Wt/sco/ir

See also: Wt/sco/Appendix:Variations of "ir"

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Scots

Verb

ir

1. (Sooth Scots) Seicont-person simple present form o ti be
2. (Sooth Scots) Plural simple present form o ti be

See also

• im
• is

Alemannic German

Pronunciation

• (Zurich) IPA^(key): /ir/

Pronoun

ir

1. ye (plural)

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronoons

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive
1st person seengular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mer	miin
2nt person seengular	familiar	du	dich	dir	diin
	polite	Si		Ine, Ene	Ire
3rd person seengular	m	er	in	im	siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es		im	siin
1st person plural		mir	öis		öise
2nt person plural		ir	öi		öie
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene	ire

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Chuukese

Pronoun

ir

1. them

Related terms

Chuukese personal pronoons

		seengular	plural
1st person		ngaang, nganga, ngang	áám, am (exclusive) kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nt person		een, en	áámi, ami
3rd person		iiy, i	iir, ir

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Dens

Etymology

Frae Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ir/, [iɐ̯]

Noun

ir c (singular definite irren, not used in plural form)

1. verdigris

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Galician

Etymology

Frae Old Portuguese ir, frae Laitin īre, present active infinitive o eō; the forms beginnin wi V frae correspondin forms o vādō; the forms beginnin wi F frae the corresponding forms o sum.

Verb

ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle ido)

1. tae gae
2. first-person singular personal infinitive of ir
3. third-person singular personal infinitive of ir

Conjugation

    Conjugation o ir (irregular)

infinitive			ir
gerund			indo
past participle				seengular		plural
		masculine		ido		idos
		feminine		ida		idas
person		seengular			plural
		first	seicont	third	first	seicont	third
indicative		eu	ti	el / ela / Vde.	nós	vós	eles / elas / Vdes.
	present	vou	vas	vai	imos	ides	van
	imperfect	ía	ías	ía	iamos	iades	ían
	preterite	fun	fuches	foi	fomos	fostes	foron
	pluperfect	fora	foras	fora	foramos	forades	foran
	future	irei	irás	irá	iremos	iredes	irán
	conditional	iría	irías	iría	iriamos	iriades	irían
subjunctive		eu	ti	el / ela / Vde.	nós	vós	eles / elas / Vdes.
	present	vaia	vaias	vaia	vaiamos	vaiades	vaian
	preterite	fose	foses	fose	fósemos	fósedes	fosen
	futur	for	fores	for	formos	fordes	foren
imperative		—	ti	Vde.	nós	vós	Vdes.
	affirmative	—	vai	vaia	vamos	ide	vaian
	negative	—	vaia	vaia	vamos	vaiades	vaian
personal infinitive		eu	ti	el / ela / Vde.	nós	vós	eles / elas / Vdes.
		ir	ires	ir	irmos	irdes	iren

See also

• saír

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Interlingua

Verb

ir

1. tae gae

Conjugation

• Present: va
• Futur: ira
• Past: iva
• Present pairteeciple: iente (?)
• Past pairteeciple: ite

Antonyms

• venir

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Kaera

Noun

ir

1. watter

References

• Gary Holton and Laura Robinson, The Internal History of the Alor-Pantar language family, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
• Marian Klamer, One item, many faces: ‘come’ in Teiwa (2010, in wing & Klamer) and Kaera (2014, in Schapper)
• Gary Holton, Marian Klamer, František Kratochvíl, Laura C. Robinson, Antoinette Schapper, The Historical Relations of the Papuan Languages of Alor and Panta, Oceanic Linguistics 2012:1

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Latgalian

Etymology

Shortened frae irā, relatit tae Latvian ir an Lithuanian yra (wi the same meanin). In Latgalian, the shortened form ir is maistly used in unstressed poseetions, while irā is maistly common for stressed poseetions in the sentence.

Verb

ir

1. is, are (present simple 3rd-person form, seengular an plural)

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Laitin

Alternative forms

• hir

Etymology

Cognate wi Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).

Noun

1. (rare, anatomy) haund

Declension

Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular.

Case	Seengular
Nominative	ir
Genitive	—
Dative	—
Accusative	ir
Ablative	—
Vocative	—

Synonyms

• (hand): manus

References

• Charlton T. Lewis an Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ir” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)

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Latvie

Etymology 1

Frae Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, airchaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Auld Kirk Slavonic єстъ (jestŭ), Russian есть (jest’), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), ineetially wi basically exeestential (“thare is”) meanin, but later on extendin tae aw copular meanins, thus replacin *esti. In Sudovian, an aa the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The oreegin o Proto-Baltic *irā is, houever, unclear. Various soorces hae been proponed: an aulder interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the pairticle an conjunction ir (“baith... an...”), a noin wi the meanin “exeestence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (mair recently) the Proto-Indo-European seicontar third-person verbal endin *-r wi a later -ā-extension.

Pronunciation

Verb

ir

1. (he, she, it) is; 3rd person seengular present indicative furm o būt
2. (thay) are; 3rd person plural present indicative furm o būt
3. (wi the pairticle lai) let (him, her, it) be; 3rd person seengular imperative furm o būt
4. (wi the pairticle lai) let them be; 3rd person plural imperative furm o būt

Etymology 2

Frae Proto-Baltic *ir, frae the reduced grade *r̥ o Proto-Indo-European *ar (“so, then; question particle”) (whance an aa Latvian ar (“wi”), q.v.). The oreeginal meaning “an” (cf. Lithuanian cognate) is foond in 16t- an 17t-century texts, but frae the 18t century on ir wis na langer uised in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“an aa”), er (“(alang) wi”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “sae, then, tharefore”).

Conjunction

ir

1. additive conjunction uised tae jyn several seemilar sentence elements, indicatin thair seemilar naitur: baith ... an ..., ... an an aa ..., ... as weel as ...

   gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt ― ane wantit baith tae lauch an tae cry

   nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie ― baith the young an the auld came

   tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši ― at that time, baith the faither an the mither haed dee'd

   tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna ― that wis a brave, fun (lit. interestin) an pretty lass, wha knew hou tae be baith cheerfu an serious

   nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī ― the nicht is lik the nicht (= as uisual): the muin shines an an aa in the distance silent fire-flaucht

Synonyms

• kā ... tā ...
• gan ... gan ...

Pairticle

ir

1. uised tae merk connection an emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī

   Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies ― Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart

   Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still hae eneuch time,” an an aa, sae it wis impossible tae convince him aboot the rules for deliveray afore the deidline

2. uised tae merk emphasis, tae reinforce; syn. pat: really, even

   tas viņam ir prātā nenāk ― that disna even come tae his mynd

   krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti ― really sleepin at nicht in the busses, he appeared rarely in the ceety

Synonyms

• arī
• pat

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Lithuanie

Etymology

Frae Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir (“an, an aa”), compare Latvian ir, Old Prussian ir (“an, even”), frae Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus, sae”); compare Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “sae, then, consequently”). If the oreeginal meaning wis "fittinly, accordinly", the ruit mey be identical tae *h₂er- (“fit thegither”), see artì (“near”) for mair.

Proto-Slavic *i (“an, even”) is probably nae relatit.

Conjunction

ir̃

1. (coordinating, cumulative) an, too
2. (coordinating, illative) an, sae

   Bùvo gražùs óras, ir̃ mẽs nùtarėme keliáuti. - the wather wis nice, an (=sae) we decidit tae traivel.

3. (coordinating, correlative) baith … an …

Pairticle

ir̃

1. (emphatic) even, an

   Mán ir̃ tõ nepavỹko padarýt! - I didna even manage that!

2. (emphatic) exactly, juist, precisely

   Jìs ir̃ yrà tàs žmogùs, apiẽ kùrį kal̃bame. - It's him that we're talkin aboot

3. (interrogative) an, sae

   Nà, ir̃ kàs! - Sae whit!

Relatit terms

• ar
• irgi
• ir kas

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Auld Swadish

Alternative forms

• ī

Etymology

Frae Old Norse ír, variant o ér, frae Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant o *jūz.

Pronoun

īr

1. ye (plural)

Declension

Auld Swadish personal pronoons

	first person	seicont person	reflexive	third person
				masculine	feminine	neuter
seengular
nominative	iak, iæk	þū	—	han	hōn	þæt
accusative	mik	þik	sik	han	hana, hōna	þæt
dative	mǣr, mik	þǣr, þik	sǣr, sik	hōnum, hānum	hænni	þȳ, þī
genitive	mīn	þīn	sīn	hans	hænna(r)	þæs
dual
nominative	vit	it	—	—	—	—
accusative	oker	*iker	sik	—	—	—
dative	oker	*iker	sǣr, sik	—	—	—
genitive	okar	*ikar	sīn	—	—	—
plural
nominative	vī(r)	ī(r)	—	þē(r)	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
accusative	os, ōs	iþer	sik	þā	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
dative	os, ōs	iþer	sǣr, sik	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom
genitive	vār	iþar	sīn	þēra	þēra	þēra

Descendants

• Swadish: I, ni

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Portuguese

Alternative forms

• hir (obsolete)
• yr (obsolete)

Etymology

Frae Old Portuguese ir, frae Laitin īre, present active infinitive o eō (frae Proto-Italic *eō, frae Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-); the forms beginnin wi V frae correspondin forms o vādō; the forms beginnin wi F frae the correspondin forms o sum.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈiɾ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈi(ʁ)/
  • Homophone: i (wi -r dropping)

Verb

ir (first-person singular present indicative vou, past participle ido)

2. (intransitive, or transitive with para or a or até) tae gae (tae muive tae a destination)

   Vamos a pé?

   Dae we gae on fit?

   Eles foram ao shopping.

   Thay went tae the maw.

   Queríamos ir para casa.

   We wantit tae gae hame.

4. (auxiliary, wi an infinitive) will; tae be gaein tae; forms the futur tense

   Vou comprar um sapato.

   I will buy a shae.

   Nós não íamos fazer nada.

   We werena gaein tae dae onything.

6. (auxiliary, wi a gerund) tae keep on; tae gae on; ~ on; forms the continuative aspect

   A água vai escorrendo até acabar.

   The watter keeps on leakin till it is aw gane.

8. (takes a reflexive pronoun) tae gae; tae leave; tae depairt

   Os homens já se foram todos.

   Aw the men hae left awready.

10. (intransitive, or transitive with para or em or a) tae attend; tae gae tae (tae be present in an event)

    Sinto muito, não poderei ir à sua festa.

    I’m sairy, I winna be able tae gae tae yer pairty.

12. (transitive with até) tae gae on till; tae last tae

    A batalha foi até as duas da manhã.

    The battle went on till twa AM.

14. (intransitive, or transitive with em) tae dae; tae fare (tae hae a guid or bad result)

    Fui muito mal em quase todas as provas.

    A did verra bad in nearly aw the tests.

16. (intransitive) tae be daein (formula uised in greetings)

    “Como vai?” “Vou bem, obrigado.”

    “Hou are ye daeing?” “I am daein fine, thanks.”

18. (takes a reflexive pronoun) tae be gane (depletit, destroyed; na langer uisable)

    Porcaria! Minha TV se foi.

    Damn it! My TV is gane.

20. (euphemistic, takes a reflexive pronoun) tae leave us; tae depairt (tae dee)

    Uma oração para os que já se foram.

    A prayer for thae wha hae awready left us.

22. (intransitive) tae gae (tae begin an action or process)

    Um, dois, três, vai!

    Ane, twa, three, gae!

    O sinal verde ainda não foi!

    The green licht still didna licht up.

    Vamos!

    Get on wi it!

24. (transitive with com) tae match; tae gae wi (tae form a guid combination wi)

    Este casaco não vai bem com os sapatos.

    This jacket disna gae weel wi the shaes.

26. (transitive with com) to lik or tolerate someone or something

    Parece que ninguém vai comigo.

    It seems naebody liks me.

28. (transitive with por) tae follae (tae tak intae accoont when makkin chyces)

    Vai pela razão, não pelos sentimentos.

    Follae raison, nae feelins.

    Se a luz não acender, pode encontrar o livro indo pelo tato.

    If the licht disna turn on, ye can find the beuk bi follaein yer sense o titch.

30. (poker, intransitive) tae cry (tae match the amoont o chips in the pot)
    • 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “Os pêssegos”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Editora Objetiva, ISBN 9788539004133, page 29:

      Não se ouvia mais nada, além dos ruídos naturais do pôquer. O clicar das fichas. Frases curtas: "Dou cartas." "Vou." "Não vou." "Pago pra ver." "Não é possível!"

Quotations

For uissage exemples o this term, see Citations:ir.

Conjugation

  Conjugation of the Portuguese -ir verb ir

Notes:[edit] This is an irregular verb of the -ir group. Verbs with this conjugation include: ir.
	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ir
Personal	ir	ires	ir	irmos	irdes	irem
Gerund
	indo
Past participle
Masculine	ido			idos
Feminine	ida			idas
Indicative
Present	vou	vais	vai	vamos imos	ides	vão
Imperfect	ia	ias	ia	íamos	íeis	iam
Preterite	fui	foste	foi	fomos	fostes	foram
Pluperfect	fora	foras	fora	fôramos	fôreis	foram
Future	irei	irás	irá	iremos	ireis	irão
Conditional
	iria	irias	iria	iríamos	iríeis	iriam
Subjunctive
Present	vá	vás	vá	vamos	vades	vão
Imperfect	fosse	fosses	fosse	fôssemos	fôsseis	fossem
Future	for	fores	for	formos	fordes	forem
Imperative
Affirmative	-	vai	vá	vamos	ide	vão
Negative (não)	-	vás	vá	vamos	vades	vão

Synonyms

• (gae): andar
• (leave): partir

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Surmiran) eir

Etymology

Frae Laitin eō, īre, frae Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. The forms beginnin wi V derive frae correspondin forms o Laitin vādō.

Verb

ir

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) to go

Conjugation

Muid	Tense	1st s.	2nt s.	3rd s.	1st pl.	2nt pl.	3rd pl.
Indicative	Present	jau vom	ti vas	el/ella/ins va	nus giain	vus giais	els/ellas van
Indicative	Imperfect	jau gieva	ti gievas	el/ella/ins gieva	nus gievan	vus gievas	els/ellas gievan
Indicative	Perfect	jau sun ì/ida	ti es ì/ida	el/ella/ins è ì/ida	nus essan ids/idas	vus essan ids/idas	els/ellas èn ids/idas
Indicative	Futur	jau vegn a ir	ti vegns a ir	el/ellas/ins vegn a ir	nus vignin a ir	vus vegnis a ir	els/ellas vegnan a ir
Indicative	Condeetional	jau giess	ti giessas	el/ella giess	nus giessan	vus giessas	els/ellas giessan

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Spaingie

Etymology

The infinitive an forms beginnin wi i or y are frae Laitin īre, present active infinitive o eō (frae Proto-Italic *eō, frae Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-); the forms beginnin wi v frae correspondin forms o vādō; the forms beginnin wi f probably frae forms o sum or fugio.

Verb

ir (first-person singular present Wt/sco/voy, first-person singular preterite Wt/sco/fui, past participle Wt/sco/ido)

1. tae gae
2. (reflexive) tae gae awey, tae leave (see irse)
3. (wi a follaed bi the infinitive), tae be gaein tae (near futur)

   Hoy vamos a ver una película.

   Theday we are gaein tae see a movie.

Uisage notes

• The basic meanin "gae" applees tae ony kynd o animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, flee, etc.

• The voseo imperative o ir is teepically replaced bi the imperative o andar, which haes the form andá.

See an aa

• andar
• caminar
• ser (common preterite verb forms)
• marchar

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːr/

Adjective

ir (feminine seengular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)

1. Wt/sco/raw, unprocessed
2. Wt/sco/fresh, succulent

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	saft	nasal	aspirate
Wt/sco/ir	unchynged	unchynged	Hwt/sco/ir
Note: Some o thir forms mey be hypothetical. Nae ivery possible mutatit form o ivery wird actually occurs.

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Yapese

Pronoun

ir

1. Third-person singular pronoun; he, she, it