Wt/sco/ka

Scots

Alternative forms

• kae

Noun

ka (plural kas)

1. A daw, the bird Corvus monedula.

1. A lazy person.

---

Acehnese

Adverb

ka

1. awready

---

Albanie

Alternative forms

• nga (Tosk)
• kah

Pronunciation

• IPA⁽⁾: sq, [ka] (Gheg)

Etymology 1

Frae aulder kah, frae *kah ~ ngah (compare ), frae Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from *en kʷod so ‘whaurin, wherefrom’, leeterally ‘in that this’. Cognate wi Auld Kirk Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).

Preposition

ka (+nominative)

1. from, out, out of, to

   Jo, unë nuk jam ka Shqipëria.

   No, I am not from Albania.

2. who, whom

Etymology 2

The plural form qe suggests an earlier *kʷē, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷōus (“ox, cow”) via a pre-Albanian language.

Pronunciation

• singular: IPA⁽⁾: sq, [kaː]
• singular: IPA⁽⁾: sq, [qɒ] (Gheg)
• plural: IPA⁽⁾: sq, [ceː]

Noun

ka m (indefinite plural qe, definite seengular kau, definite plural qetë)

1. owse
2. steer

Declension

declension o Wt/sco/ka

	indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara)			definite forms (trajta të shquara)
	seengular (numri njëjës)	plural (numri shumës)		seengular (numri njëjës)	plural (numri shumës)
nominative (emërore)	Wt/sco/ka	qe		Wt/sco/kau	qetë
accusative (kallëzore)	Wt/sco/ka	qe		Wt/sco/kaun	qetë
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së)	Wt/sco/kau	qeve		Wt/sco/kaut	qevet
dative (dhanore)	Wt/sco/kau	qeve		Wt/sco/kaut	qevet
ablative (rrjedhore)	Wt/sco/kau	qesh		Wt/sco/kaut	qevet

Hyponyms

• kau i hullisë (“stranger owse (o a team) that walks in the furrae”)
• ka i kularit (“yoke owse”)

Etymology 3

Non-lemma forms.

Verb

ka

1. third-person singular present indicative of kam

---

Amanab

Pronoun

ka

1. Ah (first person seengular nominative)

---

Bahnar

Etymology

Frae Proto-Bahnaric *kaː, frae Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate wi Sedang ka̰, Vietnamese cá, Mon [script needed] (kaʔ).

Pronunciation

• IPA⁽⁾: bdq, /kaː/

Noun

ka

1. fish

---

Chuukese

Pronoun

ka

1. ye (seengular)

Adjective

ka

1. ye are

Related terms

		Present an past tense	Negative tense	Futur	Negative futur	Distant futur	Negative determinate
Singular	First person	ua	use	upwe	usap	upwap	ute
	Seicond person	ka, ke	kose, kese	kopwe, kepwe	kosap, kesap	kopwap, kepwap	kote, kete
	Third person	a	ese	epwe	esap	epwap	ete
Plural	First person	aua (exclusive) sia (inclusive)	ause (exclusive) sise (inclusive)	aupwe (exclusive) sipwe (inclusive)	ausap (exclusive) sisap (inclusive)	aupwap (exclusive) sipwap (inclusive)	aute (exclusive) site (inclusive)
	Seicont person	oua	ouse	oupwe	ousap	oupwap	oute
	Third person	ra, re	rese	repwe	resap	repwap	rete

---

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• kan, kor

Preposeetion

ka

1. in, at

   Ich hèrbighe kan 'Toballe, kor Baan, ka Sléeghe.

   I live in Mezzaselva, [a hamlet o] Roana, [a toun in] Asiago.

2. tae, taewarts

   Ich ghéa inn ka Sléeghe, aus kan Bèarn, au kan Triin, abe kan Ròome.

   Ah gae east tae Asiago, oot wast tae Verona, up north tae Trentino, an doun sooth tae Roum.

References

• “ka” in Umberto Martello Martalar, Alfonso Bellotto, Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Setti Communi vicentini, 1st edition, 1974.

---

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA⁽⁾: nl, /kaː/
• Hyphenation: ka
• Rhymes: -aː

Etymology 1

Frae kade.

Noun

ka f (plural kaden or kades or ka's, diminutive kaatje n)

1. Alternative form o kade.

Etymology 2

Uncertaint. Possibly frae Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".

Noun

ka f (plural ka's, diminutive kaatje n)

1. (pejorative) dominant wumman

Synonyms

• kenau

Etymology 3

Related tae kauw.

Noun

ka f (plural ka's or kauwen, diminutive kaatje n or kauwtje n)

1. Alternative form o kauw.

Etymology 4

Borraed frae Egyptian kꜣ.

Noun

ka c (plural ka's)

1. ka (auncient Egyptian notion o the soul, shawn as a bird)

---

Estonie

Etymology

Derived frae kaasas.

Adverb

ka

1. an aw

   Tema läks ka metsa.

   He an aw went tae the forest.

---

Ewe

Pronunciation

• IPA⁽⁾: ee, /ˈkɑː/

Noun

ka (plural kawo)

1. cord
2. line
3. raip
4. string

Verb

ka

1. tae bite
2. tae brak
3. tae chip
4. tae reeshle

---

Finnish

Etymology 1

A dialectal or colloquial 2nt person imperative present o katsoa (“tae leuk”).

Verb

ka

1. (colloquial) leuk!

   Ka!

Synonyms

• katso
• kato (colloquial)

Etymology 2

Adverb

ka

1. (rare, dialectal) an aw

   Minä menin kauppaan ka.

   Ah went tae a shop as weel.

---

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑ/
• Rhymes: -ɑ

Noun

ka m (plural Wt/sco/kas)

1. kay, The name o the Laitin-script letter K/k.

---

Futuna-Aniwa

Verb

ka

1. (Aniwa) tae squeal

---

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Cognates wi Kabuverdianu ka.

Adverb

ka

1. nae

---

Haitian Creole

Etymology 1

Frae French cas (“case”).

Noun

ka

1. case, instance

Etymology 2

Contraction o kapab, frae French capable

Verb

ka

1. (auxiliary) can, be able tae

---

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

• ke (afore wirds that begin wi 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')

Article

ka sg (plural nā)

1. the

---

Ido

Etymology

See kad. Deceesion no. 16, Progreso II.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwtst͡soka/

Particle

ka

1. apocopic furm o io (used before a consonant)

   Ka tu amoras me? ― Dae ye luve me?

References

• Progreso II (in ), 1909–1910, pages 15, 357, 579

---

Japanese

Romanization

Wt/sco/ka

1. See か
2. See カ

---

Javanese

Etymology

Clippin of ika

Determiner

ka

1. (colloquial) yonder

---

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Frae African oreegin.

Adverb

ka

1. nae

---

Laitin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kaː/

Noun

kā f (indeclinable)

1. The name o the letter K.

References

• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; vollum 9 o University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
  Clearly thare is na quaisten or doubt aboot the names o the vouels A, E, I, O, U. Thay are semply lang A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is thare ony uncertainty wi respect tae the sax mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Thair names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — ilk, again, wi a lang vouel soond.

---

Latvie

Etymology

Oreeginally an auld neuter nominative singular form o kas (“that, whit”) that acquired the function o a conjunction. Cognates include Old Prussian ka (“that, whit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka]

lv-riga-ka.ogg

noicon

(file)

Conjunction

ka

1. that; uised tae link a subordinate clause tae the main clause, whiles wi a pronominal antecedent (tas, tāds, tik, tādēļ, tāpēc), wi various different functions:

   (a) subject:

   labi, ka darbs padarīts ― (it is) guid that the wark is duin

   viņam nepatika, ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divi ― he didna lik that nou anerly he an Pliens haed remained

   aplam darīts arī tas, ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavu ― wrangly duin wis an aw that (= the fact) that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meidae in twa days

   tveice bija tāda, ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kalte ― the heat wis sic that ane felt (as if) the field smelled lik a big rye drier

   (b) attributive complement, (seicontar) predicate

   pienāca ziņa, ka tēvs saslimis ― there is news that faither is sick

   viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi, ka demonstrācija beigusies ― thay lawered the banners as a sign that the protest wis ower

   vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, / ka atkal apkārt tikai mežs ― even mair the hert is oppressed bi the pyne / that again (thare is) anerly forest aroond

   ir tāds karstums, ka pat putniņi paslēpušies ― (thare) is sic a heat that even the little birds are hidin

   (c) direct object

   viņš teica, ka varam iet ― he said that we coud gae

   Ģirts redzēja, ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz, ka labāk runāt par ko citu ― Ģirts saw that Artūrs wad niver realise that it wad be better tae talk aboot something ense

   Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to, ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecināt ― Krančelis shawed aw his concren wi that (= the fact) that he coud nae cheer up the girl

   kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to, ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam! ― whit can be mair beautifu in (this) warld nor that (= the fact) that a person helps (anither) person an a friend - (anither) friend!

   (d) adverbial complement (manner)

   viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās, ka visa pamale skanēja ― on the shore, on the ither side o the river, Preimanis cursed (in sic a wey) that the whale horizon resoondit (wi his curses)

   Saulītis krāca tā, ka ārā varēja dzirdēt ― Saulītis snored sae (= in sic a wey) that ane coud hear it ootside

   (e) adverbial complement (cause)

   (often tāpēc ka, tādēļ ka, less frequently tamdēļ ka, tālab ka, “for the raison that”)

   viņai kļūst kauns par sevi, ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumu ― she felt ashamed o hersel, that (= acause) she haed alloued hersel (tae mak) this comparison even in thocht

   publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem, ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugas ― the publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays withoot real fervor an zeal

   “bet varbūt tāpēc līst, ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās ― “but maybe it is rainin for that raison, that (= acause) ma tuith hurts,” he thocht

   krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ, ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valoda ― we maun ken Roushie for that reason, that (= acause) it is the leid o oor neebours an friends

   Ješka nepaguva atbildēt, tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzert ― Ješka coudna answer, acause he first wantit tae drink

   tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi, tādēļ ka kurls esi palicis ― ye, uncle, hae nae heard muckle, acause ye hae acome deaf

   (f) adverbial complement (consequence)

Pairticle

ka

1. uised tae add a nuance o probability or doubt tae a, uisually negative, utterance, tae mak it optative, expressive o a deseer (cf. kaut); mey...

   jāsagrābj siens, ka neuznāk lietus ― (we) hae tae rak the hay thegither, mey rain nae come (i.e., meybe thare will be rain)

---

Mandarin

Romanisation

ka

1. Nonstaundart spellin o kā.
2. Nonstaundart spellin o kǎ.
3. Nonstaundart spellin o kà.

Usage notes

• Scots transcriptions o Mandarin speech eften fail tae distinguish atween the creetical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin leid, uisin wirds such as this ane withoot the appropriate indication o tone.

---

Mapudungun

Adverb

ka (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. an aw

Synonyms

• kafey

Conjunction

ka (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. an

Determiner

ka (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. anither; nae the same

---

Min Nan

Noun

ka (POJ, tradeetional 家, semplifee'd 家)

1. faimily, hoosehauld

ka (POJ, tradeetional 鸠, semplifee'd 鳩)

1. turtle doo; Turtur orientalis

ka (POJ, tradeetional 铰, semplifee'd 鉸)

1. scissors

Verb

ka (POJ, tradeetional 加, semplifee'd 加)

1. tae raise; tae increase; tae add; plus

---

Norse

Pronoun

ka

1. (dialectal) whit (interrogative pronoon); compare tae Nynorsk kva

   Ka e da du gjere på?

   Whit are ye daein?

Synonyms

• hva (Bokmål)
• kva (Nynorsk)

---

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• wत्/स्चो/क (Devanagari script)
• wত্/স্চো/ক (Bengali script)
• wත්/ස‍්චො/ක (Sinhalese script)
• wတ်/သ္စော/က (Burmese script)
• wตฺ/สฺโจ/ก or wัต/สโจ/กะ (Thai script)
• wᨲ᩺/ᩈ᩠ᨧᩮᩣ/ᨠ (Tai Tham script)
• wត៑/ស្ចោ/ក (Khmer script)

Etymology

Frae Proto-Indo-Aryan *kás, frae Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, frae Proto-Indo-European *kʷós. Cognate wi Avestan 𐬐𐬀 (ka), Ancient Greek ποῖος (poîos), Laitin quis, Old English hwā (whance Inglis who).

Pronoun

ka

1. (interrogative) that
2. (interrogative) whit

Declension

Declension table o "Wt/sco/ka" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Seengular	Plural
Nominative (first)	Wt/sco/ko	ke
Accusative (second)	Wt/sco/kaṃ	Wt/sco/ke
Instrumental (third)	Wt/sco/kena	Wt/sco/kehi or Wt/sco/kebhi
Dative (fourth)	kassa or kissa	kesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kasmā or kismā	Wt/sco/kehi or Wt/sco/kebhi
Genitive (sixth)	Wt/sco/kassa or kissa	kesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi	Wt/sco/kesu

Declension table o "kā" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Seengular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kā	kāyo or kā
Accusative (second)	kaṃ	kāyo or kā
Instrumental (third)	kāya	kāhi or kābhi
Dative (fourth)	kāya or kassā	kāsaṃ or kāsānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kāya	kāhi or kābhi
Genitive (sixth)	kāya or kassā	kāsaṃ or kāsānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kāya or kāyaṃ	kāsu

Declension table o "Wt/sco/ka" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Seengular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kiṃ	Wt/sco/kāni
Accusative (second)	kiṃ	Wt/sco/kāni
Instrumental (third)	Wt/sco/kena	Wt/sco/kehi or Wt/sco/kebhi
Dative (fourth)	kassa or kissa	kesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kasmā or kismā	Wt/sco/kehi or Wt/sco/kebhi
Genitive (sixth)	Wt/sco/kassa or kissa	kesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhi	Wt/sco/kesu

References

• ka˚ in Pali Text Society (1921–1925), Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead. (licensed unner CC-BY-NC)

---

Picuris

Verb

ka

1. tae wash

Faur readin

• Dominic Yu, Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)

---

Pitjantjatjara

Conjunction

ka

1. an (switchin)

   Watingku maḻu nyangu ka wirtjapakaṉu.

   The man saw the kangaroo an the kangaroo ran awey.

Uisage notes

• Ka is a switchin conjunction. Whan it airts twa clauses or sentences, it conveys that the seicont clause haes a different subject frae the first. In cases whaur the subject remeens the same, the conjunction munu is uised. In the ensaumple abuin, the subject o the seicont clause need nae be "the kangaroo", awtho that seems the maist likely possibility frae context. The ku semply tells us that someane or something ither than wati (the subject o the first clause) ran awey.
• Awtho ka is spelt wi a short a, the vouel is actually long (kaa). The misleadin spellin exists for historical raisons.

---

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• kaka, kakaka, kakakaka...

Interjection

ka

1. ha (representation o lauchter)

---

Rapa Nui

Interjection

ka

1. exclamation suggestin a juidgment on fremmit events

Uissage notes

For a personal reaction, conseeder uisin ko.

---

Serbo-Croatie

Preposeetion

ka (Cyrillic spelling ка) (+ dative case)

1. tae
2. taewart

Synonyms

• k

Adverb

Wt/sco/ka

1. (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, lik

Synonyms

• kao

Conjunction

ka

1. (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, lik

Synonyms

• kao

Pronoon

Wt/sco/ka

1. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative) that (feminine)
2. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative) that (feminine)
3. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite) some (feminine)

Synonyms

• koja

---

Somali

Preposeetion

ka

1. frae
2. away frae
3. oot o
4. aboot, concernin

Uissage notes

• In Somali, preposeetions faw afore the verb an nae afore the noon thay modify:

  ka imow -- tae come frae

  ka keen -- tae bring s.o frae

---

Spaingie

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/
• Homophones: es, ca

Noon

ka f (plural Wt/sco/kas)

1. Name o the letter k.

Further reading

• “ka” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

---

Swahili

Etymology

Frae the -ka- consecutive tense marker.

Adverb

ka

1. an then (uised atween a series o actions that happened suin closely thegither)

---

Tagalog

Pronoon

ka

1. ye (seicont person seengular)

See an aw

Tagalog personal pronoons

Person	Nummer	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
First	seengular	ako	ko	akin
	dual	kita/kata*	nita/nata*	kanita/kanata* (ata)*
	plural inclusive	tayo	natin	atin
	plural exclusive	kami	namin	amin
First & Seicont	seengular	kita
Seicont	seengular	ikaw, ka	mo	iyo
	plural	kayo	ninyo	inyo
Third	seengular	siya	niya	kaniya
	plural	sila	nila	kanila
*nae commonly uised

---

Thai

Romanisation

ka

1. Romanisation o ค่ะ

---

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From Inglis car.

Noon

ka

1. caur

---

Tuvaluan

Particle

ka

1. futur tense merker, insertit immediately afore the relevant verb

---

Ujir

Numeral

ka

1. fower

References

• Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer, Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages

---

Veps

Adverb

ka

1. aye
2. certaintly, absolutely
3. naiturally, o coorse
4. let's [+first-person plural imperative]

Conjunction

ka

1. but
2. then (in "if...then" constructions)

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “безусловно, да, давать, естественно, конечно, но”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

---

Volapük

Conjunction

ka

1. nor (uised for comparisons)