Wp/nyn/Spain

Spain,omu butongore obugabe bwa Spain, n'eihanga eriri omu mashuuma n'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eririmu ebicweka omu matemba ga Africa. N'eihanga eririkusingayo obuhango omu mashuuma ga Europe, n'eihanga rya kana eririmu abantu baingi omuri European Union (EU). N'eihanga eririkusinga obwingi omuri Iberian Peninsula, eririmu ebizinga bya Canary, omuri Eastern Atlantic Ocean, ebizinga bya Balearic, omuri mashuuma ga Mediterranean Sea, hamwe n'endembo za Ceuta na Melilla, omuri mashuuma ga Africa.Ekizinga kya Spain kiine ensharo na Bufaransa, Andorra, hamwe n'ekizinga kya Biscay omu matemba gaayo; omuri burugwa izooba n'omumashuuma n'enyanja ya Mediterranean hamwe na Gibraltar; kandi omuri burugwa izooba na Portugal hamwe n'enyanja ya Atlantic. Orurembo rwa Spain orukuru kandi orurikukirayo obuhango n'orwa Madrid; endembo ezindi ez'amaani ni Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, hamwe na Palma de Mallorca.

Omu bwire bukuru, ekicweka kya Iberian Peninsula kikatuurwamu aba Celts, Iberians, hamwe n'abantu abandi abaabaire batakabaireho Abarooma. Abarooma okuhangura ekicweka kya Iberian peninsula kikareetaho eihanga rya Hispania, eryabaire ery'oburoma kandi bwanyima rikahinduka ery'abakristaayo. Bwanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma obw'oburengyerwa-izooba, ekicweka ekyo kikasingwa enganda kuruga omuri Buraaya eya rwagati, omuri Toledo. Omu kutandika kw'ekyasha kya munaana, ekicweka ekirikukira obwingi kikasinga obutegyeki bwa Umayyad Caliphate, na Al-Andalus ahagati ya Cordoba. Obukama bw'abakurisitaayo omumatemba ga Iberia bukataho ekicweka ekirikwetwa Reconquist, mporampora kyabinga obutegyeki bw'abasiraamu kuruga omu kicweka ekyo, kyahwaho n'okugwa kw Okukwatanisa kw'obugabe bw'obugabe bwa Castile hamwe n'obugabe bwa Aragon omuri 1479 ahansi y'obugabe bw'abakaturiki, nikureebwa nk'okukwatanisa kwa Spain nk'eihanga.

Enkora y'ebigambo

Eiziina rya Spain (Spain) nirikuruga omuri Hispania, eiziina eryakozesibwa Abarooma aba ira kukoresa ekicweka kya Iberian Peninsula omu bwire bwa Roman Republic hamwe n'obugabe bwa Rooma. Enkora y'ekigambo Hispania terikwetegyerezibwa.

Aba Phoenicians bakaba nibagamba aha kicweka eki nka i-shphan-im, ekirikubaasa kuba nikimanyisa 'ensi y'obume nainga enshekye', 'ensi y'ebyoma', nainga 'ekizinga ky'omumatemba'. Esente z'abarooma ezakozirwe omu kicweka eki kuruga omu butegyeki bwa Hadrian nizooreka ekishushani ky'omukazi n'obumyuga aha bigyere bye, kandi Strabo akaryeta 'eitaka ry'obume'.

Ebyafaayo

Okucondooza aha by'obuhangwa omuri Atapuerca nikyoreka ngu ekicweka kya Iberian Peninsula kikaba kirimu abantu abarikwetwa hominids emyaka miriyoni 1,3 enyima.

Abantu ab'omurembe nibatandika kuhika omuri Iberia kuruga omu matemba ga Iberia emyaka nka 35,000 enyima. Ebintu ebirikumanywa munonga ebirikukwata aha kutuura kw'abantu aba ira, nibyo ebishushani ebiri omu mpuku ya Altamira omuri Cantabria omu matemba ga Iberia, ebyakozirwe kuruga omuri 35,600 kuhisya 13,500 BCE kuruga omuri Cro-Magnon. Obujurizi oburikukwata aha by'obuhangwa n'obuhangwa nibworeka ngu Iberia Peninsula ekakora nk'emwe aha buhungiro bw'amaani obu abantu b'omumatemba ga Yuropa abantu bakagaruka batuuraho ahanyima y'obwire bwa barafu obuhwaire.

Obukama bwa Spain

Omuri 1469, engure z'obugabe bw'abakristaayo eza Castile na Aragon zikakwatanisibwa ahabw'obushwere bw'abagabe baabo, Isabella I na Ferdinand II. Omuri 1492, Abayudaaya bakagyemeserezibwa kuronda ahagati y'okuhindukira omu bukatoliki nainga okubingwa; Abayudaaya abarikuhika 200,000 bakabingwa omuri Castile na Aragon. Omwaka 1492 gukareetaho okuhika kwa Christopher Columbus omu nsi ensya, omu rugyendo orwashabirwe Isabella. Orugyendo rwa Columbus orw'okubanza rukacwekanisa enyanja ya Atlantic kandi rukahika aha bizinga bya Caribbean, okutandika okucondooza n'okusingura America.

Eby'obutegyeki

Ebyafaayo bya Spain eby'engyenderwaho y'eihanga bikaruga omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga rya 1812. Omu kwezi kwa mukaaga 1976, omugabe wa Spain omusya Juan Carlos akabinga Carlos Arias Navarro yaataho omuhinduzi Adolfo Suárez nk'enganzi y'eihanga. Oburuuru bwa boona obwarugiremu omuri 1977 buketa Constituent Cortes (eishengyero rya Spain, omu bushoborozi bwaryo nk'orukiiko rw'engyenderwaho y'eihanga) ahabw'ekigyendererwa ky'okuhandiika n'okwikiriza engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1978. Bwanyima y'akaruuru k'amahanga goona akaabaireho ebiro 6 Okwaikumi na kumwe, 1978, abateezi b'akaruuru 88% bakaikiriza engyenderwaho y'eihanga. N'ekyarugiremu, Spain ekabaasa kuhinduka kuruga omu butegyeki bw'ekibiina kimwe kuza omu butegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki oburimu ebicweka 17 ebirikwetegyeka hamwe n'ebibuga bibiri ebirikwetegyeka. Ebyanga ebi nibishemererwa n'obutegyeki bw'emiringo etari emwe ahabw'engyenderwaho y'eihanga rya Spain, ekirikworeka butunu okukwatanisa kw'eihanga rya Spain.

Kurugirira aha kitongore kya International IDEA ekya Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices and Democracy Tracker, Spain neekora kurungi munonga omu by'obugabe bw'okusharamu hamwe n'oburingaaniza.