Wp/igl/Efunroye Tinubu

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Efunroye Tinubu
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Bornc. 1810
Egbaland, Yorubaland
Died1887
Abeokuta
Resting placeAbeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
OccupationMerchant, slave trader
Spouse(s)Adele Ajosun, amongst others

Efunroye Tinubu (c. 1810 – 1887),ma bí onwú Ẹfúnpọ̀róyè Ọ̀ṣuntinúbú,Template:Wp/igl/Sfn í chí onubule kàa kí ní ukpahu ojiane Yoruba aristocrat, anyí aja íche kpaí ene kí chíobe adu efu pre-colonial. Kpaí colonial Nigeria.[1][2][3]

Í che né íje íbe kpaí economically influential figure efu Lagos ẹgba kí onu Obas achí òfà (monarchs) Adele, Dosunmu, Oluwole, Akitoye,í ya‘chí atako Takí obas ekejí ní ójilé ukpahu íje íbe. Takí ní okó ñwu Oba Adele manyu í dí eñwu kí Kuma dama le che'kwu takí ye che nyo nyo efu adu kpayí amí anyí aja enefu efu adu, tobacco,omu , owuuu, palm oil, ekpo ún‘oba , kpaí firearms.ma che bulu mo kí ní adu dabí Ólímẹ́fà nyo Ọ̀gbọ̀mẹ́ta kpo‘lanwu.[4]

Lugbo edu amí British efu eí Reduction of Lagos, amí British mí Oba Kosoko du bojí òfà tà takí ma du kojí k0aí Akitoye, ene kí tubí-unwu eí Tinubu. Amí British ní had Akitoye Ówótoo eí 1852 Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos, kí tíene Lagosians kí de‘ ñwu kí de wí ugbojí ye íAtlantic slave trade. Àmàà, Tinubu íko e..je efu awe ko che kpaí amí anyí adu akpayí Brazilian kpaí European, efu eje dama edu oda ré kí domo, kpaí Akitoye Cha éja kí kpa í.[5] British consul Benjamin Campbell ku ma riaire Tinubu's economic hegemony over Lagos kpaí amí adu kí ne tú ma ja , kpaí í wa kí ní újema kpaí amí kpaí amí nyí aja British Lagos .[4] àmàà lugbo ukpahu oda kí dugbo eí Oba Dosunnu, Dosunmu í efí Tinubu naba lo tí Abeokuta léfu oda ,í mu du eñwu únaju Campbell ubí kí Tinubu níbe efu úmaja kí gbalu kí dú British kwo Lagos ta kí í ko nojí kpaí edu Campbell kpa . Alu kí efu éwo Abeokuta,í chí ati éko kí na kí eñwu ma abo éwo manyu kia kenwu ohí ñwu ma ẹgba kí du úja ogu kí ja kpaí eí Kingdom of Dahomey, abo ku ma ní ofa kwu gbó ñwu ye chieftaincy ye í Iyalode ye í Egbas.[6]

Í lekwu efu éwo Abeokuta efu ódò 1887. The landmark Tinubu Square efu Lagos, Nigeria, ódù ñw wa ubí-nwu kpaí ojigbo ñwu gé . Ojigbo ño dí efu éwo Abeokuta, Nigeria.[7]

Íle ñw kpaí úchana-nwu kía cha

Íle àbàkwéne ñwu

Tinubu ma che bí efieko ogbagbala í Ojokodo ye í Egbaland. Ódù ata-nw chí Olumosa.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn. ma che bulu mo kí ofigbélí ñw chí Owu , lugbo oja ata-nw abíkí ojí íya -nw either through her maternal or paternal s.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn Màdém Tinubu ma che dí nabalí ñw ka kí í che áne óko ẹgba wéwé ikodú . óko ñwu ejuodudu chí enekele kí kwí oji'ane Owu . Í che bí oma enekele méjí ñw .[8] ubí kí óko ñw Owu lekwu,í che ya ní ene ku ma fu naba kwí efu éwo du chí okó Oba Adele Ajosun[9] efu 1833 onwu ,chí kí wa deju dó Abeokuta, ma che bulu mo kí èdo eñwu che ebo abú kí de gbeyu Tinubu. Í che debomote lo tí ùgbo ene ku ma naba mayuy Oba lo tí Badagry, ùgbo kí chenwu ógún ku ma númí eí Lagos monarchs. Kpayu Badagry, ma cho kí chukọlọ Adele connections kí kunyí aja yane kí ne attenwu eí tobacco, omu, kpaí adu.[10]

Lagos

Ene Kuma naba Oba Adele í che dí efu Badagry gbote ẹgba kí ene kí kojí Oba Idewu, lekwu.omaye enekele Prince Kosoko, Idewu Ojulari ,chí ene ogbogága kí dago ojí eña òfà le. Eletu Odibo, í chief kingmaker, ma jeñwu dago ú todu kí ìbe Kosoko toe ololo kpaí Adele ma che fu do kí wa chí Oba.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn Tinubu che alede Adele lo tíLagos, àmàà Oba lekwu ubí Odo mejí . Anubí ukwu Adele efu ódò 1837, Tinubu che kakí ye chí atí éko Oluwole (her stepson) efu ugbalu oco ñw yí Obaship of Lagos tí ye Kosoko le.[11][12]

Oba Oluwole í che awa ño wa kí nuomukola ajedama gbó Kosoko, ene kí níbe kí cho‘gbogba ojí òfà wh.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn tabalé , Kosoko mu Fu naba kwí Ouidah.í fí ẹgba òfà Oluwole's , Madam Tinubu dabí ya ní okó kpayu ene kàà kí chí Yesufu Bada, alias Obadina, ene kí chí agbojí ajogu Oluwole kpaí manyu eí atí ako yí Oluwole, Tinubu kpaí Yesufu' efu eñwu aja kí ye chí efu Egbaland grew.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn

Ẹgba kí Oluwole kwu efu ódò 1841, Tinubu che chí ateko Akitoye (anawu ene kele ) efu aje gbó oco ye í Obaship tí Kosoko' le.[11] ubí Akitoye dama gbó Oba, í je kí Tinubu kí che alu kí je to..bí .[10] alu kí ma telu eju eí chief Akitoye fí Kosoko dó wa dabí wí Lagos kpaí ye tene kí fí èdo ñw yí . Arere ubí le , Kosoko Fí nóo Akitoye nóo kwí ojí ofa ta . Ma du eju cóo ñwu Tinubu kí je kpaí Akitoye, onwú kpaí s Akitoye ómuné kí chataki kí lo tí Badagry ẹgba kí Kosoko le ya mu dù Oba efu ódò 1845.[13] abí ene kí chí aní oco onubule, Madam Tinubu ya chí ugulanyí ñ amone kpaíwas ola íja ìbe ẹgba kí chí ofa efu éwo Badagry. Í chí gbokírí kí ugweko amone kí dufu ku ma jogun kpaí Akitoye's Kosoko.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn

Efu óchu ekegwaejí ódò 1851 kpaí í chí eñwu okpokpa kí ola oda wa kí adu kíwa ugbojí, the British bombarded Lagos, ma che du Kosoko' kwí ojí ede ofa ñw kpaí ukpahu , kpaí ma dí eneojima kí ní‘be Akitoye kí chí Oba eí Lagos. Àmàà Akitoye che é...ja é treaty with Britain outlawing the slave trade, Tinubu che fí ofa le dú yakaka efu ódò 1852 lugbo ejadama [14] kpaí kí nà Che Ettaa kpaí élaa ye í élaa adu efu úmaja eí olí akpaala gbí Brazilians manyu anyí aja Portuguese.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn ta kí efí áne né kwugbo Akitoye ye abajoyí kí chí íba kàa ojí ólu eñini Tinubu Square kpaí íkpe oná Kakawa . Ubíle , ú je ní ugba nwu ya gbó uyougbo kí tí agbadé Tinubu kpaí amí anyí aja adu gbí Possu, é Kosoko loyalist. Léfu eí, Possu, Ajenia, kpaí and other traders tried to instigate an uprising against Akitoye because of Madam Tinubu's influence in Lagos. In the interest of peace, Benjamin Campbell, the British Consul in Lagos, asked Akitoye to exile Tinubu.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn After Akitoye died, Tinubu returned to Lagos and gave her support to his successor, Dosunmu. Under Dosunmu's reign Tinubu had a massive security force composed of slaves and she sometimes executed orders usually given by the king. As a result, Dosunmu grew wary of her influence in Lagos.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn A new development was the colonial government's support for migrants from Brazil and Sierra Leone to settle in Lagos. Many of the migrants, also called Saro and Aguda, were favored by the British in commerce and soon began dominating legitimate trade in Lagos.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn

In 1855, when Campbell traveled to England, Tinubu tried to influence Dosunmu to limit the influence of the returnees. Dosunmu was noncommittal to her request and consequently, Tinubu was alleged to have played a part in an uprising against the returnees in which her husband, Yesufu Bada, was a major participant.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn When Campbell returned in 1856, he asked Dosunmu to banish Tinubu. In May 1856, Tinubu was banished to Abeokuta.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn>[13]

Abeokuta

In Abeokuta, Madam Tinubu traded in arms and supplied Abeokuta with munitions in the war against Dahomey. Her activities in the war earned her the chieftaincy title of the Iyalode of all of Egbaland.[13] While in Abeokuta, she allegedly opposed colonial policies in Lagos.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn In 1865, a fire engulfed the shops of some traders including some of her properties in Abeokuta. This doesn't appear to have weakened her financially, however.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn Tinubu became involved in Abeokuta king-making activities as well, supporting Prince Oyekan over Ademola for the Alake of Egbaland's title in 1879.[citation needed] Tinubu appears to have had another marriage with one Momoh Bukar, an Arabic scholar.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn Momoh's children from other wives later adopted the Tinubu name.

Views on slavery

The often cited biography titled Madame Tinubu: Merchant and King-maker, authored by Nigerian historian Oladipo Yemitan, paints her views regarding slave trading.

Template:Wp/igl/Blockquote

Another section of Yemitan's Tinubu biography, referred to as the Amadie-Ojo Affair, captures a slave trading deal gone sour in 1853 (notably after the 1852 Treaty abolishing slavery in Lagos) wherein Tinubu tells another slave trader (Domingo Martinez) that "she would rather drown the slaves [20 in number] than sell them at a discount".Template:Wp/igl/Sfn

Death and legacy

Tinubu Square in 2014
Statue of Madame Tinubu in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2019

Tinubu died in 1887 and is buried in Ojokodo Quarters in Abeokuta.Template:Wp/igl/Sfn[15] Tinubu Square on Lagos Island, a place previously known as Independence Square, is named after her. Ita Tinubu (Tinubu's precinct or Tinubu Square) had long been known by that name before the country's independence, but it was renamed Independence Square by the leaders of the First Republic. A statue of Tinubu stands in Abeokuta.[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Bonnie G. Smith (2004). Women's History in Global Perspective, Volume 3. University of California, Berkeley (University of Illinois Press). p. 40. ISBN 9780252072345. 
  2. ↑ "Madam Tinubu: Inside the political and business empire of a 19th century heroine". The Nation. Retrieved July 29, 2016. 
  3. ↑ Judybee (2011). Madam Tinubu: Queens of Africa. MX Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908-2185-82. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Madam Efunroye Tinubu (ca. 1805-1887)". 10 April 2014. 
  5. ↑ Weise Constanze (1 September 2020). "Women and trade in the Nupe–Borgu region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries". Canadian Journal of African Studies 54 (3): 459–477. doi:10.1080/00083968.2020.1749097.  Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ "Madam Efunroye Tinubu: The Indomitable Iyalode". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (in en-US). 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2022-12-22. 
  7. ↑ "Restoring the pride of a warrior lady". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (in en-US). 2017-02-26. Retrieved 2022-12-22. 
  8. ↑ "Women in Power: Madame Efunroye Tinubu-1st Iyalode of Egba land". Asiri. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2016. 
  9. ↑ "Madam Tinubu". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (in en-US). 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2022-03-10. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Qeturah (20 March 2016). "Madam Tinubu". Guardian Life. Retrieved 23 December 2016. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kaplan Flora S. (1997). Queens, queen mothers, priestesses, and power: case studies in African gender. New York Academy of Sciences, 1997. p. 8. ISBN 9781573310543. 
  12. ↑ Nelson & McCracken. Order and disorder in Africa: papers of the A.S.A.U.K. Biennial Conference, hosted by the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling, 8-10 September 1992, Volume 1. SOAS, University of London, 1992. p. 26. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Akioye Seun. "Madam Tinubu: Inside the political and business empire of a 19th century heroine". The Nation. 
  14. ↑ Smith Robert (January 1979). The Lagos Consulate, 1851-1861. University of California Press, 1979. pp. 73–74. ISBN 9780520037465. 
  15. ↑ Foster Hannah (10 April 2014). "Tinubu, Madam Efunroye (ca. 1805-1887)". The Black Past. Retrieved 29 October 2014. 
  16. ↑ "Tinubu Square: A befitting memorial to an Amazon | The Nation Newspaper" (in en-US). 2013-11-22. Retrieved 2022-12-22. 

References

  • Gloria Chuku, "Tinubu, Efunroye," Dictionary of African Biography, Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Emmanuel K. Akyeampong, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008)
  • "Tinubu, Madame (1805-1887)," New Encyclopedia of Africa, John Middleton and Joseph C. Miller, eds., 2nd ed. Vol. 5 (Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008)
  • Adams Lawal Babatunde (2002). The history, people and culture of Ita-Tinubu community. Lagos: Tinubu Foundation. 
  • Fasinro Hassan Adisa Babatunde (2004). Political and cultural perspectives of Lagos. University of Michigan. 
  • Template:Wp/igl/Cite thesis
  • Yemitan Ọladipọ (1987). Madame Tinubu: Merchant and King-maker (in English). Ibadan: University Press. 

External links

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