیا | |||
| 1935ء | [[||جیمز چیڈوک]] | برطانیہ | "for the discovery of the [[||neutron]]"[32] | |
| 1936ء | [[||وکٹر فرانسس ہیس]] | آسٹریا | "for his discovery of [[||cosmic ray|cosmic radiation]]"[33] | |
| [[||کارل ڈیوڈ انڈریسن]] | امریکا | "for his discovery of the [[||positron]]"[33] | ||
| 1937ء | [[||کلنٹن ڈیویسن]] | امریکا | "for their experimental discovery of the [[||electron diffraction|diffraction of electrons]] by crystals"[34] | |
| [[||جارج پاگٹ تھامسن]] | برطانیہ | |||
| 1938ء | [[||انریکو فرمی]] | اطالیہ | "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by [[||neutron irradiation]], and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"[35] | |
| 1939ء | [[||ارنسٹ لاورنس]] | امریکا | "for the invention and development of the [[||cyclotron]] and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"[36] | |
| 1940ء | نہیں دیا گیا [[||دوسری جنگ عظیم]] | |||
| 1941ء | نہیں دیا گیا جنگ عظیم II | |||
| 1942ء | نہیں دیا گیا جنگ عظیم II | |||
| 1943ء | [[||اوٹو سٹرن]] | امریکا | "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the [[||magnetic moment]] of the [[||proton]]"[37] | |
| 1944ء | [[||ازیڈور ائیزک ربی]] | امریکا | "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of [[||atomic nuclei]]"[38] | |
| 1945ء | [[||ولف گینگ پاولی]] | آسٹریا | "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the [[||Pauli principle]]"[39] | |
| 1946ء | [[||رچرڈ فائنمین]] | امریکا | "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of [[||high pressure physics]]"[40] | |
| 1947ء | [[||اڈوارڈ وکٹر اپلیٹن]] | برطانیہ | "for his investigations of the physics of the [[||upper atmosphere]] especially for the discovery of the so-called [[||Appleton layer]]"[41] | |
| 1948ء | [[||پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ]] | برطانیہ | "for his development of the Wilson [[||cloud chamber]] method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of [[||nuclear physics]] and [[||cosmic radiation]]"[42] | |
| 1949ء | [[||ہاڈیکی یوکوا]] | جاپان | "for his prediction of the existence of [[||meson]]s on the basis of theoretical work on [[||nuclear forces]]"[43] | |
| 1950ء | [[||سی ایف پاول]] | برطانیہ | "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"[44] | |
| 1951ء | [[||جوہن کوکروفٹ]] | برطانیہ | "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"[45] | |
| [[||ارنسٹ والٹن]] | [[||جمہوریہ آئرستان]] | |||
| 1952ء | [[||فلکس بلوک]] | Switzerland امریکا |
"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[46] | |
| [[||ایڈوارڑملس پرسل]] | امریکا | |||
| 1953ء | [[||فرٹز زرنیک]] | نیدرلینڈز | "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the [[||phase contrast microscope]]"[47] | |
| 1954ء | [[||میکس بورن]] | جرمنی برطانیہ |
"for his fundamental research in [[||quantum mechanics]], especially for his statistical interpretation of the [[||wavefunction]]"[48] | |
| [[||والٹتھر بوتھ]] | [[||مغربی جرمنی]] | "for the [[||Coincidence circuit|coincidence method]] and his discoveries made therewith"[48] | ||
| 1955ء | [[||ولس لیمب]] | امریکا | "for his discoveries concerning the [[||fine structure]] of the hydrogen spectrum"[49] | |
| [[||پولی کارپ کوشچ]] | امریکا | "for his precision determination of the [[||magnetic moment]] of the [[||electron]]"[49] | ||
| 1956ء | [[||جوہن باردین]] | امریکا | "for their researches on [[||semiconductor]]s and their discovery of the [[||transistor]] effect"[50] | |
| [[||والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||ولیم شوکلی]] | امریکا | |||
| 1957ء | [[||سونگ داو لی]] | چین امریکا |
"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called [[||parity violation|parity laws]] which has led to important discoveries regarding the [[||elementary particles]]"[51] | |
| [[||چن نینگ یانگ]] | چین امریکا | |||
| 1958ء | [[||پاول چینکوف]] | سویت اتحاد | "for the discovery and the interpretation of the [[||Cherenkov-Vavilov effect|Cherenkov effect]]"[52] | |
| [[||الوا فرانک]] | سویت اتحاد | |||
| [[||اگور ٹام]] | سویت اتحاد | |||
| 1959ء | [[||اون چیمبر لین]] | امریکا | "for their discovery of the [[||antiproton]]"[53] | |
| [[||ایملیو جی سگری]] | اطالیہ امریکا | |||
| 1960ء | File:Donald Glaser 1.jpg | [[||ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر]] | امریکا | "for the invention of the [[||bubble chamber]]"[54] |
| 1961ء | [[||رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر]] | امریکا | "for his pioneering studies of [[||electron scattering]] in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the [[||nucleons]]"[55] | |
| [[||روڈولف موسباور]] | مغربی جرمنی | "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of [[||gamma radiation]] and his discovery in this connection of the [[||Mössbauer effect|effect]] which bears his name"[55] | ||
| 1962ء | [[||لیو لینڈاؤ]] | سویت اتحاد | "for his pioneering theories for [[||condensed matter]], especially [[||liquid helium]]"[56] | |
| 1963ء | [[||یوجین پاول وگنر]] | Hungary امریکا |
"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental [[||symmetry principles]]"[57] | |
| [[||ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] | امریکا | "for their discoveries concerning [[||Nuclear shell model|nuclear shell structure]]"[57] | ||
| [[||جے ہنس ڈی ہنسن]] | مغربی جرمنی | |||
| 1964ء | [[||نکولے باسو|نکولے گناڈیےوچ باسو]] | سویت اتحاد | "for fundamental work in the field of [[||quantum electronics]], which has led to the construction of [[||oscillator]]s and [[||amplifier]]s based on the [[||maser]]–[[||laser]] principle"[58] | |
| [[||الیکزینڈر پروکورو]] | سویت اتحاد | |||
| File:Charles Townes Nobel.jpg | [[||چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] | امریکا | ||
| 1965ء | [[||رچرڈ فلپ فے مین]] | امریکا | "for their fundamental work in [[||quantum electrodynamics]] (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[59] | |
| [[||جولیان سکونگر]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||سن اٹیرو ٹومو ناگا]] | جاپان | |||
| 1966ء | [[||الفرڈ کاسٹلر]] | فرانس | "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"[60] | |
| 1967ء | [[||ہنس بیتھ]] | امریکا | "for his contributions to the theory of [[||nuclear reaction]]s, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in [[||ستارہ]]s"[61] | |
| 1968ء | [[||لیوس والٹلر الوریزز]] | امریکا | "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of [[||Resonance (particle physics)|resonance]] states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen [[||bubble chamber]] and data analysis"[62] | |
| 1969ء | [[||ماری گیل مین]] | امریکا | "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"[63] | |
| 1970ء | [[||ہینس الفوین]] | سویڈن | "for fundamental work and discoveries in [[||magneto-hydrodynamics]] with fruitful applications in different parts of [[||plasma physics]]"[64] | |
| [[||لیوس نیل]] | فرانس | "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning [[||antiferromagnetism]] and [[||ferrimagnetism]] which have led to important applications in [[||solid state physics]]"[64] | ||
| 1971ء | [[||ڈینس گبور]] | Hungary – برطانیہ | "for his invention and development of the [[||holography|holographic method]]"[65] | |
| 1972ء | [[||جوہن باردین]] | امریکا | "for their jointly developed theory of [[||superconductivity]], usually called the [[||BCS-theory]]"[66] | |
| [[||لیون کوپر]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] | امریکا | |||
| 1973ء | [[||لیو اسکائی]] | جاپان | "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in [[||semiconductor]]s and [[||superconductor]]s, respectively"[67] | |
| [[||ایور گیور]] | امریکا ناروے | |||
| Template:CSS image crop | [[||برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن]] | برطانیہ | "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a [[||supercurrent]] through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the [[||Josephson effect]]"[67] | |
| 1974ء | [[||مارٹن ریل]] | برطانیہ | "for their pioneering research in [[||Radio astronomy|radio astrophysics]]: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the [[||aperture synthesis]] technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of [[||pulsar]]s"[68] | |
| [[||انٹونی ہیوش]] | برطانیہ | |||
| 1975ء | [[||ایگ بوہر]] | ڈنمارک | "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in [[||atomic nuclei]] and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"[69] | |
| [[||بن روئے مٹل سن]] | ڈنمارک | |||
| File:Leo James Rainwater.jpg | [[||لیو جیمز رین واٹر]] | امریکا | ||
| 1976ء | [[||برٹن رچر]] | امریکا | "for their pioneering work in the discovery of [[||J/ψ meson|a heavy elementary particle]] of a new kind"[70] | |
| [[||سیمیول چاؤ چنگ تنگ]] | امریکا | |||
| 1977ء | [[||فلپ وارن انڈرسن]] | امریکا | "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"[71] | |
| File:Sir Nevill Francis Mott.jpg | [[||نیول فرانسس موٹ]] | برطانیہ | ||
| [[||جوہن ہیزبروک وان ویک]] | امریکا | |||
| 1978ء | [[||پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] | سویت اتحاد | "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of [[||low-temperature physics]]"[72] | |
| [[||ارنو الن پنزاس]] | امریکا | "for their discovery of [[||cosmic microwave background radiation]]"[72] | ||
| [[||رابرٹ وڈرو ولسن]] | امریکا | |||
| 1979ء | [[||شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] | امریکا | "for their contributions to the theory of the [[||electroweak force|unified weak and electromagnetic interaction]] between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the [[||weak neutral current]]"[73] | |
| [[||ڈاکٹر عبدالسلام]] | Pakistan | |||
| [[||سٹیون وینبرگ]] | امریکا | |||
| 1980ء | [[||جیمز واٹسن کرونن]] | امریکا | "for the discovery of violations of fundamental [[||symmetry principles]] in the decay of [[||neutral K-meson]]s"[74] | |
| [[||وال لودسن وچ]] | امریکا | |||
| 1981ء | [[||نکولس بلومبرن]] | امریکا | "for their contribution to the development of [[||laser spectroscopy]]"[75] | |
| [[||آرتھر لیونارڈ شکالو]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||کائی سیگ بہن|کائی مین بورجی سیگبہن]] | سویڈن | "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution [[||electron spectroscopy]]"[75] | ||
| 1982ء | [[||کینتھ ج ولسن]] | امریکا | "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with [[||phase transition]]s"[76] | |
| 1983ء | [[||سبرامنین چندرشیکھر]] | امریکا بھارت |
"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and [[||Stellar evolution|evolution of the stars]]"[77] | |
| [[||ولیم الفرڈ فاولر]] | امریکا | "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the [[||nuclear reaction]]s of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"[77] | ||
| 1984ء | [[||کارلو روبیا]] | اطالیہ | "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field [[||W and Z bosons|particles W and Z]], communicators of [[||weak interaction]]"[78] | |
| [[||سم ونڈر میر]] | نیدرلینڈز | |||
| 1985ء | [[||کلاوس ون کلٹزنگ]] | West جرمنی | "for the discovery of the [[||Quantum Hall effect|quantized Hall effect]]"[79] | |
| 1986ء | [[||ارنسٹ رسکا]] | مغربی جرمنی | "for his fundamental work in [[||electron optics]], and for the design of the first [[||electron microscope]]"[80] | |
| [[||گرڈ بنگ]] | مغربی جرمنی | "for their design of the [[||scanning tunneling microscope]]"[80] | ||
| [[||ہنرچ رورر]] | سوئٹزرلینڈ | |||
| 1987ء | [[||جونس جیورج بیڈنورز]] | مغربی جرمنی | "for their important break-through in the discovery of [[||superconductivity]] in [[||ceramic]] materials"[81] | |
| [[||کارل ایلکزینڈر میولر]] | سوئٹزرلینڈ | |||
| 1988ء | [[||لیون ایم لیڈر مین|لیون میکس لیڈر مین]] | امریکا | "for the [[||نیوٹرینو]] beam method and the demonstration of the [[||Doublet state|doublet]] structure of the [[||lepton]]s through the discovery of the [[||muon neutrino]]"[82] | |
| [[||ملون سکوارٹز]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||جیک سٹین برگر]] | امریکا | |||
| 1989ء | [[||نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] | امریکا | "for the invention of the [[||separated oscillatory fields]] method and its use in the [[||hydrogen maser]] and other atomic clocks"[83] | |
| [[||ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] | امریکا | "for the development of the [[||ion trap]] technique"[83] | ||
| [[||ولف گینگ پاول]] | مغربی جرمنی | |||
| 1990ء | [[||جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین]] | امریکا | "for their pioneering investigations concerning [[||deep inelastic scattering]] of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the [[||quark model]] in particle physics"[84] | |
| [[||ہنری وے کینڈل]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] | کینیڈا | |||
| 1991ء | [[||پیری گلز ڈی جینز]] | فرانس | "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to [[||liquid crystal]]s and [[||polymer]]s"[85] | |
| 1992ء | [[||جیرج چارپک]] | فرانس/Poland | "for his invention and development of [[||particle detector]]s, in particular the [[||multiwire proportional chamber]]"[86] | |
| 1993ء | [[||رسل الن ہلز]] | امریکا | "for the discovery of a [[||PSR B1913+16|new type]] of [[||pulsar]], a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of [[||Gravitational wave|gravitation]]"[87] | |
| [[||جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر جے آر]] | امریکا | |||
| 1994ء | [[||برٹرام بروک ہاؤس]] | کینیڈا | "for the development of [[||neutron spectroscopy]]" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of [[||neutron scattering]] techniques for studies of [[||condensed matter]]"[88] | |
| [[||کلفورڈ شل|کلفورڈ گلنوڈ شل]] | امریکا | "for the development of the [[||neutron diffraction]] technique" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of [[||neutron scattering]] techniques for studies of [[||condensed matter]]"[88] | ||
| 1995ء | [[||مارٹن لیوس پیرل]] | امریکا | "for the discovery of the [[||tau lepton]]" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to [[||lepton]] physics"[89] | |
| [[||فریڈرک رینز]] | امریکا | "for the detection of the [[||نیوٹرینو]]" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to [[||lepton]] physics"[89] | ||
| 1996ء | [[||ڈیوڈ لی|ڈیوڈ مورس لی]] | امریکا | "for their discovery of [[||superfluid]]ity in [[||helium-3]]"[90] | |
| [[||ڈوگلاس اوشروف|ڈوگلاس ڈی اوشروف]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||رابڑت کول مین رچرڈسن]] | امریکا | |||
| 1997ء | [[||صتیون چھو]] | امریکا | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light."[91] | |
| [[||کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی]] | فرانس | |||
| [[||ولیم ڈینیل فلپس]] | امریکا | |||
| 1998ء | [[||رابرٹ بی لاولینگ]] | امریکا | "for their discovery of a new form of [[||quantum fluid]] with fractionally charged excitations"[92] | |
| [[||ہورسٹ لوڈلگ سٹورمر]] | جرمنی | |||
| [[||ڈینیل چی تسی]] | امریکا | |||
| 1999ء | [[||گیرارڈ ٹی ہوفٹ]] | نیدرلینڈز | "for elucidating the quantum structure of [[||electroweak interaction]]s in physics"[93] | |
| [[||ماٹینس جے جی ولٹمین]] | نیدرلینڈز | |||
| 2000ء | [[||زورس ایونوچ الفرو]] | Russia | "for developing [[||semiconductor]] [[||heterostructure]]s used in high-speed- and [[||optoelectronics]]"[94] | |
| [[||ہربرٹ کروئمر]] | جرمنی | |||
| [[||جیک سینٹ کلئر کلبی]] | امریکا | "for his part in the invention of the [[||integrated circuit]]"[94] | ||
| 2001ء | [[||ارک الن کورنل]] | امریکا | "for the achievement of [[||Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose–Einstein condensation]] in dilute gases of [[||alkali]] atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"[95] | |
| [[||کارل ایڈون ویمین]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] | جرمنی | |||
| 2002ء | [[||رئیمنڈ ڈیوس جے آر]] | امریکا | "for pioneering contributions to [[||astrophysics]], in particular for the detection of [[||Cosmic neutrino background|cosmic neutrinos]]"[96] | |
| [[||مساٹوشی کوشیبا]] | جاپان | |||
| [[||رککارڈو گیاککونی]] | اطالیہ امریکا |
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of [[||cosmic X-ray source]]s"[96] | ||
| 2003ء | [[||الیکزی الیکزیوچ ابریکوسو]] | روس | "for pioneering contributions to the theory of [[||superconductivity|superconductors]] and [[||superfluid]]s"[97] | |
| [[||وائٹلی گنزبرگ|وائیٹلی لزاروچ گنزبرگ]] | روس | |||
| [[||انتھونی جیمز لگٹ]] | برطانیہ امریکا | |||
| 2004ء | [[||ڈیوڈ جے گروس]] | امریکا | "for the discovery of [[||asymptotic freedom]] in the theory of the [[||strong interaction]]"[98] | |
| [[||ہگ ڈیوڈ پیولٹزر]] | امریکا | |||
| [[||فرانک ولزیک]] | امریکا | |||
| 2005ء | [[||روئے جے گلوبر]] | امریکا | "for his contribution to the quantum theory of [[||Coherence (physics)|optical coherence]]"[99] | |
| [[||جان ایل ہال]] | امریکا | "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision [[||spectroscopy]], including the [[||optical frequency comb]] technique"[99] | ||
| [[||تھیوڈر ڈبلیو ہائنچ]] | جرمنی | |||
| 2006ء | [[||جان سی مادر]] | امریکا | "for their discovery of the [[||blackbody]] form and [[||anisotropy]] of the [[||cosmic microwave background radiation]]"[100] | |
| [[||جارج ایف سموٹ]] | امریکا | |||
| 2007ء | [[||البرٹ فرٹ]] | فرانس | "for the discovery of [[||giant magnetoresistance]]"[101] | |
| [[||پیٹر گرون برگ]] | جرمنی | |||
| 2008ء | [[||مکوٹو کوبایاشی]] | جاپان | "for the discovery of the origin of the [[||broken symmetry]] which predicts the existence of at least three families of [[||quarks]] in nature"[102] | |
| [[||توشی ہائڈ مسکوا]] | جاپان | |||
| [[||یوچیرو نامبو]] | جاپان امریکا |
"for the discovery of [[||Spontaneous symmetry breaking|the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry]] in subatomic physics"[102] | ||
| 2009ء | [[||چارلس کے کاؤ]] | Hong Kong برطانیہ امریکا |
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in [[||optical fiber|fibers]] for [[||optical communication]]"[103] | |
| [[||ولارڈ ایس بوائل]] | کینیڈا امریکا |
"for the invention of an imaging [[||semiconductor]] circuit – the [[||Charge-coupled device|CCD sensor]]"[103] | ||
| [[||جارج ای سمتھ]] | امریکا | |||
| 2010ء | [[||انڈر گیم]] | برطانیہ نیدرلینڈز |
"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material [[||graphene]]"[104] | |
| [[||کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]] | روس برطانیہ | |||
| 2011ء | [[||ساول پرلموتر]] | امریکا | "for the discovery of the [[||accelerating expansion of the Universe]] through observations of distant [[||supernovae]]"[105] | |
| [[||برائن پی سیہمڈ]] | Australia امریکا | |||
| [[||ایڈم ریس]] | امریکا | |||
| 2012ء | [[||سرگ ہروچ]] | فرانس | "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual [[||quantum]] [[||Physical system|systems]]."[106] | |
| [[||ڈیوڈ جے ونلینڈ]] | امریکا | |||
| 2013ء | [[||فرانکیوس انگلرٹ]] | Belgium | "for the theoretical discovery of a [[||Higgs mechanism|mechanism]] that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental [[||Higgs boson|particle]], by the [[||ATLAS]] and [[||Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS]] experiments at [[||سرن]]'s [[||Large Hadron Collider]]"[107] | |
| [[||پیٹر ہگس]] | برطانیہ | |||
| 2014ء | [[||اسامو اکاساکی]] | جاپان | "for the invention of efficient blue [[||light-emitting diodes]] which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"[108] | |
| [[||ہیروشی امانو]] | جاپان | |||
| [[||شوجی نکامورا]] | جاپان امریکا | |||
| 2015ء | [[||تکاکی کاجیتا]] | جاپان | "for the discovery of [[||Neutrino oscillation|neutrino oscillations]], which shows that neutrinos have mass"[109] | |
| [[||آرتھر بی مکڈونلڈ]] | کینیڈا | |||
حوالہ جات
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