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  ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᩈᩪᨦ (ᨠᩖᩲ᩶​ᩁᨯᩢ᩠ᨷ​ ᪁᪀)
  ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨲ᩵ᩣᩴ (ᨠᩖᩲ᩶​ᩁᨯᩢ᩠ᨷ​​ ᪀)
ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ​ᨴᩦ᩵​ᨾᩦ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ᨴᩯ᩶​​ ​(ᨻᩂᨲᩥᨶᩱ᩠ᨿ) ᨶᩲ​ᨸᩦ​ ᪂᪀᪂᪀​ ᨧᩢ᩠ᨯ​ᩋᩢ᩠ᨶᨯᩢ᩠ᨷ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ ​​ᨯᩢᨩ᩠ᨩᨶᩦᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​​ ᨯᩰᩫ᩠ᨿ​ᨶᩥᨲ᩠ᨿᩈᩣ᩠ᩁ​ ​ᨯᩥᩋᩦᨤᩰᨶᩰᨾᩥᩈ᩠ᨴ᩼​ (The Economist)[1]
ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ​ᨴᩦ᩵​ᨷᨠᩣ᩠ᩈ​ᩅ᩵ᩤ​ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ᨠᩫ᩠ᨭᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ᩠ᨿ​ (ᨶᩥᨲᩥᨶᩱ᩠ᨿ)​ ᨶᩲ​ᨸᩦ​ ᪂᪀᪂᪀​ ᨾᩦ​ᩈᩢ᩠ᨷᨻᩕᩰᩬᩡ​ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ​ ᨪᩣᩋᩩᨯᩥᩋᩣᩁᨷᩮ᩠ᨿ​ ᩋᩰᨾᩣ᩠ᨶ​ ᩈᩉᩁᩢᨭᩛ᩼ᩋᩣᩉᩕᩢ᩠ᨷ​ᩋᩮᨾᩥᩁᩮ᩠ᨴ​ ᨣᩤᨴᩤᩁ᩼​ ᨷᩕᩪᨶᩱ​ ᩋᩢ᩠ᨷᨼᨣᩤᨶᩥᩈᨳᩣ᩠ᨶ​ ᩓ​ᨶᨣᩬᩁ​ᩁᩢᨭᩛ᩼​ᩅᩤᨴᩥᨣᩢ᩠ᨶ​ ᨴᩮᩢ᩵ᩣ​ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ​ᨴᩦ᩵​ᨷᩴᨯᩱ᩶​ᨷᩬᨠ​ᨧᩯ᩠᩶ᨦ​​ᩅ᩵ᩤ​ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ᪩

ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ (ᩋᩢ᩠ᨦᨠᩕᩥ᩠ᩈ: democracy ᩃᩩᨠᨽᩣᩈᩣᨠᩕᩦ᩠ᨠ​ δημοκρατία (dēmokratía) ᨤᩨ​ dēmos 'ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨩᩫ᩠ᨶ' ᩓ kratos 'ᨸᩫ᩠ᨠᨣᩕᩬᨦ')[2] ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᩁᨷᩫ᩠ᨷᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ​ᨸᩫ᩠ᨠᨣᩕᩬᨦ​ᩀ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ​ᨶᩧ᩠᩵ᨦ​ᨴᩦ᩵​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨩᩫ᩠ᨶ​ᨾᩦ​ᩋᩣᩴᨶᩣ᩠ᨧ​ᨴᩦ᩵​ᨧᩢ​ᩃᩮᩬᩥᨠ​ᨲᩢ᩠ᨯᩈᩥ᩠ᨶ​ᨧᩲ​ᨯᩰᩫ᩠ᨿ​ᨪᩨ᩵ᨶᩲ​ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ​ᩋᩬᨠ​ᨠᩫ᩠ᨭᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ᩠ᨿ​ ​ (ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨶᩯ᩠ᩅ​ᨪᩨ᩵) ᨣᩤᩅ᩵ᩤ​ᩃᩮᩬᩥᨠ​ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫᨴᩯ᩠ᨶ​​ᨻᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᩋ​ᨻᩱ​ᨿᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ​ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩶ᩣᨴᩦ᩵​ᨶ᩠ᨶᩢ᩶​ᨴᩯ᩠ᨶ​ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ​ (ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿᨷᩯ᩠ᨷ​ᨹᩪ᩶ᨴᩯ᩠ᨶ)᪩​​​ ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ​ᨶᩢ᩠ᨷ​ᩅ᩵ᩤᨹᩲ​ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨩᩫ᩠ᨶ​ᨻᩕᩬ᩵ᨦ​​ᩓᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ​ᨷᩯ᩠᩵ᨦᨸᩢ᩠ᨶ​ᩋᩣᩴᨶᩣ᩠ᨧ​ᩁᩉ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨦ​ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ᩵​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨩᩫ᩠ᨶ​ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ​​ ᨸᩖ᩠ᨿᩁᨻᩱ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ᩅᩮᩃᩣ​ᩓ​ᨶᩲ​ᩋᩢᨲᩕᩣ​ᨴᩦ᩵​ᨹᩯ᩠ᨠ​ᨠᩢ᩠ᨶ​ᨻᩱ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ᨲᩯ᩵​ᩃᩡ​ᨷᩕᨴᩮ᩠ᩆ​᪩​ ᩉᩖᩢᨠ​ᨣᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ​​ᨡᩬᨦ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ​ᨤᩨ​ ᩈᩮᩁᩦᨽᩣ᩠ᨻ​ᨶᩲ​ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁᨪᩩᨾᨶᩩᨾ​ ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁᩈᨾᩣᨣᩫ᩠ᨾ​ ᩈᩥᨴ᩠ᨵᩥᨶᩲ​ᨪᩢᨻ᩠ᨿ᩼​ᩈᩥ᩠ᨶ​ ᩈᩮᩁᩦᨽᩣ᩠ᨻ​​ᨴᩣ᩠ᨦ​​ᩈᩣᩈᨶᩣ​ ᩈᩮᩁᩦᨽᩣ᩠ᨻ​ᨶᩲ​ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ​ᩈᨯᩯ᩠ᨦ​ᩋᩬᨠ​ ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁᨶᩢ᩠ᨷᩁ᩠ᩅᨾᨩᩩᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᨩᩩᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ᩵ᩉᩖᩮᩢ᩵ᩣ ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨾᨴᩮᩢ᩵ᩣᨴ᩠ᨿᨾ​ ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨾᨸᩮ᩠ᨶᨩᩣ᩠ᩅᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ​ ᨨᩢᨶ᩠ᨴᩣᨶᩩᨾᩢ᩠ᨲ​ᨡᩬᨦ​ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ​ᨲᩲ᩶​ᨸᩫ᩠ᨠᨣᩕᩬᨦ​ ᩈᩥᨴ᩠ᨵᩥ​ᩃᩮᩬᩥᨠᨲᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ​ ᩈᩥᨴ᩠ᨵᩥᨶᩲ​ᨩᩦᩅᩥ᩠ᨲ​​ ᩓ​ᩈᩥᨴ᩠ᨵᩥᨤᩫ᩠ᨶᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ᩵ᩉ᩠ᨶᩬ᩠᩶ᨿ᪩

ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨾᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ᩠ᨿ​ᨡᩬᨦ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨯᩱ᩶ᨠᩬᩴ᩵ᩁ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ​ᨻᩢᨯ᩠ᨰᨶᩣ​ᨡᩧ᩠᩶ᨶ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ᩅᩮᩃᩣ​᪩​ ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨲᩣ᩠ᨾ​ᨷᩯ᩠ᨷ​ᨣᩮᩢ᩶ᩣᩉ᩠ᨦᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ​ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ​ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨶᩯᩣ᩠ᩅᨪᩨ᩵᪩​ ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᩈ᩠ᩅ᩵ᩁ​ᩉᩖᩣ᩠ᨿ​ᨷᩢ᩠ᨯᨯ᩠᩵ᨿᩅ​ᨶᩦ᩶​ᨸᩮ᩠ᨶ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨷᩯ᩠ᨷᨹ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨶ​ᨹᩪ᩶ᨴᩯ᩠ᨶ​ ᨪᩮᩥ᩠᩵ᨦ​ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨩᩫ᩠ᨶ​ᨧᩢ​ᨯᩱ᩶​ᩃᩮᩬᩥᨠ​ᨲᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ​ᨹᩪ᩶ᨴᩯ᩠ᨶ​ᨡᩬᨦ​ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫᨡᩧ᩠᩶ᨶ​ᨾᩣ​ᨾᩦ​ᩋᩣᩴᨶᩣ᩠ᨧ​ᨸᩫ᩠ᨠᨣᩕᩬᨦ​​ ᨩᩮᩬᩥ᩶ᩋᩅ᩵ᩤ​ ᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨷᩯ᩠ᨷᩁᩢᨭᩛᩈᨽᩣ​ ᨣᩤᨷᩕᨩᩣᨵᩥᨷᨲᩱ᩠ᨿ​ᨷᩯ᩠ᨷ​ᨷᩕᨵᩣᨶᩣᨵᩥᨷᨯᩦ᪩[3]

ᩋ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦᩋᩥ᩠ᨦ

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  1. "Democracy Index 2017 – Economist Intelligence Unit" (PDF). EIU.com. ᩃᩮ᩠᩶ᨾ​ᨡᩬᩴ᩶ᨾᩪᩃ᩼​ᨠᩮᩢ᩵ᩣ​ᨠᩮᩢ᩠ᨷ​ᩃᩩᨠ ᨨᨷᩢ᩠ᨷᨯᩮᩥ᩠ᨾ (PDF) ᨳᩮᩥ᩠ᨦ 18 February 2018. ᩈᩨ᩠ᨷᨪᩰᩬᩡ​ᨾᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᩋ 17 February 2018.
  2. "Democracy". Oxford University Press. ᩈᩨ᩠ᨷᨪᩰᩬᩡ​ᨾᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᩋ 24 February 2021.
  3. Tangian, Andranik (2020). Analytical Theory of Democracy: History, Mathematics and Applications. Studies in Choice and Welfare. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39691-6. ISBN 978-3-030-39690-9.