Wp/nyn/Vietnam
Vietnam, omu butongore erikwetwa Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), n'eihanga eriri aha rubaju rw'oburugwa izooba bwa Mainland Southeast Asia. N'obwingi bwa square kilometres 331,000 (128,000 sq mi) hamwe n'abantu abarikurenga obukaikuru 100, n'eihanga rya 15 omu nsi yoona omu bwingi bw'abantu. Rimwe aha mahanga abiri agarikutegyekwa aba komunisti omu Southeast Asia, Vietnam neetwarirwa China omu matemba, Laos na Cambodia omu burengyerwa eizooba, Gulf of Thailand omu burengyerwa eizo. Kandi n'enyanja ya China ey'amashuuma; kandi neegabana enyanja na Thailand, Malaysia, na Indonesia omu mashuuma n'oburengyerwa-izooba, Philippines omu burugwa-izooba, na China omu burugwa-izooba. Orurembo rwayo orukuru ni Hanoi, kandi orurembo rwayo oruhango ni Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam ekaba etwiremu abantu kuruga omu bwire bwa Paleolithic, kandi amahanga gakatandikaho omu kyasha ky'okubanza BC aha Red River Delta omu Vietnam ey'obunaku obu omu matemba. Oruganda rwa Han rukatwara amatemba ga Vietnam hamwe na Vietnam eya rwagati, ekyarugiremu okutegyekwa kw'Abachaina kuruga 111 BC kuhisya obu oruganda rw'okubanza rwatandikaho omuri 939. Obutegyeki bw'obugabe oburikukurataho bukakoresa obuhangwa bw'Abachaina kurabira omu Bukristaayo hamwe na Buddha, kandi bwagumizamu bwaza omu mashuma kuhika aha Mekong Delta, burikusingura Champa. Omu kyasha kya 17 na 18, Vietnam ekaba etarikushushana n'obugabe bubiri obwa Dang Trong na Dang Ngoi. Obutegyeki bwa Nguyen obwahererukireyo bukashagika Bufaransa omuri 1883. Omu 1887, obutegyeki bwayo bukateebwa omu Bufaransa Indochina nk'ebicweka bishatu ebitarikushushana. Omu bwire butari bwa hare bwanyima ya Orutaro rw'Ensi Yoona orwa II, ekibiina kya Viet Minh, ekyabaire kiri eky'obutegyeki ekirikwebemberwa omunyabyabutegyeki Ho Chi Minh, kikatandikaho empinduka y'omu kwezi kwa munaana kandi kyarangirira obwetegyeki bwa Vietnam kuruga omu butegyeki bwa Japan omuri 1945.
Vietnam ekaraba omu rutaro rw'obwire buraingwa omu kyasha kya 20. Bwanyima y'Orutaro rw'Ensi Yoona orwa II, Bufaransa ekagaruka kugira obutegyeki bw'amatware omu rutaro rw'okubanza orwa Indochina, oru Vietnam yaarugiremu erikusingura omuri 1954. Ahabw'endagaano ezaataire omukono ahagati ya Viet Minh na Bufaransa, Vietnam ekatandika kwebaganisamu ebicweka bibiri. Orutaro rwa Vietnam rukatandika bwanyima y'obwire bukye, ahagati ya North Vietnam eyabaire eri ey'abakomunisiti, erikushagikwa Soviet Union na China, hamwe na South Vietnam eyabaire eri ey'okurwanisa obukomunisiti, erikushagikwa United States. Ahabw'obusinguzi bwa North Vietnam omuri 1975, Vietnam ekagarukana nk'eihanga rimwe erya komunisiti eryayehindwire eihanga ry'obuhangwa erya komunisiti eririkwetwa Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) omuri 1976. Eby'entatsya ebitarikukora kurungi, okuzibirwa kw'eby'obushubuzi kuruga omu mahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba, hamwe n'entaro na Cambodia na China bikongyera kuremesa eihanga. Omuri 1986, CPV ekatandikaho empindahinduka omu by'entatsya n'eby'obutegyeki ezirikushushana n'empindahinduka y'eby'entatsya eya China, ekyahindwire eihanga ryaba ery'obuhangwa erya komunisiti eririkwetwa Socialist-oriented market economy. Empindahinduka egi ekabaasisa Abavietin[amu kugaruka omu by'entatsya n'eby'obutegyeki by'ensi yoona.
Vietnam n'eihanga eririkukura n'entatsya y'ahagati y'ahansi. Erimu obushomankuzi bwingi, okuzibira, enshonga z'obuhangwa bw'ensi hamwe n'ebihandiiko bibi by'obugabe bw'abantu. N'ekicweka ky'ebitongore by'ensi yoona hamwe n'ebya gavumenti ebirikwetwa ASEAN, APEC, Non-Aligned Movement, OIF, hamwe na WTO. Etwire eri aha kakiiko k'eby'okwerinda k'ekibiina ky'amahanga geeteeraine emirundi ebiri.