Wp/shi/Tafriqt
|
| Tafriqt | |
.svg) | |
| Tajumma | 30 415 873 km2 |
| Imzdaɣ | 1 348 000 000 hab. (2020) |
| Tanẓẓi | 44 hab./km2 |
| Timizar | 54 |
| Tutlayin | Gr 1250 ar 3000 n tutlayin |
| Iẓdi n usgar | UTC−1 (Cap-Vert) UTC+4 (Maurice) |
| Tiɣrmin mqqurnin | Cairo . Lagos . Kinshasa . Johannesburg . Luanda . Khartoum . Dar es Salaam . Abidjan . Alexandria . Nairobi . Cape Town . Kano . Dakar . Tigmmi Tumlilt . Addis Ababa |
Tafrikt (neɣ Tafriqt) d yiwen seg yimenẓawen umi mechur (yettwassen) yisem deg umaḍal. Acku, medden ur tt-ssinen ara dima s wayen yelhan. Aṭas n medden deg umaḍal ur nessin ara ɣef Tefrikt amur ameqran, ttxayalen-tt d akal anda ay yugar ccwal, imgura (war) akk d imenɣan, d akal kan anda ay ttmettaten igerdan si laẓ yernu gten (tuqqten) deg-s waṭṭanen, d akal n lqella n cci anda medden akk d igellilen.
Maca Tafrikt maci ala d anect-a. Tafrikt tteččur d igduden, d agaraw, d ilel (sea) n yegduden neɣ n yemdanen (human), yal yiwen s tutlayt-is, s yedles d umezruy-is. Ar ass-a werɛad ssinen imassanen akk tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di Tefrikt, neɛ mazal ay tent-ɣrin merra akken iwata (ilaq) ad yeli. Ar ass-a, werɛad ur ssinen ara imassanen ansayen (traditions) d yidelsan n yegduden merra ay izedɣen Tafrikt, werɛad ur d-lqiḍen ara seg-sen akk ayen inwamken (imaɛnen), tamussni-nsen d wayen yeffren deg yidelsan-nsen. Ass-a, mi akka ara tkeccem tetrara ɣer yal amkan, ɣer yal axjiḍ deg umaḍal, aṭas seg yegduden n Tefrikt ara yesruḥuyen ansayen d yidelsan-nsen, yernu yessefk ɣef yimassanen ad rren tamuɣli/ d wallaɣ-nsen ɣer waya uqbel ma yezri ukud.
Tafrikt tefka-d aṭas i tudert n wemdan, ama s tmussni-yines, ama s wayen ay tesɛa d cci d teɣawsiwin, ama d akal, ama d imdanen. Ass-a, ur yessefk ara ad qqnen (medlen) medden allen-nsen ɣef waya. Xas ma yella lbaṭel-nni yettwaxedmen deg Yefriqiyen, di tallit n tehrest (colonisation) iɛedda, yekfa, medden yessefk ad walin Tafrikt ad as-rren tajmilt i Tefrikt u ad tt-walin s wallen nniḍen, yessefk ad gren tamawt i wayen d-tefka i ddunit d umaḍal, i ddur ay telṭeb deg umezruy n umaḍal u ad gren tamawt diɣ i wayen ara d-tettak Tefrikt ass-a akk d yigerwaj ay d-mazal ffren deg-s.
Igdudn n Tfriqt[edit | edit source]
Igduden n Tefrikt ṭṭuqten (ggten) macci d kra, seg Yimaziɣen ɣer Yimaṣriyen n wass-a, arraw n Yimaṣriyen iqburen, ɣer Yinubiyen d Yityupiyen, ɣer Yiwulufen d Yizuluten. Ulac amkan ur neɣmir (neccur) ara di Tefrikt. Qrib yal tamurt tesɛa timerwin (dizaines) n yegduden, merra sɛan tutlayin-nsen, ansayen d yidelsan-nsen d waṭas n tɣawsiwin nniḍen ara yelmed fell-asen umaḍal neɣ igduden-is merra.
Tafrikt ugafa[edit | edit source]
Deg Ugafa n Tefrikt, imezdaɣen ineṣliyen d Imaziɣen, d nitni ay d amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n Tmazɣa, xas ma yella aṭas deg-sen ass-a la ttmeslayen taɛrabt neɣ/ akk d Tefransist. Imaziɣen egan-d tilas i wakal d ameqran, yewwet seg wemda n Siwa, deg Utaram (lɣerb) n Maṣer alamma alamma d Targa Zewwaɣen d Muritanya, ɣef yiri n ugaraw Aṭlasi. Yuɣ lḥal, d Imaziɣen ay d agdud n Tefrikt awḥid ay d-iḥerren anect-agi n wakal, imi amur ameqran deg yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen, tikwal sɛan kan akal d amecṭuḥ, tikwal bitt, cerken-t akk d yegduden nniḍen. Imaziɣen ttumḍanen d agdud n yiri (race) amellal, xas ma yella nettaf gar-asen aṭas n yimibriken d yiberkanen. Aṭas n Yimaziɣen ay d-mazal la ttmeslayen tamaziɣt, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, aṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ay d-yennulfan i wakken ad wwtent u ad ḥerzent tutlayt-nsent. Xas ma yella tantalyin (dialectes) ay ttmeslayen Yimaziɣen mxallafent si tama ɣer tayeḍ, maca kkant-d akk seg yiwen n uẓar, seg yiwet n tutlayt, yernu yeshel ɣef waṭas n trebbaɛ timaziɣin ad msefhament wagar-asent s tutlayt-nsent, xas ma yella mxallafent tentalyin-nsent. Imaziɣen mazal ṭṭfen deg waṭas n wansayen (lɛaddat), ladɣa wid yettidiren di Merruk akk d Uneɣruf (Sahara), d acu kan, ass-a, aṭas n wansayen imaziɣen ay yellan ɣef (af) yiri n nnger, la ten-ttağğan medden yernu ur d asen-ttgen ara azal d leqder. Nnig waya, ula d tutlayt tamaziɣt la tettuɣal ɣer deffir deg waṭas n tmiwa n Tmazɣa, medden la tt-ttağğan, ilmeẓyen ur a ttlemmden ara, dɣa yessefk ad yettwaxdem kra n leqdic s uɣiwel i lmend n ussukkes n tutlayt di tmiwa-ya.
Akal n Yimaziɣen, seg wakken meqqer aramma ay yewweḍ ɣer wul n Tefrikt. D Imuhaɣ neɣ Imucaɣ ay d tarbaɛt n Yimaziɣen ay yesɛan akal meqqren akk, xas akken ur ṭṭuqqten ara. Akal-nsen d Aneẓruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Niger, atg.), yernu imi ay zgan leḥḥun, ttruḥun nitni d lmal-nsen seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ, wwḍen ɣer waṭas n tmiwa di Tefrikt. Imuhaɣ xulḍen aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay ten-id-iqerben, nitni fkan-asen u wwin-d aṭas seg-sen. Ass-a, nezmer ad naf Imuhaɣ di Niger d Mali, am wakken ay nezmer ad naf kra n trebbaɛ-nsen di Čad, Burkina Faso akk d Nigeria. Deg wenẓul n Uneẓruf (Niger akk d Mali), aṭas n yegduden ifriqiyen ay yettidiren ɣer tama n Yimuhaɣ, nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sen Ibambaraten, Ifularen akk d Yisarakuliyen. Kra seg yegduden-agi kessen lmal am Yimuhaɣ, di lweqt i deg wiyaḍ xeddmen tafellaḥt. Yuɣ lḥal, akal n wenẓul n Uneẓruf ɛeddan deg-s yisafen, d aya ay t-yerran d agilal, meḥsub yelha i tfellaḥt. Nnig waya, isafen n tama-yagi ldin diɣ iberdan i waṭas n yegduden i wakken ad xeddmen tanezzawt (ttjara), ad znuzun u ad ttaɣen d yegduden merra ay ten-id-iqerben. Idyulaten n Burkina Faso, Côte ḍIvoire akk d Senegal d yiwen seg yegduden n Tefrikt Taɣerbit ay yettwassnen s tnezzawt.
Tafriqt Umalu[edit | edit source]
Di lɣerb, igduden ay yettidiren ɣef yiri n Ugaraw Aṭlasi lhan-d s waṭas d ṣṣyada n yiselman. Imuriṭaniyen (laṣel-nsen d Imaziɣen) d yegduden n yiri n lebḥer n Senegal ttwassnen s ṣṣyada. Di Tefrikt Taɣerbit llant waṭas n tmura yesɛan tiẓegwa timeqranin. D acu kan, tiẓegwa n Tefrikt ɛemrent. Zik, igduden ay izedɣen tiẓegwa-yagi llan la ttidiren s ṣṣyada n yiɣersiwen d tukksa n wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ass-a, aṭas deg yegduden-agi ay yeǧǧan aya. Di tmiwa-yagi diɣ, igduden Ifriqiyen sbedden-d aṭas n tgeldiyin (royaumes), yernu asmi ay bdan la d-ttawḍen Wurufiyen ɣer Tefrikt, di lqern wis 15, aṭas si tgeldiyin-agi ay yellan la xeddment tanezzawt (ttjara) d Wurufiyen. Tageldit n ɣana (ay d-sbedden Wacantiyen) tella tettwassen s ddheb-yines, yernu aṭas n tgeldiyin tifriqiyin n tama-yagi ay yellan la znuzuyent aklan (ay d-ttaṭṭafent si tmiwa nniḍen) i Wurufiyen i wakken ad ten-awin ad ten-sxedmen di Marikan. Yuɣ lḥal, amur ameqran deg yiberkanen yellan ass-a di Marikan laṣel-nsen si Tefrikt Taɣerbit.
Tafriqt Usamer[edit | edit source]
Di Tefrikt Tacerqit, llan waṭas n yegduden ay yettmeslayen tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin tikuciyin. Tutlayin tisamiyin d tawacult n tutlayin i deg nezmer ad naf taɛrabt d tutlayin yettemcabin ɣur-s, am tɛebrit (hébreu) neɣ tafiniqit n zik. D acu kan, menɣir taɛrabt (ay ttmeslayen di tmura am Ssudan, Ǧibuti d Iritirya), tutlayin tisamiyin n Tefrikt nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tamharit d ttigrinyat (ttmeslayen-tent di Ityupya d Iritirya). Igduden n tmiwa-yagi, xas d iberkanen (neɣ d imibriken), maca ḍebɛen, imi lejdud-nsen, di laṣel, llan d imellalen ay ixelḍen d iberkanen. Igduden-agi daɣen lhan-d d tfellaḥt akk d tkessawt, yemxallaf wacu xeddmen ɣef leḥsab n wakal i deg ttidiren. Wid yettmeslayen tutlayin tikuciyin ttidiren di tama tameṭṭarfut n Tefrikt tacerqit, tama-nni umi qqaren Iccew n Tefrikt, u ad naf gar-asen Iṣumaliyen, ay d-yelhan ladɣa s tkessawt n wakraren.
Di Tefrikt Talemmast akk d ccerq n Tefrikt Tasebgast (équatoriale), llan yizaɣaren d imeqranen yernu d izegzawen. Imezdaɣen n tmiwa-ya lhan-d d tkessawt n yezgaren. Agdud yettwassnen s tkessawt-agi d Imasayen n Kenya d Tanzanya. Imasayen ttwassnen s lqedd-nsen aɛlayan d uceṭṭiḍ-nni azewwaɣ ay settwen, itteṣṣer-iten si tgecrar alamma d idmaren. Aṭas n Yimasayen ay d-mazal la ttidiren tudert-nni n zik, teddun d yezgaren-nsen deg yizaɣaren-nni anda ay d-mazal la ttidiren waṭas n yiɣersiwen iweḥciyen. Maca Imasayen uɣen tanumi d yiɣersiwen-agi, yernu ula d izmawen ttagaden-ten, ur ttqerriben ara ɣer lmal-nsen.
Kenya akk d Tanzanya sɛant akal igerrzen i tfellaḥt, yernu amur ameqran seg yegduden n tmiwa-yagi ttidiren seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ikikuyuten d yiwen wegdud n Kenya, zik llan sɛan aṭas n wakal, ḥerren-t-id s yiɣil-nsen, yernu llan sɛan ddewla teǧhed. Asmi ay d-wwḍen Yebriṭaniyen ɣer Kenya, di tgara n lqern wis 19, kksen-asen akal-nsen, ama i nitni, ama i yegduden nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, igduden-agi, arraw n wakal, gguman ad ssusmen u gan ṭṭrad meqqren i wakken ad ssuffɣen imsehres (colonisateur) si tmurt-nsen. Igduden yettidiren ɣef yiri n Ugaraw Ahendi (océan Indien), si tama-nsen, čudd tudert-nsen ɣer lebḥer (am wid-nni Tefrikt Taɣerbit), maca nnig waya, igduden-agi ttwassnen s ttjara-nsen taqdimt akk d Waɛraben. Amur ameqran deg yimezdaɣen n tefsirin (côtes) n Tefrikt Tacerqit d Inselmen, yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt umi qqaren taswaḥilit, yis-s ay ttemsefhamen ula akk d yegduden ifriqiyen nniḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, taswaḥilit d tutlayt taɣelnawt di Kenya akk d Tanzanya, yernu nezmer ad d-nini dakken tuɣal d tutlayt tagraɣlant i yes ttemsefhamen waṭas n yegduden di Tefrikt Tacerqit d Tefrikt Tasebgast (équatoriale).
Tafrikt Tasebgast[edit | edit source]
Ul n Tefrikt Tasebgast yella zik yeččur d tiẓegwa. Timiwa-yagi ttwassnent s Yefɣulen. Wigi d imezdaɣen ineṣliyen n tmiwa-yagi. Xas ma yella zik, tamurt-nsen meqqret (tiẓegwa n Tefrikt Talemmast, Zaïre, Kamirun, atg.), ass-a, ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi ay d-yeqqimen deg-sen, imi aṭas n lumur ay ten-icewwlen. Ifɣulen d imecṭaḥ, ur ttimɣuren ara. Imeqranen deg-sen sɛɛan azal n lmitra d wezgen di teɣzi. Maci d aḍḍan ay uḍnen, wanag akka kan ay tga ccetla-nsen. Zik, medden llan ttewḥacen-ten imi ay d imeẓyanen yernu ttidiren kan di tẓegwa, anda ay ttṣeggiden ayen tetten. Ass-a, idles-nsen atan la inegger yernu yessefk ad d-rren medden lwelha-nsen ɣur-sen.
Timizar n Tafriqt[edit | edit source]
Timizar n Tafriqt n ugafa[edit | edit source]
| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Dzayr
|
2 381 741 | 39 542 166 | 16,6 | Dzayr |
 Miṣra
|
1 001 450 | 88 487 396 | 88,3 | Taqahirt |
 Libya
|
1 759 540 | 6 411 776 | 3,6 | Ṭarablus |
 Lmɣrib
|
710,850 | 36,471,769 | 50 | Rrbaṭ |
 Tuns
|
163 610 | 11 037 225 | 67,4 | Tuns |
| - Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt n ugafa : | ||||
 Tigzirin tiknariyin ( Ṣbanya )
|
7,492 | 2,154,905 | 226 | Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
 Madyira ( Brtqqiz )
|
797 | 245,000 | 307 | Funchal |
 Sbta ( Ṣbanya )
|
20 | 85,107 | 3,575 | — |
 Mlilya ( Ṣbanya )
|
12 | 85,116 | 5,534 | — |
Timizar n Tafriqt tangmuḍt[edit | edit source]
| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Burundi
|
27,830 | 6,373,002 | 229.0 | Bujumbura |
 Igumamn n Iqumurn
|
2,170 | 614,382 | 283.1 | Muruni |
 Djibuti
|
23,000 | 472,810 | 20.6 | Djibuti (tamdint) |
 Iritiriya
|
121,320 | 4,465,651 | 36.8 | Asmara |
 Ityubya
|
1,127,127 | 67,673,031 | 60.0 | Adis Ababa |
 Kinya
|
582,650 | 31,138,735 | 53.4 | Nayrubi |
 Madagaskar
|
587,040 | 16,473,477 | 28.1 | Antananaribu |
 Malawi
|
118,480 | 10,701,824 | 90.3 | Lilungwi |
 Agumam n Muricyus
|
2,040 | 1,200,206 | 588.3 | Bur Luwi |
 Muzambik
|
801,590 | 19,607,519 | 24.5 | Mabutu |
 Rwanda
|
26,338 | 7,398,074 | 280.9 | Kigali |
 Sicil
|
455 | 80,098 | 176.0 | Fikturya |
 Sumalya
|
637,657 | 7,753,310 | 12.2 | Mugadicu |
 Tanzanya
|
945,087 | 37,187,939 | 39.3 | Duduma |
 Uganda
|
236,040 | 24,699,073 | 104.6 | Kambala |
 Sudan n iffus
|
619,745 | 8,260,490 | 13 | Juba |
 Sudan
|
1,861,484 | 30,894,000 | 17 | Xartum |
| - Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt tangmuḍt : | ||||
 Réunion (Fransa)
|
2,512 | 743,981 | 296.2 | San-Deni |
.svg){kind=small} Mayut (Fransa)
|
374 | 170,879 | 456.9 | Mamužu |
 Ikaliwn n iffus d Intarktiwn ( Fransa )
|
439,781 | 100 | — | Saint Pierre |
Timizar n Tafrikt n wammas[edit | edit source]
| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Angula
|
1,246,700 | 10,593,171 | 8.5 | Luwanda |
 Kamirun
|
475,440 | 16,184,748 | 34.0 | Yawandi |
 Tagduda n Tafrikt Tanammast
|
622,984 | 3,642,739 | 5.8 | Bangi |
 Tcad
|
1,284,000 | 8,997,237 | 7.0 | N'Djamina |
 Tagduda n Kungu
|
342,000 | 2,958,448 | 8.7 | Brazavil |
 Tagduda Tamagdayt n Kungu
|
2,345,410 | 55,225,478 | 23.5 | Kinshasa |
 Ginya n tuẓẓumt
|
28,051 | 498,144 | 17.8 | Malabo |
 Gabun
|
267,667 | 1,233,353 | 4.6 | Libruvil |
 São Tomé d Brincibi
|
1,001 | 170,372 | 170.2 | São Tomé |
Timizar n Tafriqt n iffus[edit | edit source]
| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Butswana
|
600,370 | 1,591,232 | 2.7 | Gaborone |
 Lesotho
|
30,355 | 2,207,954 | 72.7 | Maseru |
 Namibia
|
825,418 | 1,820,916 | 2.2 | Windhoek |
 Tafriqt n Unẓul
|
1,219,912 | 43,647,658 | 35.8 | Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria |
 Swaziland
|
17,363 | 1,123,605 | 64.7 | Mbaban |
 Zambya
|
752,614 | 11,862,740 | 16 | Lusaka |
 Zimbabwi
|
390,580 | 11,392,629 | 29 | Harare |
Timizar n Tafriqt n tagut[edit | edit source]
| Tamazirt d ucnyal nns | Tajumma ( km² ) | Imzdaɣ ( 2016 - CIA World factbook ) | Tanẓẓi ( s km² ) | Tamaẓunt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Binin
|
112,620 | 6,787,625 | 60.3 | Purtu-Nuvu |
 Burkina Fasu
|
274,200 | 12,603,185 | 46.0 | Wagadugu |
 Isk n Vird
|
4,033 | 408,760 | 101.4 | Praya |
 Aftas n Ivoir
|
322,460 | 16,804,784 | 52.1 | Abidjan, Yamusukru |
 Gambya
|
11,300 | 1,455,842 | 128.8 | Banjul |
 Ɣana
|
239,460 | 20,244,154 | 84.5 | Akra |
 Ɣinya
|
245,857 | 7,775,065 | 31.6 | Kunakri |
 Ɣinya-Bisaw
|
36,120 | 1,345,479 | 37.3 | Bisaw |
 Libirya
|
111,370 | 3,288,198 | 29.5 | Munruvya |
 Mali
|
1,240,000 | 11,340,480 | 9.1 | Bamaku |
.svg){kind=small} Muritanya
|
1,030,700 | 2,828,858 | 2.7 | Nwakcut |
 Nigir
|
1,267,000 | 10,639,744 | 8.4 | Niyami |
 Nijirya
|
923,768 | 129,934,911 | 140.7 | Abuja |
 Sinigal
|
196,190 | 10,589,571 | 54.0 | Dakar |
 Siralyun
|
71,740 | 5,614,743 | 78.3 | Freetown |
 Tugu
|
56,785 | 5,285,501 | 93.1 | Lumi |
| - Idɣarn ittuyḥasabn f Uruppa ɣ Tafriqt n tagut : | ||||
 Sant Hilina ( Ingliz )
|
410 | 7,317 | 17.8 | Jamistun |
Iɣbula[edit | edit source]
| Imnẓawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tafriqt |
.svg) Marikan |
.svg) Antarktika |
.svg) Asya |
.svg) Urupa |
.svg) Usyanya |