Wp/nyn/Teso
Aba teso (nainga abantu ba Teso) n'oruganda rwa Nilotikisi omu burugwa- izooba bwa Uganda n'oburengyerwa- izooba bwa Kenya. Teso nikimanyisa enzaarwa yaba Iteso, kandi Ateso nirwo rurimi rwabo.[1][2]
Ebyafaayo.
[edit | edit source]Okufuruka.
Nikiteekateekwa ngu hakabaho emiringo ebiri y'okufuruka, Okufuruka okw'okubanza kukabareetsa omu burugwa- izooba bwa Uganda n'oburengyerwa- izooba bwa Kenya kandi kukabaho mporampora omu busingye. Omusinguzi w'amahurire Oduk n'omukazi we Among, nikigambwa ngu bakahwera aba teso omu kufuruka kw'omurundi gwa kabiri kuza omu kicweka kya Busia eky'omurembe gw'erizooba nka 1500 AD, kandi omu kyaasha kya 19, bakategyeka eitaka rihango, Okweyongyera kw'amaani kwabo kukareetaho entaro n'enganda ezindi ezaabaire ziriho. Oduk akaheebwa ekitiinisa ky'okutebeekanisa amahe ga teso n'okubahwera kusingura abaabaire nibabahakanisa.[3] kandi, entunguuka yaabo ekeyongera omu maisho, ahabw'okugira ngu amahanga agabaherereire garikukwatanisa n'Abangyereza gakabahwera. Eby'Obuhangwa n'entebeekanisa ya Iteso,eby'obuhangwa bikarugaho abantu ba Ganda, baabiheerwa omu kyaasha kya ikumi na mwenda;[4]orurimi rw'omumatemba ga Ateso nirukwatana munonga n'orurimi rwa Luganda ahabw'obusinguzi obu. Okutaana n'ekyo, amatemba ga Ateso gategyekirwe orurimi rwa Turkana.
Obutegyeki bw'amatware ga Bungyereza hamwe n'okwetegyeka..
Omu kyaasha kya 20, abantu ba Iteso bakakora empindahinduka y'amaani omu mitwarize yaabo, kuruga omu by'oburiisa bw'entaama kuza omu by'obuhingi n'oburiisa. [5]Abashaija baingi aba Iteso bakagyenda aheeru y'eihanga kukora omu byanga bya Bungyereza eby'aheeru y'eihanga nka Burma. Omuri 1902, ekicweka ky'oburugwa- eizooba bwa Uganda kikagarurwa omu burengyerwa-izooba bwa Kenya, ekyabaganisibwemu aba Iteso; oihireho okwebaganisamu oku, hariho entaaniso y'eby'obuhangwa nkye ahagati yaabo.[6] Kwonka, emihanda y'eby'entaasya hamwe n'embeera z'abantu etaaneise munonga. Omu bwire bw'okwetegyeka, abanya Uganda aba Iteso bakaba bari abagaiga, ahabw'okuba tibarabonabweine omu by'entaasya nk'oku Abafirika ba Kenya baabaire babonabona ahabw'abajwekyerwa abajungu. Kwonka, aba Iteso ba Kenya tibarabonabwaine omu by'obutebeekana omu by'obutegyeki nk'abazaara baabo abanya Uganda, kandi eby'entaatsya ya Kenya bikareka aba Iteso ba Kenya kusinga aba Iteso ba Uganda omu by'obugaiga.
Omu butegyeki bwa Milton Obote obw'okubanza, aba Iteso baingi bakatunga emyanya y'amahe n'obwebembezi, ekyabaikiriize kutunga obugaiga, obu bateire omu bitongore by'ente.[7] Ahanyima ya Idi Amin kwihwaho omuri 1979, aba Karamojongo bakatunga ebikwato bingi, ebi bakozeesize kutaahirira ente kuruga omu bantu ba Iteso abatarikukoresa ebikwato; Ente za Iteso zikasiisikara, kandi baingi bakagwa omu bworo. Omu butegyeki bwa Obote.[7]Obw'akabiri, amahe ga Uganda gakaba garimu aba Iteso na Acholi. Yoweri Museveni ku yaizire omu bwebembezi, akashazamu ekitongore ky'amahe ekyabaire nikigyenderera okuzibira aba Karamoja okwiba ente, kandi akabinga abaserukare ba Iteso, Acholi, na Kumam kuruga omu mahe, ahabw'obuheereza bwabo obwahwaire omu butegyeki bwa Obote. Abaserukare aba, abaabaire batarikumarwa, ahanyima y'okugaruka omu mahanga gaabo agatarikwebaasa ahabw'okutahirira ente, bakatwara ebikwato kurwanisa obutegyeki bwa Museveni. Obutabanguko bwa Teso bukagumaho okuhisya omu myaka ya 1980, ekyaarekire ekyanga kitatunguukire. [8][7]
Omuri 1992, entaro zikakorwaho kurabira omu kukorera hamwe kw'abantu b'omubyaro, ab'enzaarwa, amakanisa, hamwe n'ekitongore ky'omwebembezi w'eihanga ekya Teso (PCT). Eki kikareetaho okutandikaho ekiijusyo ky'orutaro haihi n'ekibuga ekikuru ekya Iteso, Soroti, hamwe n'okwemeka omugabe wa Iteso, Emorimor Papa Paphrus Imodot Edimu. N'obu haraabe habeiho obusinguzi omu kumaraho obwimukyeero n'okugarukanisa aba Teso abarikuhakanisa Museveni, ekicweka kya Teso kikiri kimwe aha bicweka ebirikusingayo obworo omu Uganda, kandi aba Iteso nibahurira barekirweho omu by'obutegyeki n'eby'entaasya, ekirikureetera obwesigye bwingi omu bwebembezi bwa Museveni.[7]
Okugaba
[edit | edit source]Uganda.
Omu Uganda, aba Iteso nibatuura munonga omu kicweka kya Teso.disiturikiti za Amuria, Bukedea, Butebo, Kaberamaido, Kapelebyong, Katakwi, Kumi, Ngora, Serere na Soroti, kwonka nazo nizishangwa omuri Bugiri na Pallisa, hamwe na disiturikiti za Tororo na Busia.
Kurugirira aha ripoota y'ekitongore ky'eby'embaririra ekya Uganda ekya 2014, aba Iteso nibaingana nka miriyoni 2.36 (ebicweka 7 ahari igana eby'abantu ba Uganda.[9] Kuhika 1980, nibo babaire bari orunganda rya kabiri erurikukirayo obuhango omu Uganda; ekicweka eki ky'abantu nikibaasa kuba kikyendeire ahabw'okuba aba Teso bakahunga obutabanguko omu by'obutegyeki.[10]Aba Iteso abamwe nibagira ngu n'obwahati n'oruganda orwa kabiri omu Uganda, kandi nikigambwa ngu omuhendo ogu gukyendeziibwe okukyendeeza amaani g'eby'obutegyeki nk'oku embaririra y'eihanga erikugabwa kurugirira aha bantu.[7]
Kenya
Hariho aba Iteso 578,000 omuri Kenya, abarikutuura munonga omuri Busia County, omu mashuuma g'orushozi Mt. Elgon. Nibakira kutuura omu magomborora abiri, Teso yamatemba na Teso yamashuuma, kwonka nibashangwa omuri Bugoma na Trans Nzoia County.
Emirimo y'eby'entaasya
[edit | edit source]Eby'obuhingi
Aba Iteso nibamanywa ahabw'okurahuka kukoresa enkoko aha ntandikwa y'emyaka ya 1900. [7] Abakazi bakahinga n'okurundaana ebyokurya, kandi abashaija bakaba bariisa amatungo gaabo.[11]
Pamba nikyo kihingwa kikuru omu iteso.[4]Nikihingwa abashaija n'abakazi omu poloti ezitari zimwe omu bwire bw'enjura nkye. Ekindi kihingwa ekirikuguzibwa n'etaabe.[11]Omu myaka ya 1980, amakorero ga pamba agarikushagikwa gavumenti ya Kenya, gakaremwa kushashura pamba eyaaabaire ehingirwe aba Iteso n'abandi. Aba Iteso bakatandika kukoresa ebihingwa ebindi nk'etaabe, barikwejunisa zaarooni kuruga omu kampuni z'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa. Kwonka, okuruga omu mwaka gwa 1990, amakorero ga pamba gakagaruka gatandika.[11]
Oburiisa
Oburiisa bukaba buri obw'entaatsya y'amaani omuri Iteso, namunonga abashaija.[11]Ente nizikora omurimo muhango omu bantu ba Iteso, ahabw'okuba nizikora omurimo muhango omu kuteesa aha bishare by'abagore hamwe n'emikoro endiijo y'omugasho. Taata ku arikuha omutabani ente ze, nikyoreka ngu omutabani akuzire, naabaasa kureeberera eitaka rye kandi atandike eka ye.[8]
Eby'obuhangwa
[edit | edit source]Eby'okurya
Eby'okurya ebikuru eby'aba Iteso, n'eby'okurya ebirikwetwa akima hamwe n'eby'okurya ebirikwetwa imomwa. [12]Omu bwire bw'amatware, muhogo ekareetwa ab'obushoboorozi bw'amatware nk'eky'okurya.[11]Nibarya n'ebihimba, ebijuma by'omu kishaka, entangawuuzi, enyama y'amatungo g'omuka hamwe n'ag'omumarindiro, hamwe n'amate, butto hamwe n'ebyenyanja .[13]
Ekyokunywa ky'obuhangwa bw'abantu ba Iteso ni ajon, ekyokunywa eki, kikozirwe kuruga omu mwani gwomire (okukira munonga ogw'ekika kya emiroiti) ekirikukira kunywerwa aha mikoro y'ekyaaro, enteerane z'abantu hamwe n'emikoro mikuru. Nikibaasa kunywebwa omu kabombo, nainga ekiyungu ky'abantu boona, ahu abarikukinywa barikutwara amaizi kuruga omu mipiira emihango.[14][15]N'omucwe gw'okurinda omukazi owaaheza kuzaara omu ka kumara ebiro bishatu, kandi bwanyima, ayoni neeteebwa omumunwa gw'omwana. Abakurisitaayo abamwe nibahakanisa emigyenzo eyehinguririize ajon.[15]Omu bunaku obu, okukora amaarwa kihindukire eky'obushuubuzi, kandi okukora n'okuguza n'oburugo bw'esente bw'amaani aha maka agarikukoresa amaarwa.[14]
Omu buhangwa, abantu ba Teso bakaba nibakunda kweshongora n'okuzina ebyeshongoro by'abantu ebirikwegyesa aha mikoro etari emwe. Ebyeshongoro ebi birimu Ataikatiaka Kitiso, ekirikukwata aha kukwatanisa kw'abantu ba Teso, Akadai Imojong, ekyeshongoro ky'okuheereza ekitiinisa n'okureeberera abakuru, hamwe n' Iyalama Imojong ekirikusiima abakuru n'ebindi.[16]abantu b'e iteso nabo baine emikoro yaabo y'eby'obuhangwa okukira munonga aha mushozi gwa kakapel ebiro 26 Okwaikumi na kumwe buri mwaka, ahu emikoro y'eby'obuhangwa erikukorerwa
Hanyima y'okufa
Kurugiirira aha migyenzo y'omunwa, Oduk niwe yaabaire aine obujunanizibwa bw'okukuura emibiri kuruga omu bishaka bwanyima y'emyaka mingi.[3]Ediini y'enzaarwa eya Iteso neegira ngu okufa, omubiri nigutaanisibwa n'omwoyo gwayo (eparait'), ogurikuza kutuura omu kishaka. Ekirikukirayo oburungi, omwoyo niguguma nigugyenda omu kishaka, kwonka emyoyo etarikwetegyerezibwa neebaasa kugaruka kutabangura abahuriire, erikushaba eby'okurya n'eby'okunywa.[17]Okwiha emibiri omu itaka bwanyima y'emyaka mikye n'ekigyendererwa ky'okugihuumuriza, n'okugihindura ey'omugasho ahabantu abaine amagara. Aba Iteso abaingi tibarikwenda, nainga nibatiina kuziikwa omu shanduukye, barikwikiriza ngu tibarikubaasa 'kufukiirirwa', ekirikubareetera okuziikuura abafiire.[17]
Ahabw'obujunaanizibwa bw'abamiishani, emyoyo y'abafiire ekwataniisibwe na ajokin, ebitonde bikye by'omu kishaka, kandi byombi bikwataniisibwe na sitaane.[17]
Ediini
Abajungu batakatandikire, aba Iteso bakaba nibaikiriza omuri ruhanga ow'amaani goona orikwetwa Akuj, hamwe na Ruhanga w'ebihikiirizi orikwetwa Edeke. Abajwekyerwa bakagyendera aha bihandiiko hamwe n'abahandiiki b'ediini abaheirwe omugabekazi wa Sheba omuri Ethiopia omugabe Sulemaani.
Abantu abarikumanywa munonga
[edit | edit source]Jessica Alupo, omuhwezi w'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Uganda
Anita Annet Among, Sipiika w'eishengyero rya Uganda
Jeje Odongo, minisita w'enshonga z'aheeru
Christine Apolot, omutegyeki wa Uganda
Sospeter Ojamong, Ow'eby'obutegyeki Kenya
John Bosco Ikojo, ow'eby'obutegyeki omu Uganda
Kevin Ojinga Kaala, ow'eby'obutegyeki
Mike Mukula, ow'eby'obutegyeki
Musa Francis Ecweru, minisita w'eihanga ow'eby'obutegyeki Emirimo n'ebyengyenda omu kabineti ya Uganda
Enoch Olinga, omwebembezi w'enyikiriza ya Bahá'u'lláh, omurwanirizi wa Bahá'u'lláh kandi akatooranwa nk'omukono gw'ekigyendererwa
Olubayi Olubayi, Purofeesa kandi omureeberezi
Patricia Apolot, omukazi omunyayuganda omukugu omu by'okurwanisa Proscovia Alengot Oromait, omu by'obutegyeki Aha myaka ikumi na mwenda, niwe yaabaire ari omuny'eishengyero orikukirayo obuto omu Uganda na Afirika.
Silas Aogon, ow'eby'obutegyeki omu Uganda
Shaban Opolot, ofiisa w'amahe omu Uganda
Ferdinand Omurwa, omwiruki
Peter Elwelu (Major General) owa Kenya, omuhwezi wa mukuru w'amahe ga Uganda obwahati.
Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho
[edit | edit source]- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-4
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-5
- 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:6-6
- 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:8-7
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:3-8
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-mwakikagile-9
- 1 2 3 4 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:1-10
- 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:4-11
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-12
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-13
- 1 2 3 4 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:2-14
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-15
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:0-16
- 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:9-17
- 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:10-18
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-19
- 1 2 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_people#cite_note-:5-20