Wt/aeb/Help:IPA l- it-Tūnsī

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Bēc tiktib il-kod mtēģ in-nuţq mtēģ it-tūnsī, Tnijjim teģref il-qwēģid mtēģ IPA. Emē mūc lēzimik teģrefhum.

Il-Qwēģid[edit | edit source]

Il-Qwēģid tnijjim tilqēhum f- il-ktēb mtēģ il-kyēs mtēģ it-Tunsī[1] w illē fi- il-Wīkīpēdya b- il-inglīz[2].


Hēđē hūwe il-kod IPA mrittib ḩasb it-tertīb mtēģ il-ḩrūf il-Lateñ[3].


   Simbol     Miŧēl Tewḑīḩ
A
[ a ]
[ ɑ ] Finnish Linna, Dutch bad
[ ɑː ] RP father, French pâte [ɑ] Ţwīle.
[ ɑ̃ ] French Caen, sans, temps Nasalized [ɑ].
[ ɒ ] RP cot Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
[ ʌ ] American English cut Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When Template:Angle bracket is used for English, it may really be Template:IPA or IPA|[ɜ].)
Template:Audio-pipe RP cat
B
Template:Audio-pipe English babble
Template:Audio-pipe Swahili bwana Like a Template:IPA said with a gulp. See implosive consonants.
Template:Audio-pipe Like the brrr sound made when cold.
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children" Like Template:IPA, but with the lips not quite touching.
C
Template:Audio-pipe Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and" Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
Template:Audio-pipe German Ich More of a y-coloration (more palatal) than Template:IPA. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
Template:Audio-pipe Mandarin Xi'an, Polish ściana More y-like than Template:IPA; something like English she.
Template:Audio-pipe see under O
D
Template:Audio-pipe English dad
Template:Audio-pipe Swahili Dodoma Like Template:IPA said with a gulp.
Template:Audio-pipe American English harder Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:Audio-pipe English the, bathe
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref English adds, Italian zero
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref English judge
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref Polish niewiedź "bear" Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref Polish em "jam" Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
E
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish fe; French clé
Template:Audio-pipe German Klee Long Template:IPA. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
Template:Audio-pipe English above, Hindi ठग Template:IPA (thug) "thief" (Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
Template:Audio-pipe American English runner
Template:Audio-pipe English bet
[ ɛ̃ ] French Agen, vin, main; Polish mięso Nasalized Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe RP bird (long)
[ ɝ ] American English bird
F
Template:Audio-pipe English fun
Template:Audio-pipe see under J
Template:Audio-pipe see under J
G
Template:Audio-pipe English gag (Should look like . No different from a Latin "g")
Template:Audio-pipe Swahili Uganda Like Template:IPA said with a gulp.
Template:Audio-pipe Like Template:IPA, but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some Arabic dialects for Template:IPA, as in Gaddafi.
Template:Audio-pipe see under Z English beige.
H
Template:Audio-pipe American English house
Template:Audio-pipe English ahead, when said quickly.
[ ʰ ] The extra puff of air in English top Template:IPA compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe Arabic محمد Muhammad Far down in the throat, like Template:IPA, but stronger.
Template:Audio-pipe see under U
[ ɮ ] see under L
I
Template:Audio-pipe French ville, Spanish Valladolid
Template:Audio-pipe English sea Long Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe English sit
Template:Audio-pipe Russian ты "you" Often used for unstressed English roses.
J
Template:Audio-pipe English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
[ ʲ ] Russian Ленин Template:IPA Indicates a sound is more y-like.
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish cayo (some dialects) Like Template:IPA, but stronger.
Template:Audio-pipe Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
Template:Audio-pipe Swahili jambo Like Template:IPA said with a gulp.
K
Template:Audio-pipe English kick, skip
L
Template:Audio-pipe English leaf
Template:Audio-pipe English wool
Russian малый Template:IPA "small"
"Dark" el.
Template:Audio-pipe Welsh llwyd Template:IPA "grey"
Zulu hlala Template:IPA "sit"
By touching roof of mouth with tongue and giving a giving a quick breath out. Found in Welsh placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
Template:Audio-pipe Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:Audio-pipe A flapped Template:IPA, like Template:IPA and Template:IPA said together.
Template:Audio-pipe Zulu dla "eat" Rather like Template:IPA and Template:IPA, or Template:IPA and Template:IPA, said together.
M
Template:Audio-pipe English mime
Template:Audio-pipe English symphony Like Template:IPA, but lips touch teeth as they do in Template:IPA.
[ ɯ ] see under W
Template:Audio-pipe see under W
N
Template:Audio-pipe English nun
Template:Audio-pipe English sing
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish Peña, French champagne Rather like English canyon.
Template:Audio-pipe Hindi वरुण Template:IPA Varuna Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:Audio-pipe Castilian Spanish Don Juan Template:IPA Like Template:IPA, but further back, in the throat.
O
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish no, French eau
Template:Audio-pipe German Boden, French Vosges Long Template:IPA. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
Template:Audio-pipe German Oldenburg, French Garonne
Template:Audio-pipe RP law, French Limoges Long Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe French Lyon, son; Polish wąż Nasalized Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe French feu, bœufs Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded like Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe German Goethe, French Dle, neutre Long Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe Swedish dum Halfway between Template:IPA and Template:IPA. Similar to Template:IPA but with the tongue slightly more down and front.
Template:Audio-pipe French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded like Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe French œuvre, heure Long Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe French brun, parfum Nasalized Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe see under other
Template:Audio-pipe see under other
P
Template:Audio-pipe English pip
Q
Template:Audio-pipe Arabic Qur’ān Like Template:IPA, but further back, in the throat.
R
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish perro, Scots borrow "Rolled R". (Generally used for English Template:IPA when there's no need to be precise.)
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie "Flapped R".
Template:Audio-pipe Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
Template:Audio-pipe Hindi साड़ी Template:IPA "sari" Like flapped Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled back.
Template:Audio-pipe RP borrow
Template:Audio-pipe American English borrow, butter Like Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
Template:Audio-pipe French Paris, German Riemann Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
S
Template:Audio-pipe English sass
Template:Audio-pipe English shoe
Template:Audio-pipe Swedish sju
Template:Audio-pipe Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) Acoustically similar to Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
T
Template:Audio-pipe English tot, stop
Template:Audio-pipe Hindi ठग Template:IPA (thug) "thief" Like Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref English cats, Russian царь tsar
Template:Audio-pipe Template:Ref English church
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref Mandarin 北京 Template:Audio-pipe, Polish ciebie "you" Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref Mandarin zh, Polish czas Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
U
Template:Audio-pipe French vous "you"
Template:Audio-pipe French Rocquencourt, German Schumacher, close to RP food Long Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe English foot, German Bundesrepublik
Template:Audio-pipe Australian English food (long) Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded as for Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe French lui Like Template:IPA and Template:IPA said together.
Template:Audio-pipe see under W
V
Template:Audio-pipe English verve
Template:Audio-pipe Hindi वरुण Template:IPA "Varuna" Between Template:IPA and Template:IPA. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
Template:Audio-pipe Arabic / Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro Sounds rather like French Template:IPA or between Template:IPA and Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe Mandarin Hénán Like Template:IPA but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of Template:IPA and Template:IPA.
[ ʌ ] see under A
W
Template:Audio-pipe English wow
[ ʷ ] English rain Template:IPA Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick.
Template:Audio-pipe what (some dialects) like Template:IPA and Template:IPA said together
Template:Audio-pipe Turkish kayık "caïque" Like Template:IPA, but with the lips flat; something like Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe Spanish agua
X
Template:Audio-pipe Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший Template:IPA "good", Spanish joven between Template:IPA and Template:IPA
Template:Audio-pipe northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan Template:IPA Like Template:IPA, but further back , in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have Template:IPA for Template:IPA.
Y
Template:Audio-pipe French rue Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded as for Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe German Bülow, French sûr Long Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe German Eisenhüttenstadt Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded as for Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe Italian tagliatelle Like Template:IPA, but more y-like. Rather like English volume.
Template:Audio-pipe see under U
Template:Audio-pipe see under V
[ ɣ ] see under V
Z
Template:Audio-pipe English zoos
Template:Audio-pipe English vision, French journal
Template:Audio-pipe formal Russian жжёшь Template:IPA "you burn", Polish źle More y-like than Template:IPA, something like beigey.
Template:Audio-pipe Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", Russian жир "fat" Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ ɮ ] see under L
Other
Template:Audio-pipe English thigh, bath
Template:Audio-pipe Japanese 富士 Template:IPA Fuji, Māori Template:IPA wharenui Like Template:IPA, but with the lips not quite touching
Template:Audio-pipe English uh-oh, Hawaii, German die Angst The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button Template:IPA, or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina Template:IPA; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple Template:IPA.
Template:Audio-pipe Arabic عربي carabī "Arabic" A light sound deep in the throat.
Template:Audio-pipe English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" (The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including Template:IPA. The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.
Template:Audio-pipe English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" (The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including Template:IPA. Found in the name of the Xhosa.
Template:Audio-pipe Zulu iqaqa "polecat" (The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including Template:IPA.
  • Template:NoteTemplate:Note These symbols are officially written with a tie linking them (e.g. Template:IPA), and are also sometimes written as single characters (e.g. Template:IPA) though the latter convention is no longer official. They are written without ligatures here to ensure correct display in all browsers.

Il-Blāqe[edit | edit source]

Ki- tisteģmil il-Blāqe IPA-aeb, tnijjim tiktib kul ḩarf min kilmtik wḩedhē w min bīnēthum bār w min beģd twellī titiktib wḩedhē bil IPA. Iđē ģendik ḩarf ñ, lēzimik tiktbu mģē il-ḩarf illī qablu bēc tjī il-ktībe şḩīha.

Mnīn jibnē hēđē il-klēm[edit | edit source]

  1. (بـالـإنجليز) Turki, H., Adel, E., & Saoudi, A. (2015). Tunisian: Linguistic Standardization Booklet
  2. (بـالـإنجليز) Wikimedia Foundation (2015). Help:IPA in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
  3. (بـالـإنجليز) IPA, 1995