Wp/rif/Bakunin
Mixayel Aleksandrubicc Bakunin (s Tarusit: Михаил Александрович Бакунин), imi qqaren tikwal. Michel Bakounine, illul ass n 20 neγ 30 di magu 1814 di Primuxino, di tmurt n Rrus, imut ass amenzu di yulyu ussegwass n 1876 di Bern, tamurt n Sswis d afilusuf anerwaḍ (anar). Acḥal d assegwaas d Pierre-Joseph Proudhon illa-d d tala-s n tikta.
Ass-mi idder di Musku d Saint-Petersburg illa issuqul-d imarayen ilamniyen am Hegel d Fichte ar trusit. Di 1842, yusa ar tmurt n Lalman u si imi iwweḍ imlal n ilmeẓyen inelmayen n tmurt n llalmen di Berlin. Syin, idda ar Fransa anda imlal d Proudhon d George Sand u issen-d daγen imnejla n tmurt Pulunya. Si Paris, iruḥ ar tmurt n Swiss anda izdaγ kra issegwassen u anda ikki u igar tamawt ama s tiga am tikti d ṭaqa n imussuten inelmayen.
Ass-mi akka I illa izdeγ di tmurt n Swiss, anabaḍ n tmurt-a ira a t-isqarqer ar tmurt-is, tamurt n Russ. Bakunin yugi. U tigin-a ines tessassa as-d tukwsa n wayen isɛa, ama d axxam ama d ayen nniḍen. Di 1848, di tuγalin-ines ar Paris, yura kra n wawalen d imsarγiyen mgal tamurt n Rrus u dgha anect-a iwwi yas-d tufγa si tmurt n Fransa, ittwaqerqer-d seg-s.
Amussu agrawliw n 1848 ifka yas abrid s wayes ikcem ar gar kra n trebbuɛa ifetlen arway d tektiwin γef tugdut. Ikki deg umennuγ n Dresde n 1849 u dinna dγa I ittwarez, “taγdemt” teddem fell-as tamgart, u ittwarez “ar laxart”. Fkan-t, neγ rran-t, s ifassen ttwaqnen, I udabu n tmurt n Rrus, win izemmemen fell-as tawwurt n tazult u I t-yuznen, kra issegwassen s yin, ar lka n usemmar n Siberya deg assegwass n 1855.
Deg ussegwass n 1861, deg yiwen n ttriḥ is fkan I kra n wussan irwel ar tmurt n Japun, d Iwunak Idduklen u tagara ar tmurt n Legliz. S yin idder akw tudart-is di Turuft, ladγa di tmurt n Sswis. Di 1869 issali yiwet n tdukli tasertant: Tadukli Tanemlayt n Tugdut. Maca ugin as I tdukli agi ines anekcum ar tmenzut n Tagraγlant Inemahalen (Internationale des travailleurs), nnan as tadukli inek ulac deg-s tirrebbuɛa tigraγlayin. Dγa assegwass nni, tebḍa Tdukli ya u wid illan ttekkin akw deg-s ddan ar Tagraγlant Inemahalen iman nsen, myal yiwen ansi I ikka.
Di 1870 isseker-d ahetrwel d ummennuγ di Lyon, maca ur issaweḍ sani n kra. Maca xas ilul-d din immut din umenniγ-a, izga, kra issegwassen s yin, d amedya di Tγiwant n Paris (Commune de Paris). Karl Marks d Friedrich Engles ufan as anamek diγen: tasnaraft n tigellel.
Deg ussegwass n 1872 Bakunin essufγen-t seg ukabar amarksiẓri di temlilit n la Haye imi imgaraden di tamuγli netta d Marks. Marks inna ilaq uwanek anemlay ar isseddun timsal ar tuksa uwanek s wadda, ma d Bakunin ur iwala ara I wacu awanek akken ad tili tuksa ...uwanek-a.
Xas akken Bakunin, si zik, ittwali di Marks tigzi γef sin iḍaren, maca yufa-t tikwal ittzuxu u imiren id-inna d akken abrid n Marks ar Tesnaraft ar yawwi wid iddan deg-s u ma s yis-s urǧin ad tili tegrawla tanemlayt. Bakunin iceḍ daγen imi iwwet di Marks γef iẓuran-is udayen u Marks inna daγen γef Bakunin belli ittargu deg iḍ deg ass u γef anect-a Bakunin inna-d : d tidett!
Iffeγ Bakunin seg wannar umennuγ di Luganu deg ussegwass n 1873 u immut di Bern ass n 1 di yunyu 1876. Issal-id u eǧǧa-d amussu agraγlan awernaẓri. Tawernatt macci kan d arway, di tazwara d ameggel n tikta, d amennuγ γef izerfan, d tugin n tesnaraft uwanak γef wudem n tugdut.
Asirem d tektiwin n Bakunin fγent-ed deg udlis-is Ilu d Uwanek. Fell-as netta tura Madeleine Grawitz Bakunin di teẓririgin Calamin-Levy 2000.