Wp/wlx/Hausa language

natural language, modern language
Subclass of	Hausa–Gwandara
Native label	Hausa, هَوْسَ
Indigenous to	Niger, Nigeria, West Africa
Member of	Afroasiatic
Linguistic typology	subject–verb–object
Has grammatical gender	masculine, feminine, common of two genders
Writing system	Latin script, Arabic alphabet, Hausa Braille
UNESCO language status	1 safe
Ethnologue language status	2 Provincial
Wikimedia language code	ha
Category for music in this language	Category:Hausa-language music

Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə^[1]/; Harshen/Halshen Hausa listen^ⓘ; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) iye Chadic kokori ka Hausa nuba yela a northern lombori a yi Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin ane Togo, ane a southern chelee ku Niger, ane Chad, ning yelitiinhuu ningfiing a Ivory Coast. A nuba biala ming yelaa a Sudan^[2]^[3]^[4] puo.

Hausa iye nie ku a Afroasiatic kokori ^[5]yideme ane o la iye kokoro ne nuba yaga ang yela ning a Chadic lombori ku a yideme. Ung yi jie minga a ba i-kokori kanga yideme, Hausa di tung ning tuma weilihibu ‘kootaali. ku welihibu yeli bie ane grammar. Ethnologue o da iye kokoe fora nuba ang yela a yi nuba 54 million ane a sing kokoe yiilung a yi ning jaani 34 million, a nuba ne jaa ang yela Hausa kokori na bang taya nuba 88 million^[6].

Nigeria puo, a Hausa sini yelitarihi ming iye Kannywood^[7].

Buunhu di langbu.

Main article: Afroasiatic languages

Hausa iye a West Chadic deme kokori langtaahi mine ku Chadic kokori langtaa, ang leu Afroasiatic kokori chelee yideme ^[8].

Teng-gbangu ‘berihung bangbu Toribu

Tengbie yeliba ku Hausa, A Hausa nuba, jamaa bia a southern Niger ane northern Nigeria. A kokori ba di o i lingua franca a yi nuba ang ba yeluu a northern Nigeria^[9], southern Niger, northern Cameroon, northern Ghana, northern Benin, northern Togo, southern Chad and parts of Sudan.

A yi a paaluu

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Nigeria

Nigeria puo, Hausa iye di ju a north, kye ba di ju a states of Kwara, Kogi ane Benue. States (or cities) jie ga bang yela hausa paahee Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Lafia, Nasarawa, Minna, Kontagora, Keffi and Abuja^[10].

Niger

Niger puong, Hausa iye kokori nuba 53% ku a paaluu niba^[11]. o puriye a yi jemaa inga ku Maradi, Diffa, Tahoua, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, ane Agadez.

Cameroon

Cameroon puo, Hausa ba yeluu a north, a paahe a yie Ngaoundere, Garoua, and Maroua^[12].

Ghana

Ghana puo, Hausa iye a lingua franca ku a Zongo yideme a paaluu puong^[13].

Benin

Benin puo, Hausa mang yelee a north. jiehi ne ba mang yela iye Parakou, Kandi, Natitingou, ane Djougou^[14].

Togo

Togo puo, Hausa bang yela a north. jiehi ne ba mang yela iye Sokode, Kara, ane Dapaong^[15].

Chad

In Chad, Hausa is spoken in the south.jiehi ne ba mang yela iye N'Djamena.^{[citation needed]}

Sudan

Sudan puo, Hausa ba yela a kuri hi ga jaa Jazirah, Blue Nile, and Kordofan, Darfur States, Gadaref State, Red Sea State, White Nile State, River Nile^{[citation needed]}

Yeliba a yi a paaluu

Hausa speakers, *Ethnologue* (2025)
Country	Hausa speakers (L1+L2)
Nigeria	67 million
Niger	22 million
Ivory Coast	1.6 million
Benin	1.2 million
Sudan	900,000
Ghana	600,000
Cameroon	400,000
Chad	300,000

Lasiri kokobuura

Eastern Hausa kokobuura paahee Dauranci in Daura, Kananci in Kano, Bausanci in Bauchi, Gudduranci in Katagum Misau and part of Borno, ane Hadejanci in Hadejiya.

Yeli bie pennaa

A Hausa language taree yeli kori jogiri yeli bie bang peng ayi kokoe jaani iga a yi a kokoe ne ang piele a Hausaland.


Word	Language
akwati - 'box', agogo - 'clock', ashana - 'matches'	Yoruba
dattijo - 'old man', inna - 'mother', kawu – 'uncle'	Fulani
karatu – 'reading', rubutu – 'writing', birni – 'city'	Kanuri

Kokori yeli‘bie yela bambu

seu bie

Hausa taree a yi 23 ane 25 seu bie kokori yeli‘bibile a yi a yeliba inga.

Consonant phonemes
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Dorsal			Glottal
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	front	plain	round	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Plosive/ Affricate	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
	voiced	b	d	(d)ʒ	ɟ	ɡ	ɡʷ
	tenuis		t	tʃ	c	k	kʷ	ʔ
	ejective		(t)sʼ	(tʃʼ)	cʼ	kʼ	kʷʼ
Fricative	voiced		z
Fricative	tenuis	ɸ	s	ʃ				h
Approximant			l		j j̰		w
Rhotic			r	ɽ

Glottalic consonants

Hausa taree glottalic consonants (implosives ane ejectives) a bia jiehi four bii five ku of articulation (depending on the dialect). A buora kyeni ku a glottis a buonbu wagri ane a taree a staccato sound.

Ba mang sebaa ning a Latin seu bie. A mang la bia maahi ning a apostrophe,seni bii puoring a yi a seu bie ga inga :

ɓ / b', an implosive consonant, [ɓ], sometimes [ʔb];
ɗ / d', an implosive [ɗ], sometimes [dʔ];
ts', an ejective consonant, [tsʼ] or [sʼ], according to the dialect;
ch', an ejective [tʃʼ] (does not occur in Kano dialect)
ƙ / k', an ejective [kʼ]; [kʲʼ] and [kʷʼ] are separate consonants;
ƴ / 'y is a palatal approximant with creaky voice, [j̰], found in only a small number of high-frequency words (e.g. /j̰áːj̰áː/ "children", /j̰áː/ "daughter"). Historically it developed from palatalized [ɗ].

Vowels

Hausa vowels bia welihibu anuu 5 vowel tiinhuu,a jaa na bang iye jogiri bii giraa, a langbu 10 monophthongs. A paahin, diphthongs anaahi 4,a jaa langta i 14 kokori yeli bang.


	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

Kokori Mine

Hausa iye kokori kanga. ka o five vowels man tari muni kokori kanga, saa ju kokori kanga bii tenge kokoriHausa seuri minga puo, kokori kanga ba mang wuli. pampana kokoe bangbu yela ane pedagogical bunhuu, kokori kanga mang wulee a yi diacritics.

à è ì ò ù – low tone: grave accent (`)

â ê î ô û – falling tone: circumflex (ˆ)

An acute accent (´) may be used for high tone, but the usual practice is to leave high tone unmarked.

Morphology

Class	Affix	Singular (ex.)	Plural (ex.)	Gloss (ex.)
1	a-a	sirdì	siràda	'saddle'
2	a-e	gulbi	gulàbe	'stream'
3	a-u	kurmì	kuràmu	'grove'
4	-aCe	wuri	wuràre	'place'
5	-ai	malàm	malàmai	'teacher'
6	-anni	watà	wàtànni	'moon'
7	-awa	talàkà	talakawa	'commoner'
8	-aye	zomo	zomàye	'hare'
9	-Ca	tabò	tabba	'scar'
10	-Cai	tudù	tùddai	'high ground'
11	-ce2	ciwò	cìwàce-cìwàce	'illness'
12	-Cuna	cikì	cikkunà	'belly'
13	-e2	camfì	càmfe-càmfe	'superstition'
14	-i	tàurarò	tàuràri	'star'
15	-oCi	tagà	tagogi	'window'
16	-u	kujèra	kùjèru	'chair'
17	u-a	cokàli	cokulà	'spoon'
18	-uka	layi	layukà	'lane'
19	-una	rìga	rigunà	'gown'
20	X2	àkàwu	àkàwu-àkàwu	'clerk'

Yuori gbebogi-aha

Hausa wule wagri welihi a yi welihi tegi wulibu ku paali ba’so-n-minga daana ‘yuori gbebogi-aha, wagri kanga ning a yuori gbebogi-aha langbu ning particle mine. a bila jung, a sigihi yuori gbebogi-aha na mang tuye iibu yeli’biri a Hausa puong, ka bii a yeli a yi puori nonyina bii a wuno a yi yoe yeli

Time, aspect, and mood
		1st person		2nd person			3rd person			indef
		singular	plural	singular		plural	singular		plural
		singular	plural	m	f	plural	m	f	plural
perfect		naː	mun	kaː	kin	kun	jaː	taː	sun	an
	relative	na	mukà	ka	kikà	kukà	ja	ta	sukà	akà
	negative	bàn ... ba	bàmù ... ba	bàkà ... ba	bàkì ... ba	bàkù ... ba	bài ... ba	bàtà ... ba	bàsù ... ba	bà’à ... ba
continuous		inàː	munàː	kanàː	kinàː	kunàː	janàː / ʃinàː	tanàː	sunàː	anàː
	relative	nakèː / nikèː	mukèː	kakèː	kikèː	kukèː	jakèː / ʃikèː	takèː	sukèː	akèː
	negative	baː nàː	baː màː	baː kàː	baː kjàː	baː kwàː	baː jàː	baː tàː	baː sàː	baː àː
	negative (possessives)	bâː ni	bâː mu	bâː ka	bâː ki	bâː ku	bâː ʃi	bâː ta	bâː su	bâː a
subjunctive		ìn	mù	kà	kì	kù	jà	tà	sù	à
subjunctive	negative	kadà/kâr ìn	kadà/kâr mù	kadà/kâr kà	kadà/kâr kì	kadà/kâr kù	kadà/kâr jà	kadà/kâr tà	kadà/kâr sù	kadà/kâr à
future		zân / zaː nì	zaː mù	zaː kà	zaː kì	zaː kù	zâi / zaː jà	zaː tà	zaː sù	zaː à
future	negative	bà/bàː zân ... ba / bà/bàː zaː nì ... ba	bà/bàː zaː mù ... ba	bà/bàː zaː kà ... ba	bà/bàː zaː kì ... ba	bà/bàː zaː kù ... ba	bà/bàː zâi ...ba / bà/bàː zaː jà ... ba	bà/bàː zaː tà ... ba	bà/bàː zaː sù ... ba	bà/bàː zaː à ... ba
indefinite future		nâː	mâː/mwâː	kâː	kjâː	kwâː	jâː	tâː	sâː/swâː	âː
indefinite future	negative	bà nâː... ba	bà mâː/mwâː ... ba	bà kâː ... ba	bà kjâː ... ba	bà kwâː ... ba	bà jâː ... ba	bà tâː ... ba	bà sâː/swâː ... ba	bà âː ... ba
habitual		nakàn	mukàn	kakàn	kikàn	kukàn	jakàn	takàn	sukàn	akàn
habitual	negative	bà nakàn ... ba	bà mukàn ... ba	bà kakàn ... ba	bà kikàn ... ba	bà kukàn ... ba	bà jakàn ... ba	bà takàn ... ba	bà sukàn ... ba	bà akàn ... ba

Iibu yeli’biri

Hausa verbs are classified into 7 grades and are inflected based on whether they are followed by an object.

Grade 1: Example: kāmā̀ (to take).

Grade 2: transitive verbs that end in ā. Example: sàyā (to buy).

Grade 3: intransitive verbs that end in a. Example: shìga (to enter).

Grade 4: Example: riƙḕ (to hold).

Grade 5: Example: mayar̃ (to put back).

Grade 6: verbs that end in o. Example: kāwō (to bring).

Grade 7: verbs that end in u. Example: kā̀mu (to get captured).

Seuri Tumbu

Boko (Latin)

Main article: Boko alphabet

Hausa's modern official orthography is a Latin-based alphabet called boko, which was introduced in the 1930s by the British colonial administration.

A a	B b	Ɓ ɓ	C c	D d	Ɗ ɗ	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i	J j	K k	Ƙ ƙ	L l
/a/	/b/	/ɓ/	/tʃ/	/d/	/ɗ/	/e/	/ɸ/	/ɡ/	/h/	/i/	/(d)ʒ/	/k/	/kʼ/	/l/
M m	N n	O o	R r	(R̃ r̃)	S s	Sh sh	T t	Ts ts	U u	W w	Y y	Ƴ ƴ	Z z	ʼ
/m/	/n/	/o/	/ɽ/	/r/	/s/	/ʃ/	/t/	/(t)sʼ/	/u/	/w/	/j/	/ʄ/	/z/	/ʔ/

Ajami (Arabic)

Main article: Hausa Ajami

Hausa ming la seuye ing ajami, a Arabic seubie, a 17th century pilee wagri. A Hausa tuma fora seubu iye a Riwayar Nabi Musa a yi Abdullahi Suka a 17th century.^{[these early texts were written in Arabic]} Ba ba tare tumbu kpiengaa a ku ajami,

Hausa Ajami (Warsh Convention)
Letter (Naskh)	Letter (Hausawi/Kanuri)	Latin Equivalent	IPA	Unicode
ا‎	ا‎	‌- A a	[∅]/[ʔ]/[aː]	U+0627
ب‎	ب‎	‌B b	[b]	U+0628
ݑ‎	ݑ‎	‌Ɓ ɓ	[ɓ]	U+0751
ت‎	ت‎	‌T t	[t]	U+062A
ث‎	ث‎	‌C c	[t͡ʃ]	U+062B
ج‎	ج‎	‌J j	[d͡ʒ]	U+062C
ح‎	ح‎	‌H h	[h]	U+062D
خ‎	خ‎	‌H h (Kh kh)	[h]	U+062E
د‎	د‎	‌D d	[d]	U+062F
ذ‎	ذ‎	‌Z z	[z]	U+0630
ر‎	ر‎	‌R r	[ɽ]/[ɾ]	U+0631
ز‎	ز‎	‌Z z	[z]	U+0632
س‎	س‎	‌S s	[s]	U+0633
ش‎	ش‎	‌Sh sh () Ch ch()	[ʃ]	U+0634
ص‎	ص‎	‌S s	[s]	U+0635
ض‎	ض‎	‌L l	[l]	U+0636
ط‎	ط‎	‌Ɗ ɗ	[ɗ]	U+0637
ظ‎	ظ‎	Z z	[z]	U+0638
ڟ‎	ڟ‎	‌Ts ts	[t͡s]/[sʼ]	U+069F
ع‎	ع‎	‌ʼ	[∅]/[ʔ]	U+0639
غ‎	غ‎	‌G g	[ɡ]	U+063A
ڠ‎	ࣃ‎	‌Gw gw Gy gy	[ɡʷ]/[ɡʲ]	U+08C3 (U+06A0)
ࢻـ ࢻ‎	ࢻـ ࢻ‎	‌F f	[ɸ]/[f]	U+088B
ڥ‎	ڥ‎	P p	[p]	U+06A5
ࢼـ ࢼ‎	ࢼـ ࢼ‎	‌Ƙ ƙ	[ƙ]	U+08BC
ڨ‎	ࣄـ ࣄ‎	‌Ƙw ƙw Ƙy ƙy	[ƙʷ]/[ƙʲ]	U+08C4 (U+06A8)
ک‎	ک‎	‌K k	[k]	U+06A9
ݣ‎	ݣ‎	‌Kw kw Ky ky	[kʷ]/[kʲ]	U+0763
ل‎	ل‎	‌L l	[l]	U+0644
م‎	م‎	‌M m	[m]	U+0645
ࢽـ ࢽ‎	ࢽـ ࢽ‎	‌N n	[n]	U+08BD
هـ ه‎	هـ ه‎	‌H h	[h]	U+0647
و‎	و‎	‌W w O o U u	[n] ([oː][uː])	U+0648
ی‎	ی‎	‌Y y I i	[j] ([iː])	U+06CC
ىٰ‎	ىٰ‎	‌E e	[eː]	U+0649 plus U+0670
ؿـ ؿ‎	ؿـ ؿ‎	‌ˈy () Ƴ ƴ()	[ʔʲ]/[ʄ]	U+063F

Hausa Ajami (Hafs Convention)
Letter (Naskh)	Latin Equivalent	IPA	Unicode
ا‎	‌- A a	[∅]/[ʔ]/[aː]	U+0627
ب‎	‌B b	[b]	U+0628
ٻ‎	‌Ɓ ɓ	[ɓ]	U+067B
ت‎	‌T t	[t]	U+062A
ث‎	‌C c	[t͡ʃ]	U+062B
ج‎	‌J j	[d͡ʒ]	U+062C
ح‎	‌H h	[h]	U+062D
خ‎	‌H h (Kh kh)	[h]	U+062E
د‎	‌D d	[d]	U+062F
ذ‎	‌Z z	[z]	U+0630
ر‎	‌R r	[ɽ]/[ɾ]	U+0631
ز‎	‌Z z	[z]	U+0632
س‎	‌S s	[s]	U+0633
ش‎	‌Sh sh () Ch ch()	[ʃ]	U+0634
ص‎	‌S s	[s]	U+0635
ض‎	‌L l	[l]	U+0636
ط‎	‌Ɗ ɗ	[ɗ]	U+0637
ظ‎	Z z	[z]	U+0638
ڟ‎	‌Ts ts	[t͡s]/[sʼ]	U+069F
ع‎	‌ʼ	[∅]/[ʔ]	U+0639
غ‎	‌G g	[ɡ]	U+063A
ڠ‎	‌Gw gw Gy gy	[ɡʷ]/[ɡʲ]	U+06A0
ف‎	‌F f	[ɸ]/[f]	U+0641
ڥ‎	P p	[p]	U+06A5
ق‎	‌Ƙ ƙ	[ƙ]	U+0642
ڨ‎	‌Ƙw ƙw Ƙy ƙy	[ƙʷ]/[ƙʲ]	U+06A8
ك‎	‌K k	[k]	U+0643
ڭ‎	‌Ƙ ƙ Ky ky	[kʷ]/[kʲ]	U+06AD
ل‎	‌L l	[l]	U+0644
م‎	‌M m	[m]	U+0645
ن‎	‌N n	[n]	U+0646
هـ ه‎	‌H h	[h]	U+0647
و‎	‌W w O o U u	[n] ([oː][uː])	U+0648
ي‎	‌Y y I i	[j] ([iː])	U+064A
ىٰ‎	‌E e	[eː]	U+0649 plus U+0670
ۑـ ۑ‎	‌ˈy () Ƴ ƴ()	[ʔʲ]/[ʄ]	U+06D1

Nuori yeliyaga Gbama seuri aning a daanhibu

1905, George Charleton Merrick (a British army officer and Hausa interpreter) muolee Hausa luguhi, a cheihibu a gaa 400 luguhi Hausa puo (Roman script) ning nansaare leuhibu. A luguhi mine iye:

"Fawa biu tana bata hankali'n kuda." "Two pieces of meat confuse the mind of the fly (i.e to hesitate between two things)." (#18)
"Da ayi jiranka ga abinchi, gara akayi ka jira'n abinchi." "Better that you should be made to wait for food than that food should be made to wait for you." (#26)
"Kunkurru ya so dambe, ba shi da yasa." "The tortoise wishes to fight with his fists, but he has no fingers (i.e. impotent wrath)." (#45)
"Komi ya ke chikkin dan kaza, shafu ya deddi da sanninshi." "Whatever there is inside a chicken, the hawk has been familiar with it for a very long time (i.e. there is not much that you can teach me about that)." (#47)
"Kaffa'n woni ba ta wa woni taffia." "The legs of one man are no good to another for walking." (#61)

Charles Henry Robinson's Hausa Grammar, also published in 1905, contains a selection of proverbs in Hausa (Roman script) with English translations; here are a few of those proverbs:

"Giwa awani gari zomo." "An elephant is a hare in another town (i.e. a great man is a nobody where no one knows him)."
"Idan ka rubuta ya tabbatta, idan ka kiyaye ya gudu." "If you write, the writing remains; if you keep a thing in your mind, it flees away."
"Alberkachin kaza kadangari shi kan sha ruan kasko." "Thanks to the fowl, the lizard finds water to drink in the pot (i.e. if there were no fowls, there would be no water put out; this is said when a man gains some benefit through no virtue of his own)."
"Karambanin akwai ta gaida kura." "It is no business of the goat to salute the hyena; i.e. if a man meddles with that which does not concern him, he has only himself to thank for his misfortune."
"Haukan kaza amren musuru." "It is madness for the fowl to marry a cat (i.e. the meaning is practically the same as the preceding).

Ming kaa nye

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TAREGIIHI

Puori toonhibu

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20140513011326/http://library.columbia.edu/subject-guides/africa/subjects/hausa_bibliography.html
http://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/4
https://web.archive.org/web/20040603144544/http://www.univie.ac.at/afrikanistik/oracle/KofarHausaE.htmlHausa Dictionary at University of Vienna
http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED252096: –Intermediate and Advanced Lessons in Hausa Language and Culture
Robinson, Charles Henry. (1899) Hausa-English Dictionary, in both Latin and Ajami, Vol 1.https://archive.org/details/dictionaryhausa01englgoog/page/n2/mode/2up

[1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer2007?-2

[2] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-:0-3

[3] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-:1-4

[4] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-Hau-5

[5] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-6

[6] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-e27-7

[7] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-8

[8] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-9

[9] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-10

[10] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-11

[11] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-12

[12] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-13

[13] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-14

[14] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-15

[15] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language#cite_note-16

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