\documentclass{article}
\nonstopmode
%\RequirePackage{fix-cm}
\usepackage[margin=0.1in]{geometry}
\geometry{paperwidth=28cm, paperheight=70cm}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage[table,dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\renewcommand\textipa[1]{{\fontfamily{cmr}\tipaencoding #1}}
\renewenvironment{IPA}{\fontfamily{cmr}\tipaencoding}{}
\begin{document}

\newfontfamily\teluguf[SizeFeatures={Size=72}]{"[Ramaraja-Regular.ttf]"}
\newfontfamily\trf[SizeFeatures={Size=24.88}]{"[cmunbx.otf]"}
\newcommand\telugu[1]{\teluguf{\textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{#1}}}
\newcommand\tr[1]{\trf{\textcolor{OliveGreen}{#1}}}
\newcommand\ipa[1]{\Huge\begin{IPA}[#1]\end{IPA}}
\definecolor{lg}{gray}{0.8}
\renewcommand\t{\telugu}
\renewcommand\i{\ipa}
\newcolumntype{x}{>{\centering\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{3.5cm}}

\noindent\adjustbox{min width=\columnwidth}{
{\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.25}
\begin{tabular}{|x|x|x|x|x|}\hline
	 & & & & \\
	\telugu{క}\hfill\vfill & \telugu{ఖ} & \telugu{గ} & \telugu{ఘ} & \telugu{ఙ} \\[.5ex]
	\tr{k} & \tr{kh} & \tr{g} & \tr{gh} & \tr{ṅ}\\[.5ex]
	\ipa{k} & \ipa{k\textsuperscript h} & \ipa{g} & \ipa{g\textsuperscript{H}} & \ipa{N} \\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t చ & \t ఛ  & \t జ & \t ఝ & \t ఞ \\[.5ex]
	\tr{c} & \tr{ch} & \tr{j} & \tr{jh} & \tr{\~{n}}\\[.5ex]
	\i{tS} & \i{tS\textsuperscript{h}} & \i{dZ} & \i{dZ\textsuperscript{H}} & \i{\textltailn} \\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	\cellcolor{lg}{} & & \cellcolor{lg}{} & & \\
	\cellcolor{lg}{\t ౘ} & & \cellcolor{lg}{\t ౙ} & &\\
	\cellcolor{lg}{\tr{ĉ}} & & \cellcolor{lg}{\tr{z}} & &\vfill \\[.5ex]
	\cellcolor{lg}{\i{\texttoptiebar{ts}}} & & \cellcolor{lg}{\i{\texttoptiebar{dz}}} & &\vfill \\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t ట & \t ఠ & \t డ & \t ఢ & \t ణ\\[.5ex]
	\tr{ṭ} & \tr{ṭh} & \tr{ḍ} & \tr{ḍh} & \tr{ṇ}\\[.5ex]
	\i{\:t} & \i{\:t\textsuperscript{h}} & \i{\:d} & \i{\:d\textsuperscript{H}} & \i{\:n}\\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t త & \t థ & \t ద & \t ధ & \t న\\[.5ex]
	\tr{t} & \tr{th} & \tr{d} & \tr{dh} & \tr{n}\\[.5ex]
	\i{t} & \i{t\textsuperscript{h}} & \i{d} & \i{d\textsuperscript{H}} & \i{n}\\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t ప & \t ఫ & \t బ & \t భ & \t మ\\[.5ex]
	\tr{p} & \tr{ph} & \tr{b} & \tr{bh} & \tr{m}\\[.5ex]
	\i{p} & \i{p\textsuperscript{h}} & \i{b} & \i{b\textsuperscript{H}} & \i{m}\\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t ర &\t ఱ & \t ల & \t ళ & \vfill\\[.5ex]
	\tr{r} &\tr{ṛ} &  \tr{l} & \tr{ḷ} & \vfill\\[.5ex]
	\i{r} & \i{\:r} & \i{l} & \i{\:l} & \vfill \\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t వ & \t శ & \t ష & \t స &\vfill\\[.5ex]
	\tr{v} & \tr{ś} & \tr{ṣ} & \tr{s} & \vfill\\[.5ex]
	\i{V} & \i{S} & \i{\:s} & \i{s} & \vfill\\[1.5ex]\hline
	%
	 & & & & \\
	\t హ & \t{క్ష} & \t య & &\vfill\\[.5ex]
	\tr{h} & \tr{kṣ} & \tr{y} & & \vfill\\[.5ex]
	\i{h} & \i{k\:s} & \i{j} & & \vfill\\[1.5ex]\hline
\end{tabular}}}

\end{document}