Wp/mww/Austria
Austria - ib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Central teb chaws Europe. Cov pej xeem ntawm 8,46 lab cov neeg. Peev - Vienna. Raug raws ntaub ntawv cov lus - German.
Tsoom fwv teb chaws lub xeev, ib tug parliamentary koom pheej. Muab faib mus rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws cuaj lub xeev.
Nws muaj ciam teb rau lwm nrog lub Czech koom pheej (362 km) rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj - nrog Slovakia (91 km) rau sab hnub tuaj - nrog Hungary (366 km) rau sab qab teb - nrog Slovenia (330 km) thiab Ltalis (430 km) rau sab hnub poob - Liechtenstein (35 km) thiab Switzerland (164 km) rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob - nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees (784 km).
Austria - ib yam ntawm cov richest lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. GDP ib capita ntawm txog US $ 46,330 (nyob rau hauv 2012). Txiaj - Euro.
Tug tswv cuab ntawm lub tebchaws United Nations, lub European Union. Nyob rau hauv 1955, nws tshaj tawm tas mus li neutrality thiab uas tsis yog-kawm tuab si lug nrog rau tej tub rog blocs.
keeb kwm
[edit | edit source]- Kuv century BC. e. - Lub conquest ntawm cov neeg Loos inhabiting lub ib ncig ntawm hnub no lub Austria Celtic pab pawg neeg boyev, Taurisci thiab ozeriatov thiab nkag mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub xeev ntawm Noricum (nrhiav tau 15 BC. E.) Thiab Pannonia (nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv '10 n. E., Ces muab faib ua Upper Pannonia, uas muaj ib feem ntawm tam sim no-hnub Austria thiab Txo Pannonia). Ciam teb ntawm lub xeev tuav lub western lub zos Vindobona (Vienna), yog nyob rau hauv Pannonia.
- VI-VIII xyoo pua - migration mus rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm Bavarian thiab Slavic pab pawg
- 803 - creation ntawm Charlemagne Avar Lub peb hlis ntuj
- 976 - lub npe hloov mus Eastern hom
- 1156 - Austria sib cais los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud Duchy ntawm Bavaria nyob rau hauv lub German Reich, subordinate mus rau lub huab tais
- 1276 - pib ntawm Habsburg txoj cai, uas 1438-1806 xyoo twb kav cov vaj ntxwv, ces emperors ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Roman faj tim teb chaws
- 1284 - Mev King Alfonso X cov Wise hu ua lub teb chaws no - Austria, «uas, lawv hais tias, tam sim no hu ua Astarrika."
- 1359 - thaum Rudolf IV (kav 1358-1365 xyoo) rulers ntawm Austria tau txais lub title archdukes
- 1526 - lub accession ntawm Croatia thiab cov Czech koom pheej mus Austria
- 1529 - Turks unsuccessfully besieged Vienna
- 1683 - thib ob siege ntawm Vienna los ntawm lub Turks thiab tag nrho yeej ntawm Turkish pab tub rog ntawm Polish-Austrian-German troops
- 1687 - accession ntawm Hungary thiab Transylvania
- 1713 - rov tswj ntawm ltalis thiab cov lus Mev Netherlands
- 1740-1748 - Tsov rog ntawm lub Austrian succession; Maria Theresa muab Prussia Silesia
- 1772 - accession ntawm Galicia
- 1792-1795 - War nrog Fabkis
- 1804 - Franz tau ΙI tau txais lub title ntawm huab tais ntawm Austria
- 1804-1867 - Lub Austrian Empire
- 1805 - sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Austerlitz
- 1806 - Dawb Huv Roman Emperor hloov mus rau lub Austrian huab tais
- 1866 - Austro-Prussian War
- 1934 - Austrian Civil War
- 1938 - kev mus rau lub Peb Reich
- 1955 - rov qab los sovereignty thiab hais tias mus rau neutrality ntawm lub teb chaws
- 1995 - ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv cov European Union
- 2000 - yuav siv sij hawm tshaj li chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel
- 2004 - xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm Heinz Fischer. Nyob rau hauv 2010, re-raug xaiv rau ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm.
- 2008 - yuav siv sij hawm tshaj li chancellor Werner Faymann (Social ywj pheej Party)
Thaj av uas niaj hnub Austria raug yeej los ntawm cov neeg Loos Celts 15 BC. e.
Nyob rau hauv 788, ib ncig twb siv rau hauv lub faj tim teb chaws ntawm Charlemagne.
Lub tsev ntawm Habsburg, uas yog txuam nrog rau txoj cai ntawm lub flowering ntawm lub Austrian lub xeev, tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV, thiab los ntawm 1438 mus 1806 xyoo Archduke ntawm Austria ris lub npe ntawm huab tais ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Roman faj tim teb chaws.
Txij li thaum 1156 Austria - Duchy, 1453 - Archduchy, txij li thaum 1804 - lub Habsburg faj tim teb chaws, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1867-1918 - Austria-Hungary (dualistic - dual monarchy).
Lub koom pheej ntawm Austria twb tsim nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1918 tom qab lub collapse ntawm lub Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Ces twb hais tias German Austrian koom pheej, uas yog ua ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub xaus nyob rau hauv 1919 ntawm Saint-Germain kaj siab lug treaty Austria twb txwv tsis pub reunification ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub koom pheej ntawm Austria yog li ntawd los ua ib qho kev ywj siab hauv lub xeev.
Nyob rau hauv 1919, tsoom fwv teb chaws kev cai txoj cai hais tias Austria tsoom fwv teb chaws ywj pheej parliamentary koom pheej, uas tsim lub Federal los ua ke raws li ib tug PatientsÕ lub cev muaj li ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Council thiab lub teb chaws Council, qhov chaw ntawm lub Federal Thawj Tswj Hwm, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Chancellor thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws cov nom tswv thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws tsoom fwv.
Lub peb hlis ntuj 4, 1933 Federal Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss yaj Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws los ua ke, thiab ib xyoos tom qab luam tawm ib tug t. N. «Tej zaum tsab kevcai tswjfwm", tshem lub Federal los ua ke. "Thov kom tus Constitution" yog hloov los ntawm lub teb chaws sawv cev neeg.
Nyob rau hauv 1938 nws tau koom lub Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees (Anschluss) ntawm Austria thiab lub teb chaws tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv Reichsgau tswj taw Chancellor ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees governors.
Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1945, pab tub rog ntawm lub anti-Hitler Coalition tawm los ntawm Austria Wehrmacht, lub Nazi governors raug muab tshem tawm, lub hwj chim twb pauv mus rau ib ntus lub xeev tsoom fwv (nyob rau hauv ib co xeev hu ua ib ntus av committees) muaj tw ntawm kev siab phem, thiab lub Plaub Hlis 27, 1945 twb tsim muaj nyob rau lub teb chaws tiaj, lub Luag Yuav Tau Tshuaj tsoom fwv ntawm lub xeev (Provisorische Staatsregierung) ntawm lub Social Democrats, Communist thiab Christian Socialists, coj los ntawm lub Xeev Chancellor Social Democrat Karl Renner. Tus txheej txheem ntawm de-Nazification, rau tus tswj ntawm uas Austria twb nyob los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 4 tug States thiab cov anti-Hitler Coalition yog muab faib ua plaub qhov chaw ntawm txoj hauj lwm - Soviet, British, American thiab Fabkis. Lub Xya hli ntuj 4, 1945 rau qhov kev siv ntawm ncaj qha tswj lub denazification yog tsim los pab inter-Allied Control Commission rau Austria (Alliierte Kommission für Österreich), hom neeg sawv cev ntawm lub occupying lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1945, twb pub nom tswv ob tog, qhov loj tshaj plaws uas tau los ua tus Socialist tog ntawm Austria, lub Austrian neeg Party, lub tsev tog ntawm Austria thiab cov kev ywj pheej tog, thiab kaum ib hlis 25, 1945, xaiv tsa tau tuav nyob rau hauv lub National Council. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1945 txum tim rov qab Federal Law kev cai nyob rau hauv 1919. Kev sib khom lus rau ib tug kaj siab lug treaty pib nyob rau hauv 1947, tab sis tsuas xaus lus nws tsuas yog May 15, 1955. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm lub tib lub xyoo dhau ib txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub ruaj khov neutrality ntawm Austria, uas nws observes kom deb li deb. Lub kaum hli ntuj 25 tag nrho sib koom pab tub rog los ntawm Austria raug rho.
Nyob rau hauv 1995, Austria tuaj koom lub European Union.
Lub rau hli ntuj 29, 2009 twb sab laj Federal Chancellor Werner Faymann nrog lub ntsiab nom tswv ob tog nyob rau hauv Austria nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua "Austrian hais lus":
- Management kho kom zoo
- Lub tsev kawm ntawv Reform