Wt/aeb/Help:IPA l- it-Tūnsī
Bēc tiktib il-kod mtēģ in-nuţq mtēģ it-tūnsī, Tnijjim teģref il-qwēģid mtēģ IPA. Emē mūc lēzimik teģrefhum.
Il-Qwēģid[edit | edit source]
Il-Qwēģid tnijjim tilqēhum f- il-ktēb mtēģ il-kyēs mtēģ it-Tunsī[1] w illē fi- il-Wīkīpēdya b- il-inglīz[2].
Hēđē hūwe il-kod IPA mrittib ḩasb it-tertīb mtēģ il-ḩrūf il-Lateñ[3].
Simbol | Miŧēl | Tewḑīḩ |
---|---|---|
A | ||
[ a ] | ||
[ ɑ ] | Finnish Linna, Dutch bad | |
[ ɑː ] | RP father, French pâte | [ɑ] Ţwīle. |
[ ɑ̃ ] | French Caen, sans, temps | Nasalized [ɑ]. |
[ ɒ ] | RP cot | Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded. |
[ ʌ ] | American English cut | Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When Template:Angle bracket is used for English, it may really be Template:IPA or IPA|[ɜ].) |
Template:Audio-pipe | RP cat | |
B | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English babble | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Swahili bwana | Like a Template:IPA said with a gulp. See implosive consonants. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Like the brrr sound made when cold. | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children" | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips not quite touching. |
C | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Greek και "and" | Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi. |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Ich | More of a y-coloration (more palatal) than Template:IPA. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!". |
Template:Audio-pipe | Mandarin Xi'an, Polish ściana | More y-like than Template:IPA; something like English she. |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under O | |
D | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English dad | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Swahili Dodoma | Like Template:IPA said with a gulp. |
Template:Audio-pipe | American English harder | Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
Template:Audio-pipe | English the, bathe | |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | English adds, Italian zero | |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | English judge | |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | Polish niedźwiedź "bear" | Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound. |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | Polish dżem "jam" | Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
E | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish fe; French clé | |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Klee | Long Template:IPA. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in. |
Template:Audio-pipe | English above, Hindi ठग Template:IPA (thug) "thief" | (Only occurs in English when not stressed.) |
Template:Audio-pipe | American English runner | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English bet | |
[ ɛ̃ ] | French Agen, vin, main; Polish mięso | Nasalized Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | RP bird (long) | |
[ ɝ ] | American English bird | |
F | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English fun | |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under J | |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under J | |
G | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English gag | (Should look like . No different from a Latin "g") |
Template:Audio-pipe | Swahili Uganda | Like Template:IPA said with a gulp. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Like Template:IPA, but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some Arabic dialects for Template:IPA, as in Gaddafi. | |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under Z | English beige. |
H | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | American English house | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English ahead, when said quickly. | |
[ ʰ ] | The extra puff of air in English top Template:IPA compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish Template:IPA. | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Arabic محمد Muhammad | Far down in the throat, like Template:IPA, but stronger. |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under U | |
[ ɮ ] | see under L | |
I | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | French ville, Spanish Valladolid | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English sea | Long Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | English sit | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Russian ты "you" | Often used for unstressed English roses. |
J | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English yes, hallelujah, German Junge | |
[ ʲ ] | Russian Ленин Template:IPA | Indicates a sound is more y-like. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish cayo (some dialects) | Like Template:IPA, but stronger. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole" | Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Swahili jambo | Like Template:IPA said with a gulp. |
K | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English kick, skip | |
L | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English leaf | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English wool Russian малый Template:IPA "small" |
"Dark" el. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Welsh llwyd Template:IPA "grey" Zulu hlala Template:IPA "sit" |
By touching roof of mouth with tongue and giving a giving a quick breath out. Found in Welsh placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back. | |
Template:Audio-pipe | A flapped Template:IPA, like Template:IPA and Template:IPA said together. | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Zulu dla "eat" | Rather like Template:IPA and Template:IPA, or Template:IPA and Template:IPA, said together. |
M | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English mime | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English symphony | Like Template:IPA, but lips touch teeth as they do in Template:IPA. |
[ ɯ ] | see under W | |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under W | |
N | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English nun | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English sing | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish Peña, French champagne | Rather like English canyon. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Hindi वरुण Template:IPA Varuna | Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Castilian Spanish Don Juan Template:IPA | Like Template:IPA, but further back, in the throat. |
O | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish no, French eau | |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Boden, French Vosges | Long Template:IPA. Somewhat reminiscent of English no. |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Oldenburg, French Garonne | |
Template:Audio-pipe | RP law, French Limoges | Long Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French Lyon, son; Polish wąż | Nasalized Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French feu, bœufs | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded like Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Goethe, French Deûle, neutre | Long Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Swedish dum | Halfway between Template:IPA and Template:IPA. Similar to Template:IPA but with the tongue slightly more down and front. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded like Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French œuvre, heure | Long Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French brun, parfum | Nasalized Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under other | |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under other | |
P | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English pip | |
Q | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | Arabic Qur’ān | Like Template:IPA, but further back, in the throat. |
R | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish perro, Scots borrow | "Rolled R". (Generally used for English Template:IPA when there's no need to be precise.) |
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie | "Flapped R". |
Template:Audio-pipe | Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers) | A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Hindi साड़ी Template:IPA "sari" | Like flapped Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled back. |
Template:Audio-pipe | RP borrow | |
Template:Audio-pipe | American English borrow, butter | Like Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French Paris, German Riemann | Said back in the throat, but not trilled. |
S | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English sass | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English shoe | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Swedish sju | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin) | Acoustically similar to Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
T | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English tot, stop | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Hindi ठग Template:IPA (thug) "thief" | Like Template:IPA, but with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | English cats, Russian царь tsar | |
Template:Audio-pipe Template:Ref | English church | |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | Mandarin 北京 Template:Audio-pipe, Polish ciebie "you" | Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound. |
Template:Audio-pipeTemplate:Ref | Mandarin zh, Polish czas | Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
U | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | French vous "you" | |
Template:Audio-pipe | French Rocquencourt, German Schumacher, close to RP food | Long Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | English foot, German Bundesrepublik | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Australian English food (long) | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded as for Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | French lui | Like Template:IPA and Template:IPA said together. |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under W | |
V | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English verve | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Hindi वरुण Template:IPA "Varuna" | Between Template:IPA and Template:IPA. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Arabic / Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro | Sounds rather like French Template:IPA or between Template:IPA and Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Mandarin Hénán | Like Template:IPA but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of Template:IPA and Template:IPA. |
[ ʌ ] | see under A | |
W | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English wow | |
[ ʷ ] | English rain Template:IPA | Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick. |
Template:Audio-pipe | what (some dialects) | like Template:IPA and Template:IPA said together |
Template:Audio-pipe | Turkish kayık "caïque" | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips flat; something like Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Spanish agua | |
X | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший Template:IPA "good", Spanish joven | between Template:IPA and Template:IPA |
Template:Audio-pipe | northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan Template:IPA | Like Template:IPA, but further back , in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have Template:IPA for Template:IPA. |
Y | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | French rue | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded as for Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Bülow, French sûr | Long Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | German Eisenhüttenstadt | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips rounded as for Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Italian tagliatelle | Like Template:IPA, but more y-like. Rather like English volume. |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under U | |
Template:Audio-pipe | see under V | |
[ ɣ ] | see under V | |
Z | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English zoos | |
Template:Audio-pipe | English vision, French journal | |
Template:Audio-pipe | formal Russian жжёшь Template:IPA "you burn", Polish źle | More y-like than Template:IPA, something like beigey. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", Russian жир "fat" | Like Template:IPA with the tongue curled or pulled back. |
[ ɮ ] | see under L | |
Other | ||
Template:Audio-pipe | English thigh, bath | |
Template:Audio-pipe | Japanese 富士 Template:IPA Fuji, Māori Template:IPA wharenui | Like Template:IPA, but with the lips not quite touching |
Template:Audio-pipe | English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst | The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button Template:IPA, or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina Template:IPA; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple Template:IPA. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Arabic عربي carabī "Arabic" | A light sound deep in the throat. |
Template:Audio-pipe | English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" | (The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including Template:IPA. The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo. |
Template:Audio-pipe | English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" | (The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including Template:IPA. Found in the name of the Xhosa. |
Template:Audio-pipe | Zulu iqaqa "polecat" | (The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including Template:IPA. |
- Template:NoteTemplate:Note These symbols are officially written with a tie linking them (e.g. Template:IPA), and are also sometimes written as single characters (e.g. Template:IPA) though the latter convention is no longer official. They are written without ligatures here to ensure correct display in all browsers.
Il-Blāqe[edit | edit source]
Ki- tisteģmil il-Blāqe IPA-aeb, tnijjim tiktib kul ḩarf min kilmtik wḩedhē w min bīnēthum bār w min beģd twellī titiktib wḩedhē bil IPA. Iđē ģendik ḩarf ñ, lēzimik tiktbu mģē il-ḩarf illī qablu bēc tjī il-ktībe şḩīha.
Mnīn jibnē hēđē il-klēm[edit | edit source]
- ↑ (بـالـإنجليز) Turki, H., Adel, E., & Saoudi, A. (2015). Tunisian: Linguistic Standardization Booklet
- ↑ (بـالـإنجليز) Wikimedia Foundation (2015). Help:IPA in Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
- ↑ (بـالـإنجليز) IPA, 1995