Wp/zgh/ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ
ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ | ||||
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ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ (ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⵚⵚⵓⵔⵜ, ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ الصويرة, ⵙ ⵜⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ Essaouira) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ, ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ. ⴷⵖⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ "ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ".
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ “ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⴽⵏ” ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵏ ⴳ [[|Wp/zgh/ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ|ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ]] ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ. ⴷ'ⵓⴳⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵊⵉⵙ ⵢⵓⴱⴰ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵙⴰⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵍⵢⴰⵏ ⵣ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵊⵓⵏ, ⵉⴽⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵜⵓⵏⵣⴰ ⵉ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ . ⵀⵍⵍⵉ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⴱⵔⵜⵇⵉⵣⵏ ⴹⴼⵓⵔⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ .ⵎⴰⵛ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵔⴰⴹ ⴰⵄⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉ ⵏⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴽⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵚⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴷⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⴷⴰⴳ ⵜⵢⵓⴷⵓⵔ ⴽⵓⵎⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1760.
ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ
ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵜ
ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⴰⵛⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵣ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ⵏⵉⵖ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵥⵕⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵎ ⵙⵇⴰⵍⴰ,ⵍⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴷⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ..., ⴷ ⵟⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⴼⵊⵉⵊⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴼⵍⵓ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ . ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ , ⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓ [1] .
ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵍⵎⵔⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵣ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ , ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵍⵓⴽⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⴰⵅⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 1000 ⵏ ⵓⴳⴼⴰⵏ , ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⴳⴷⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ ⵍⵉ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⵏ [2]
ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ
ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ
ⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ , ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ : ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵏⴰⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ [3] ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙⵉ, ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⴳⵏⴰⵡⴰ. ⵖⴰⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴳⵏⴰⵡⴰ, ⵜⵉⵔⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵛⴰⵄⴱⵉ. ⵣ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⴱⵓⵔⵣⵏ ⵎⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⵎ: ⵎⴰⵃⵎⵓⴷ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ,ⴰⴱⴷⵔⴰⵃⵉⵎ ⵙⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵚⴰⵍⵃ ⵍⴱⴰⵛⴰ.
ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ
ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⵟⴰⴼ ⵉⵏⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵛⵖⴰⵢⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⵟⴰⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳⵉⵢⴰ, ⵉⵖ ⵏⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⵓⴳⴰⴷⵓⵔ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵏⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵙⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵉⵍⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵓⵟⵉⵍⵓ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵉⵔⵉ .
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ