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Not to be confused with Puma Energy.

Puma SE
TypeSocietas Europaea
Industry
PredecessorSplit from Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory
Founded1948; Template:Wp/dtp/years or months ago (1948)
FounderRudolf Dassler
HeadquartersHerzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Arne Freundt (CEO)[1]
  • Anne-Laure Descours (CSO)
  • Hubert Hinterseher (CFO)
  • Maria Valdes (CPO)
  • Héloïse Temple-Boyer (chair)
Products
RevenueIncrease Template:Wp/dtp/€ (2022)
Increase Template:Wp/dtp/€ (2022)
Increase Template:Wp/dtp/€ (2022)
Total assetsIncrease Template:Wp/dtp/€ (2022)
Total equityIncrease Template:Wp/dtp/€ (2022)
Owners
Number of employees
18,071 (2022)
Subsidiaries
Websitepuma.com
Footnotes / references
[3][4][5]

Puma SE, miampai rasmi pinungaranan sabaagi PUMA, nopo nga' syarikat multinasional utama mantad Jerman ii papaasil do kasut atlet, kasut om rasuk sipoot suai. Nokotimpuun o syarikat diti di toun 1924 sabaagi Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik i pinotimpuun di Adolf om Rudolf Dassler. Pioputan piompinayan diolo nopo nga' nokoluau gisom minisokodung yolo do minisuai antakan di toun 1948 om minombontuk do duo identiti di misuai, i otutunan sabaagi Adidas om Puma. Koduo-duo syarikat diti nopo nga' kipangkalan id Herzogenaurach, Jerman.

Sajara

Latar tolikud

Christoph Dassler nopo nga' kumaraja id kilang kasut, om sawo disio nopo, Pauline, nopo nga' popoindalan do pomupuan rasuk di tokoro id bandar Franconian id Herzogenaurach 20 km (12.4 mi) mantad bandar Nuremberg. Kalapas nakaayi sikul, tanak diolo, Rudolf Dassler, sinumungku do tapa disio id kilang kasut dii. Soira nokoguli isio mantad Sangod Pomogunan I, kinumalaja i Rudolf sabaagi do popojual id kilang porselin, om nakakaraja nogi id pamadagangan kulit kalapas di id Nuremberg.[6]

Antakan di Madas 1924, i Rudolf om tadi disio, Adolf, roitan sabaagi "Adi", nokobontol do kilang kasut. Pinungaranan diolo bisnes wagu diolo di sabaagi "Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik" (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory) hinonggo iri nopo nga' bisnes kilang kumoiso kopio momonsoi do kasut sipoot.[7] Tinumimpuun yolo do goos diolo id dobi tama diolo. Antakan dii, bekalan lotirik id kinoyonon diolo nopo nga' amu kopio oilaan, id piipiro timpu, nuru yolo momoguno do kuasa pedal mantad kadai bosikol montok popoindalan kakamot diolo.[8] Antakan di toun 1927, minisuai yolo do kinoyonon.

Pinapapanau yolo korita mantad Bavaria kumaa Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1963 id Berlin miampai kantung di noponu do spike om minonginsasamod do mananangkus United States, Jesse Owens do momoguno kasut dii, biasiswa kumoiso montok African American. Nakalantoi i Owens do apat medal amas. Nointutunan kopio o bisnes diolo kalapas dii; nokopojual i Dasslers do 200,000 pasang kasut monikid toun sobolum do Sangod Pomogunan II.[9]

Goduuduo diolo sinumuang do Nazi Party, nga' i Rudolf no popokito rahi di takawas kumaa Nazi, om minagapalai do sumuang, om notorimo sumuang do Gestapo; i momonsoi kasut but montok Wehrmacht.[10][11] Kinoinggoyoon do kababakan piisaan diolo nokorikot no poin kababakon antakan di penyerangan bom bersekutu 1943. SInumalakoi i Adi om sawo disio id walai bom hinonggo hilo no i Rudolf om paganakan dau do mion. "Hiti no kaagu lo tulun di amu osonong," ka di Adi, momokomoi do kapal tulud panangod Bersekutu, nga' i Rudolf, gama do roso amu otinolig, minongondos do boros di Adi nopo nga' popokomoi kumaa dau om paganakan disio.[12] Soira nongoi kaagu i Rudolf do Tentera Amerika om natandasan do ahli Waffen SS, otumbayaan kopio isio do tadi disio no i pinapatahak dau.[8]

Pinitongkiadan om kinapamansayan do Puma

Sapasang kasut do Puma

Kalapas do pinopingkawas do pogigintong do poingkuro popoindalan do bisnes, miompinai dii minitongkiad bisnes dii antakan di toun 1948. Minundaliu i Rudolf id Bawang Aurach montok monimpuun do kompeni disio sondii. Tinumimpuun i Adolf do syarikat diso momoguno do ngaran pongundodoitan disio-Adi- om tolu pimato gulu id ngaran tohuri dau -Das- mombontuk do Adidas. Minomonsoi i Rudolf do pomogiratan di lohowon disio sabaagi Puma om Adidas sumuang do pisaapan di ototos kopio kalapas do nokopitongkiad. Bandar Herzogenaurach nopo nga' nokopogilaalapak gama do isu dii, papasabap do noonuan do pongundodoitan sabaagi "bandar di mongilong do liou" - mintong o tongoulun do nunu kasut di gunoon do tongoulun.[8]

Maamaso pialaan mimbuul di kumoiso kalapas do Pisangadan Pomogunan II di toun 1948, piipiro ahli do West Germany national football team momoguno but Puma, kohompit no pinoposuang do gol kumoiso mantad West Germany montok pomoinan buul kapalas do pisangadan. [13] Minomonsoi i Rudolf do but montok buul sipak miampai stud ii kikancing skru, lohowon sabaagi do "Super Atom" miampai kolaborasi do tulun miagal do momoluda kabansaan West Germany, Sepp Herberger.[14]

Kotindapaan id Olimpik

Minanahak toluod o Puma montok di nakaanu pingat amas, Tommie Smith (taatanga) om i nakaanu pingat gangsa, John Carlos (kanan) popokito do raised fist maamaso 1968 Summer Olympics

Antakan di 1952 Summer Olympics, mananangkus 1500 metres, Josy Barthel mantad Luxembourg nakalantoi do amas kumoiso Olimpik Puma id Helsinki, Finland.[13]

Maamaso do 1960 Summer Olympics, minambayar o puma do mananangkus Jerman Armin Hary montok mamakai Puma maamaso piboian final manangkus 100 meter. Sobolum dii, i Hary nopo nga' momoguno do produk Adidas om minokianu do pampasan mantad di Adolf. Hali pia miagal dii, nadaan do Adidas i pokionuan. Hali pia nakalantoi do pingat amas id Puma, minomili i Hary do mamakai Adidas maamaso monorimo pingat, pinapagagang do miompinai Dassler dii. Okito mantad o hiri, i Hary nopo nga' kitudu do maganu faedah kousinan mantad koduo-duo jenama, nga' tinumogod i Adolf gisom do taang manalob do pialaan Olimpik.[9]

Maamaso do 1968 Olympics Black Power Salute, minanahak toluod o Puma do atlet Afrika-Amerika, Tommie Smith om i John Carlos, soira nakalantoi do pingat amas om gangsa id pialaan 200 meter, masing-masing, minogoit do kasut Puma Suede id podium om tinumuku om minangakat do tutumbuk diolo di kisarung do sarung oitom sabaagi panakatanda ko'oduhan pakadaada maamaso pinouni o sinding kabansaan, sabaagi wakil do hak tongoulun om mingkakat sabaagi wakil do tulun Amerika kikulit toitom.[15]

World Cup om Piupakatan Pelé

Piipiro tulan sobolum do 1979 FIFA World Cup, Armin Dassler (tanak di Rudolf) mantad Puma om pinsan disio Horst Dassler (tanak di Adi) mantad Adidas minomonsoi do pibatasan i roitan sabaagi do "Piupakatan Pelé".[16] Pibatasan diti nopo nga' popoilo Pelé diti nopo nga' id soliwan batas koduo-duo Adidas om Puma, tu' kikopurimanan do haro piahawan mantad koduo-duo jenama montok atlet bobos otutunan sompomogunan antakan timpu di kosiliu apagon, sokiro do Puma minamabak do pibatasan di om maganu di Pelé.[17][18]

Suai ko' minambayar di Pelé do piatusan pamadagangan but Puma King, minambayar nogi o Puma $120,000 ($2.85 riong id toun 2022) montok mongoput do tali kasut disio sobolum do pialaan suku kolimpupuson Brazil miala do Peru montok popoiklan do but diolo.[19][20] Idea diti nopo nga' pinosogu do wakil Puma, i Hans Henningsen, pinopoundorong i Pelé do pengadil montok popotimpuun do pomoinan maamaso saat kolimpupuson montok mongoput do tali kasut disio, miampai kamera nopo nga' pointumpu kumaa disio, but Puma King nopo nga' nointangan do mogigintong sompomogunan, om nakaanu pinapaasil publisiti di agayo montok jenama dii.[18][19]

Kinaantakan bobos okito kopio nopo id suang do pigogutan do Dassler miompinai nga' tragedi pinamabakan do "Pibatasan Pelé", om pibatasan misonong nopo nga' noidu.[16][17] Pibatasan do Puma montok di Pelé nopo nga nakaanu rarayou sabaagi iso laang pemasaran di abaal kopio, om ogumu tulun abaal id bisnes mamarayou do pialaan mantad koduo-duo syarikat tu' minonimban do rasuk sipoot kumaa industri di kigatang berbilion pound.[19]

Ababayan sumusuhut

Antakan do 1972 Summer Olympics, pinopotounda o Puma do kasut montok nakalantoi 400 meter pagar mantad Uganda, John Akii-Bua. Kalapas do sinansagan i Akii-Bua do sumoliwan mantad Uganda di kerajaan katantaraan, naanu isio do Puma montok kumaraja id Jerman. Kalapas dii, ginumuli kawagu i Akii-Bua id Uganda.[21]

Pinoposoliwan kawagu o Puma do Puma Clyde di toun 1973, kasut buul keranjang di kiimpohon mantad do Suede. Winonsoi montok pamain buul keranjang Walt "Clyde" Frazier, nakaanu iri populariti di akawas om nokosiliu do signifikan id old school hip hop om subbudaya skate punk.[22][23]

Nokosiliu Awam

Nokosiliu sabaagi syarikat awam o Puma antakan di toun 1986, [24] om kalapas dii nakasanarai id Börse München om Frankfurt Stock Exchange; kousinan koumoiso kalapas do IPO nokodopitar di 1994.[25] Antakan di Mikat 1989, tanak di Rudolft, i Armin om Gerd Dassler pinopojual do 72 piatus saham id Puma kumaa bisnes Swiss, Cosa Liebermann SA.[26] Nakaanu o syarikat dii do Scandinavian Tretorn Group di toun 2001, kalapas dii nokojual kumaa Authentic Brands Group di toun 2015.[27] Montok fiskal toun 2003, hasil syarikat dii nopo nga' soginumu €1.274 billion, om majoriti mongigit saham Monarchy/ Regency pinopojual do saham diolo miampai impohon di lobi alaab tumanud do pelabur institusi.[28]

Antakan di Mansak 2007, pinoporuput o Puma do naratu kousinan diolo soginumu 26% kumaa €32.8 riong ($43 riong; £22 riong) maamaso kolimpupuson do tolu tulan id toun 2006. Kogumuan do korotuon do kousinan dii nopo nga' gama do akawas kos popoinlaab; nokoingkawat o pamadangan miampai lobi intolu do €480.6 riong.[29] Id koimpuunon do Ngiop, pinopoilang o Puma do soginumu €29.25 saham per saham do nokoingkawas, toi ko' lobi kurang do 10.2%, kumaa €315.24 per saham.[30] Antakan di 10 Ngiop, Konglomerat PPR Perancis (hinonggo nokosiliu Kering di toun 2013) pinopoilo do nokoboli no yolo do 27% saham id Puma, minanandai do ralan kumaa pogonuan miampai poimponu. Pibatasan dii manahak gatang do €5.3 billion kumaa Puma . Nokoboros o PPR do poposoliwan yolo do pogualihan piombolutan do Puma, kigatang do €330 o saham, soira opongo o pogonuan saham tongokoro. Lembaga Puma nopo nga' alapon no do mundaliu, koboros do iri nopo nga' adil om iri nopo nga' montok kapansalan firma dii. Antakan di Madas 2007, nasanganu do PPR lobi ko' 60% o stok do Puma.[31]

Di toun 2008, nokosiliu i Melody Harris-Jensbach sabaagi timbalan Momuruan Pegawai Eksekutif om artis Hussein Chalayan nokosiliu do pengarah kreatif,[32] om nakaanu o Puma majoriti saham id suang do bisnes fesyen do Chalayan.[33]

2010 om potilombus

A Puma Street Yaam

Antakan di 2010, minaganu o Puma do Cobra Golf, om minaganu do rasuk om sutakin syarikat Dobotex id toun sumusuhut.[34][35] Antakan di Madas 2011, nopongo do syarikat diti o pongundolihan mantad Aktiengesellschaft (German awam syarikat kirontob) kumaa Societas Europaea, European Union- miagal linaab, minonimban ngaran mantad Puma AG Rudolf Dassler Sport kumaa Puma SE.[36] Id timpu dii, Template:Wp/dtp/Ill minonimban di Jochen Zeitz, songulun di manahak khidmat bobos alaid sabaagi do chief executive officer (CEO) firma dii, miamapi i Zeitz sabaagi do ponorikohon. [37]Momuruan syarikat di nopo nga' songulun bagas mimbuul profesional, Bjørn Gulden, mantad di 1 Madas 2013. Nokosiliu i Arne Freundt sabaagi CEO di Milau 2022.[38]

Mantad di 2018, koguraan Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) minongunsub do momboikot Puma sabap do minanahak tajaan kumaa Israel Football Association om minonuntut syarikat dii "popotingkod persekongkolan miampai rejim penjajah om apartheid Israel". Nokoboros nogi o kempen BDS do Puma nopo nga' minomonsoi kontrak miampai songulun tulun Israel ii popoindalan operasi id illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank.[39] Minoningkod o Puma do manahak tajaan kumaa koisaan mimbuul Israel di toun 2024.[40]

Kousinan

Kadai Puma id Hong Kong

Nokosiliu o Puma sabaagi syarikat awam mantad di toun 1986, nakasanarai id suang do Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Tinimungan mewah Perancis Kering (dondo nopo nga' otutunan sabaagi PPR) minongigit do 9.8% mantad saham, mongigit saham bobos agayo Kering, Groupe Artemis mongigit do 29% saham.[41]

Kodudukan Puma nopo nga' iso mantad do top jenama kasut miagal do Adidas om Nike, [42] om lobi mantad ko 18,000 kukumaraja sompomogunan. [3] Syarikat diti nopo nga' haro upis korporat sompomogunan, kohompit no apat "longkod hab": Assembly Row, Somerville, Massachusetts;[43] Hong Kong; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; om upis tagayo sompomogunan id Herzogenaurach, Germany.[44]

Data kousinan id € riong[45]
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asil 2,985 2,972 3,387 3,627 4,136 4,648 5,502 5,234 6,805
Kousinan Oborisi 5 64 37 62 136 187 262 79 310
Aset 2,309 2,550 2,620 2,765 2,854 3,207 4,378 4,684 5,728
Kukumaraja 10,750 10,830 11,351 11,495 11,787 12,894 14,332 14,374 16,125

Tajaan

Austrian Cup football ball
Puma goalkeeper gloves

Mamain buul antarabangsa Neymar, Gianluigi Buffon, nokopencen Sergio Agüero, Antoine Griezmann, Marco Reus, Raphael Varane, Luis Suárez, David Silva, nokopencen Vincent Kompany, Christian Pulisic, Yann Sommer, Jonas Hofmann, Wataru Endo, Kaoru Mitoma om ogumu buut sukan mimbuul Puma.[46]

Mongigit o Puma 5% saham id suang do kalab mamain buul German Borussia Dortmund, om nokosiliu do mananahak mantad di toun 2012. [47] Antakan di 2014, sinumuang do 5 toun o Puma om Kalab Buul Sipak Arsenal sabaagi tambalut papadagang, pibatasan di bobos tagayo id suang do sajara Puma om Arsenal.[48] Nokotingkod o piombolutan diti di toun 2019. Kalab buul sipak suai miagal do Manchester City F.C., Oldham Athletic A.F.C, Barrow AFC, Olympique de Marseille, Fenerbahçe S.K., Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Lillestrøm SK, Valencia CF, AC Milan, Peñarol, US Sassuolo, Club de Fútbol Monterrey, Bengaluru FC, Chennaiyin FC, Mumbai City FC, Universidad Católica, Kawasaki Frontale om suai-suai po. Tinimungan buul sipak sompomogunan kohompit no Iceland, Switzerland, Austria, Morocco, Egypt, Serbia, om Uruguay.[49]

Usain Bolt mamakai do rasuk trek Puma disio

Id gana do atlet (trek om padang), minanahak o Puma do tajaan kumaa koisaan atlek montok Brazil (CBAt),[50] Jamaica (JAAA), Cuba (FCA), The Bahamas (BAAA), Grenada (GAA), Trinidad & Tobago (NAAATT), Dominica (DAAA), Barbados (AAB), Portugal (FPAtletismo), Switzerland (Swiss Athletics), om Norway (NFIF).[51] Haro nopo kusai bobos tosiau id pomogunan, atlet trek Jamaica, Usain Bolt, id siriba kontrak miampai do atlet padang miagal do i Andre De Grasse, Karsten Warholm, om Gianmarco Tamberi. Piipiro rekod sompomogunan naanu do atlet di momoguna kasut Puma, miagal do i Heinz Futterer (1954), Armin Hary (1960), Jim Hines (1976), Tommie Smith (1968), Asafa Powell (2015), om Usain Bolt (2002).[52][53]

Antakan di 2018, pinopoumum o Puma do sumuang kawagu yolo id buul keranjang kalapas do somok 20 toun do nokoundorong, om minomili di Jay-Z sabaagi pengarah boogian kreatif.[54][55] Marvin Bagley III, Deandre Ayton, Zhaire Smith, om Michael Porter Jr. nopo nga' pamain kumoiso di sinumuang do sanarai ngaran buul keranjang om minamain id koposolimbahan kasut buul keranjang Puma.[56][57] Antakan di Momuhau 2021, jenama dii pinoposoliwan do High Court, kasut tondu di kumoiso montok buul keranjang, winonsoi di pengarah kreatif June Ambrose.[58]

Rihanna id Fenty X Puma koposolimbahan fesyen

Minomonsoi o Puma do piombolutan miampai netball kalapas do 28 toun miampai minanahak tajaan kumaa Melbourne Vixens di toun 2018, om nokosiliu do rasuk rasmi do tinimungan buul keranjang sompomogunan New Zealand, Silver Ferns.[59][60] Pamain golf miagal do i Rickie Fowler om Lexi Thompson noonuan do golf jenama Puma, Cobra Golf.[61][62][63]

Puma nopo nga' poposoliwan utama do kasut pomanduan kisunduan om rasuk pigusaan om nopomonsoi do piombolutan miampai BMW, Ducati om Ferrari montok momonsoi do kasut diolo.[64] Id Formula 1, minanahak o Puma do tinimungan Puma Mercedes AMG Petronas, Scuderia Ferrari om Alfa Romeo,[65] minanahak nogi yolo do Red Bull Racing gisom di toun 2022. Minanahak nogi tajaan kumaa BMW, Mercedes om Porsche montok toinsanan aktiviti Sukan Motor diolo.[66] Id NASCAR, minanahak o Puma do Team Penske do rasuk kebakaran, sarung longon om kasut.[67]

Rihanna pinungaranan sabaagi pengarah kreatif id borisan rasuk tongoondu antakan di Momuhau 2014.[68] Duo toun kalapas dii, minipasang o Puma miampai The Weeknd sabaagi kolaborasi kreatif.[69] Antakan di 2018, pinoposoliwan o puma do goos diolo miampai do duta diolo, Selena Gomez ii pinungaranan do "Phenom Lux''[70][71]

--CorrelMoris38 (talk) 04:21, 11 March 2024 (UTC)==Labour practices and factory conditions== Antakan di toun 2000, nokotimpuun o Puma do mongaudit toinsanan manahak bekalan sabaagi impohon monikid toun, om manahak koutuson do luputan kelestarian. Mantad di 2005, pinopotounda o Puma do sanarai pembekal diolo miampai poingukab.[72][reply]

Antakan di Magus 2004, ruputan miampai mantad do National Labor Committee om China Labor Watch pinopoilo do piipiro kukumaraja id kilang Puma id China poingkakal id posorili di sweatshop, kumaraja lobi 16.5 jam sangadau miampai pongolus US$0.31 sanjaam. Nakarait o Puma do maan diolo soriuko o klaim diri. [73]

Antakan di Mansak 2012, songulun tondu ii kumaraja id iso pembekal Puma id Cambodia tinimbak maamaso protes kokomoi kowoowoyoon karaja kilang. Minagakun o Puma do araat kowoowoyoon karaja diolo om nokoboros do popoingkawas do situasi dii.[74]

Tumanud do ruputan miampai mantad Labour Behind the Label om Community Legal Education Centre, soginumu 30 kukumaraja do nopinsan antakan di wulan Milau 2012 maamaso momonsoi rasuk montok Puma id China. Iri nopo nga' sabap do linasu di nadalaan om sinansagan do kumaraja miampai kolobi timpu.[75][76] Antakan di 2014, soginumu somok no do 120 kukumaraja do nopinsan id duo kilang rasuk id Cambodia hinonggo momonsoi rasuk sipoot montok Puma om Adidas, gama do suhu id sawat do 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 °C).[76][77] Antakan di Gomot 2017, 150 kukumaraja monimung do produk Puma id Cambodia nopinsan gama do lisun di akapal.[78]

Nakaanu o Puma do akreditasi Rasuk Etnik Australia montok produk winonsoi don Australia.[79] Akreditasi mesra buruh diti nopo nga' montok do ginumu piatus tosiriba id winonsoi do Puma.[minog do kisukuon]

Ontok di 2020, natandasan do Australian Strategic Policy Institute lobi kuang 82 jenama major, kohompit no do Puma, montok nokopionit do mononsog Uyghur sumiliu buruh id Xinjiang.[80] Antakan di 2022, mononoriuk mantad Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences minongintutun do kapas mantad Xinjiang id rasuk do Puma.[81]

Pinludaan posorili

Antakan di Mikat 2011, suat abal Inggiris The Guardian pinopoilo do Puma nopo nga' "syarikat major kumoiso id pomogunan do mamagatang kopio bagas kumaa posorili" om Puma "minomonsoi do komitmen diti miampai apat toun, soboogian do koleksi sompomogunan poosinol tumanud do standard kelestarian, miampai momoguno lobi ogumu kakamot lestari miagal do momoguno kawagu polister, sabaagi do papakakal do pembekal papaasil lobi ogumu kakamot om produk lestari."[82]

Puma nogi nga' otutunan sabaagi mongunsub praktis posorili di positif id suang do supply chain maya do insentif kousinan. Skema supply chain finance diti pinoindalan mioput do prestasi lestari mantad do kunci pembekal kumaa gatang di milo yolo mongakses kousinan. Nakaanu o Puma do mongingkuri kopolobusan do karbon mantad rantai pembekal maya papakaraja lobi eko-piombolutan om okuri roromu karbon intensif.[83] Sistem diti nakalantoi do syarikat id "Anugerah Inovasi" id Supply Chain Finance di toun 2016.[84]

Nakaanu o Puma minongingkuri do kopolobusan karbon sompomogunan miampai 88% id pialatan do 2017 om 2021.[83] Iti nopo nga' pinoinsonong maya minomoli tenaga di milo inwoguan toi ko' sijil tenaga di milo inwoguan.[83]

Antakan di 2023, pinopoilo do Puma do mundorong no yolo do momoguno hulu kangaroo id kopoosilan produk diti, kohompit no momonsoi kawagu buut mimbuul do KING, hinonggo kowoowoyoon id sawat nopo nga' kiharo do lobi kuang 20% kakamot do ginuno kawagu.[85][86] Di nogi toun 2023, pinopoilo kawagu o Puma do inisiatif mampan di wagu, Voices of a Re:Generation, i kitudu do popoingkawas 'pamanahon kemapanan' do syarikat diti maya do humompit id 'poposogu' om 'perspektif' kumaa sukod wagu.[87][88]

Antakan di Milatok 2024, luputan tenaga fesyen pembida kikomilaan, porkhidmatan monimban do ultiliti, popokategori do Puma sabaagi do jenama di bobos amapan miampai panahangan kemapanan di akawas, ketelusan id taang takawa, om osiriba ginumu do CO (Karbon dioksida)2 di nokosoliwan soira haro tumombului id laman web diolo.[89]

Sukuon

  1. ↑ "Our Management". Puma SE. Linoyog ontok 17 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Nina Nix, Chief Executive Officer of stichd (2019-07-02). "Stepping out of the shadows: our proud new brand stichd". PUMA CATch up. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Linoyog ontok 2022-02-26.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Puma Annual Report 2022". Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Linoyog ontok 5 December 2022.
  4. ↑ "Kering Finance Puma". Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Linoyog ontok 20 June 2018.
  5. ↑ Puma company profile Archived 29 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine craft.co. Naanu di 5 Manom 2021
  6. ↑ "The History of Adidas and Puma". Newsweek. 13 April 2008. Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Linoyog ontok 1 September 2015.
  7. ↑ Smit 2009, p. 6.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "The Town that Sibling Rivalry Built, and Divided". Deutsche Welle – dw-world.de. 7 March 2006. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Linoyog ontok 6 November 2010.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kirschbaum, Erik (2005-11-08). "How Adidas and Puma were born". The Journal. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Linoyog ontok 2008-07-14.
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