Jump to content

Wp/hoc/Ho Literature

From Wikimedia Incubator
< Wp | hoc
Wp > hoc > Ho Literature

๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ‡๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ–:

[edit | edit source]

๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ…๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ…๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ› ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ, ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ 35 ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขฉ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ, ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ, ๐‘ขฏ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ›, ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘, ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš, ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰, ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰, ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ, ๐‘ขบ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ, ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ขฏ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขด๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‚, ๐‘ขบ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“, ๐‘ขง๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขต๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ, ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ขฏ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ€๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขต ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ขบ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“ 1940 ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃœ-๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ‘ "๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขต๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ขธ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃ" ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ† ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ขฏ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃฃ๐‘ฃข ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ†๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃž ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŠ-๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ.


๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขต๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ† ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ† ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ€ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขซ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ 3.01% ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰. ๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขฉ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ†๐‘ฃŽ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ 12 ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‚ (๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ) ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ "๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ขด๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ–" ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‡๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ…๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ, ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ, ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ, ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ, ๐‘ขฑ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ›, ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ, ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃ, ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ›, ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ›, ๐‘ขด๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ› ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ› ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ.

๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขฉ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ†๐‘ฃŽ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ†๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“-๐‘ฃ†๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ…๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‚,๐‘ขฑ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ› ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ› ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ›, ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚-๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ, ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ-๐‘ขท๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ, ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“-๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŠ, ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚, ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ‘ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ-๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ.

๐‘ขท๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขถ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ.

๐‘ขต ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ขบ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‡๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ–ย :-

[edit | edit source]

๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃก๐‘ฃฉ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃก๐‘ฃฉ๐‘ฃก๐‘ฃฉ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ† ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขธ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ "๐‘ขต ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš" ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‡๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ "๐‘ขฝ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ" ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ "๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃƒ" ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ.

๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ…๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‰

[edit | edit source]
  • ๐‘ฃก. ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃž ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ† ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ…๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‚, ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš "The Gramatical Construction of Ho Language" ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ€๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ.
  • ๐‘ฃข. ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขด๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ - ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ W.C. ๐‘ขก๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ• ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ– ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃƒ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŠ ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃƒ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ”๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขด๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ.
  • ๐‘ฃฃ. Folklore of Kolhan - ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‚.๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ. ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ—๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ ๐‘ขจ๐‘ฃ“,๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃˆ. ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃž ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ.
  • ๐‘ฃค. Ho Grammar- ๐‘ขบ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ.
  • ๐‘ฃฅ. Grammar of the Kol - ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขผ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‚ GEL ๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ˜๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ€๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ.
  • ๐‘ฃฆ. An Introduction Of Ho Language- ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ขฑ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ. (Ho-English Dictionary ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ„ Ho Grammar and Vocabulary ๐‘ขฎ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ขฑ๐‘ฃˆ๐‘ฃ“๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‹๐‘ฃˆ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ)
  • ๐‘ฃง. ๐‘ขน๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ‰ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ๐‘ฃ‚ - ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ™๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃœ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŽ ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃŠ๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚ ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŒ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃ ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ฃ•๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‘๐‘ฃ.
  • ๐‘ฃจ. Ho Tribes Of Singhbhum - ๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‚.๐‘ขธ๐‘ฃ‚.๐‘ขพ๐‘ฃ‚๐‘ฃŠ
  • ๐‘ฃฉ. ๐‘ขฆ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ’๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขณ๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃš๐‘ฃ ๐‘ขท๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃž๐‘ฃ - ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ–๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃš ๐‘ขบ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ“ ๐‘ขฌ๐‘ฃ‰๐‘ฃ›๐‘ฃ๐‘ฃ„