Wp/tzm/ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ
| ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ, Kürtçe
كوردی, Kurdî, Kurdí, Кyрди |
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| ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ: |  ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ ⵄⵉⵔⴰⵇ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵔⵎⴻⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵣⵔⴱⵉⵊⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵔⵊⵢⴰ ⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ, ⵓⵙⵜⵔⴰⵍⵢⴰ) |
| ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ: | ⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ |
| ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ: | ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 77 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ |
| ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ: | 23 |
| Astay n tawja | |
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Template:Wp/tzm/Agjja ibiro-roman |
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| Asngl Amddud: | |
| Agraw n Tasnawal: | Académie royale espagnole (Real Academia Española) |
| Isngal n tutlayt: | |
| ISO 639-1: | ku |
| ISO 639-2: | kur |
| ISO 639-3: | Template:Wp/tzm/Doc ISO3 |
| ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ | L (ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⴷⴷⵔⵏ) |
| Tažli (étendu): | I (ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ) |
| IETF | ku |
| ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ: |  |
| Bddel Template:Wp/tzm/Lien vers modèle | |
Contents |
ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ [edit]
ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⴷ-ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⵢ ⵙⵙⵅⴷⴰⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵛⴰⴱⵉⵏ ⵎⵍⵉⵃ, ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ-ⵜⵏⵜ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 13 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ-ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵓⵎⵉ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵣⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⵊⵉⵜ (ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ), ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵜ (ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵏⵥⵓⵍ), ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 2.800.000 ⵏ ⵢⵎⴷⴰⴱⵏ ⴷⵓ ⵍⵄⵉⵔⴰⵇ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ 3.000.000 ⵏ ⵢⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ. ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⵊⵉⵜ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ-ⵏⴰⴼ ⴷⵖⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ ¨ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴽ, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜ-ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ, ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵉⵔⴰⵇ, ⴷⵉ ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵜ-ⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ 500.000 ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⴷⵉ ⴰⵔⵎⵉⵏⵢⴰ (100.000 ⵏ ⵢⵎⵙⵉⵡⵍⵏ) ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ (100.000). ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⵊⵉⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵊⵢⵓⵔⵊⵢⴰ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⴰⵣⵔⴱⵉǧⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵥⵔⵉ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵛⵃⴰⵍ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵜⵔⴱⴱⴰⵄ ⵜⵉⵎⵛⵟⴰⵃ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⵔⵔ'ⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ (ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 70.000 ⵙ ⵓⵊⵎⵎⴰⵍ), ⵍⴰⴷⵖⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵓⴼⵜ, ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵢⴷⴷⵓⴽⵍⵏ (ⵓⵙⴰ) ⴰⴽⴽ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ. ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵡⵡⴹⵏ ⵖⵔ 6 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵊⵎⵎⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⵊⵉⵜ ⵡⵡⴹⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 7 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ, ⵅⴰⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⵡⵡⴹⵏ ⴰⵍⴰⵎⵎⵉ ⴷ 20 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ. ⵢⵓⵖ ⵍⵃⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰⵛⵉ ⵎⵔⵔ'ⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ-ⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ (ⴰⵙⵙⵉⵎⵉⵍⴰⵜⵉⵓⵏ) ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵡⴹ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵙⴳ-ⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ǧǧⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ, ⵢⵔⵏⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵍⵉⵜ (ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵏⴷⵓⵔⵓⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵛⴰⴱⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴳⴰⵔ-ⴰⵙⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵎⴳⵔⵔⴰⴷⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ), ⵢⵔⵏⵓ ⵃⵙⴱⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ-ⵏⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵡⴰⵍ ⵍⵃⵙⴰⴱⴰⵜ ⵡⵄⵔⵏ.
ⴷⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ [edit]
90% ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴽⵙⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⴷⴷⵓⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⴰⴹ. ⵎⴱⵄⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵙⵄⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵛⵃⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵟⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ, ⵙⵙⴰⵡⴹⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴱⴻⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵙⵉ 1984, ⵜⴻⵏⵇⴻⵙ ⵎⵍⵉⵃ ⵛⵛⴻⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵔⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ. ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ (ⵃⵓⴱⵍⵉⵛⴰⵜⵉⵓⵏⵙ) ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴻⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵔ-ⵏ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⵄⴰⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ.
ⴷⵉ ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴽ [edit]
ⴷⵉ 1938 ⴰⵢ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⴳⴷⴻⵍ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⵜ-ⵢⴻⵎⵎⴻⵙⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⴷⵉ ⴱⴻⵔⵔ'ⴰ ⵢⴻⵣⵎⴻⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵅⴻⵍⵍⴻⵙ' ⵜⴰⴼⴳⵓⵔⵜ (ⴰⵎⴻⵏⴷⴻ). ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ-ⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴻⵔⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵢ ⵙⵄⴻⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⴻⵏ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ ⵜⴻⵙⵔ'ⵓⵃ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵙⴻⴳ ⵡⴻⵏⵏⴰⵔ-ⵉⵙ, ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍⴻⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ (ⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏⴳⵓⴻⵙ), ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵛⵉⵟⵟⴰⵃ ⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⴹⵉ ⵙⴻⴳ-ⵙⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⴻⵎⴷⴻⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵔⴻⵏ ⵓ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ. ⴷⵉ 1961, ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵜⴻⵙⴱⴻⴷⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴽ ⵜⴰⵎⴻⵏⴹⴰⵡⵜ (ⵛoⵏⵙⵜⵉⵜⵓⵜⵉoⵏ) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⴱⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴰ ⴷ-ⵜⴻⴼⴼⵖⴻⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ (pⵓⴱⵍⵉⵛⴰⵜⵉoⵏⵙ) ⵜⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⴽⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⴷⴻⴳ-ⵙⴻⵏⵜ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⴳⴻⴷⵍⴻⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ-ⴼⴼⵖⴻⵏⵜ. ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵙⵉ 1967 ⴰⵍⴰⵎⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴻⴳⴳⴰⵙⴻⵏ ⵏ 1980, ⴰⴷⴰⴱⵓ ⴰⵜⵓⵔⴽⵉ ⵉⴽⴻⵎⵎⴻⵍ ⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵣⴻⴳⴳⵉⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵛⵛⴻⴷⴷⴰ ⵖⴻⴼ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵢⴻⵙⴱⴻⴷⴷ-ⴷ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵓⴹⴰⴼ (ⵍⴻⵇⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ) ⵉ ⵢⴻⵙ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵙⴻⵏ-ⵢⴻⵔⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵉ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⴻⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⴻⵙⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵔⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ. ⴷ ⴰⵛⵓ ⴽⴰⵏ, ⴷⵉ 1991, ⵢⴻⴽⴽⴻⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵜⵓⵔⴽⵉ ⴰⴳⴷⴰⵍ-ⵏⵏⵉ-ⵢⵉⵏⴻⵙ ⵖⴻⴼ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ, ⵢⴻⵔⵏⵓ ⵅⴰⵙ ⵓⵔ ⴷ-ⵇⵇⵉⵎⴻⵏ ⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵢⴻⵜⵜⵎⴻⵙⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴽ , ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵜⵡⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⴻⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵃⵔⵉⵛ ⵢⴻⵙⵄⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵎⴻⵇⵇⵔⴻⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵏⴻⵜⵜⵉⵜ-ⵏⵙⴻⵏ. ⵎⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵉⵏⵢⴰ, ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵇⴷⵉⵛⴰⵜ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵎⴰⵏⵊⵉⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓvⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ.
| tinglizit | talalmanit | takurdit | ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ |
|---|---|---|---|
| very | sehr | Zor / fre | ⵓⴳⴰⵔ |
| drop | tropfen | drope/dlope | ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵇⵉⵜ |
| great | groß | gewre | ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ |
| hope | hoffen | hêvî / hîwa | ⴰⵏⴰⵔⵓⵣ |
| moon | mond | mang/heyv | ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ |
| earth | erde | erd/herd | ⴰⴽⴰⵍ |
| evening | abend | êware/êvar | ⴰⵣⵎⵣ |
| honey | honig | hengwîn | ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵏⵜ |
| beautiful | schön | cwan | ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ |
| here | hier | êre | ⵖⵉ |
| iron | eisen | asin | ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ |
| brother | Bruder | bra | ⴳⵯⵎⴰ |
External links [edit]
- The Kurdish Institute of Paris: Language and Literature
- Kurdish Language and Linguistics, at Encyclopedia Iranica (article written by Ludwig Paul)
- History of Kurdish Written Literature, at Encyclopedia Iranica (article written by Philip G. Kryeenbroek)
- Kurdish Language Initiative of Seywan Institute
- Kurdish Institute of Istanbul
- KAL: The Kurdish Academy of Language
- Kurdish Language Academy in Iran
- Kurdish Kurdish links and language information, dictionary etc.
- Online Kurdish-English Dictionary
- On-line Kurdish-English Dictionary
- Online English to Kurdish to English Dictionary (By Erdal Ronahî)
- Online Kurdish-German-Kurdish Dictionary
- Online Kurdish-English Ferheng Dictionary
- Online Turkish-Kurdish-Turkish Dictionary
- http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Linguistics-and-Philosophy/24-942Grammar-of-a-Less-Familiar-
- Comparison between alphabets used in Kurdish
- Southern kurdish phonetic
- Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish
