Wp/nyn/Netherlands
| part of | Kingdom of the Netherlands, European Union, Benelux, Western Europe  |
|---|---|
| inception | 19 January 1795 |
| official name | Nederland |
| native label | Nederland |
| participant in | Pacific War |
| official language | Dutch |
| anthem | Wilhelmus |
| culture | culture of the Netherlands |
| motto | Je maintiendrai |
| motto text | Je maintiendrai |
| continent | Europe |
| country | Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| capital | Amsterdam |
| located in the administrative territorial entity | Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| located in time zone | UTC+01:00, UTC+02:00 |
| coordinate location | 52°19′0″N 5°33′0″E |
| coordinates of easternmost point | 53°10′49″N 7°13′39″E |
| coordinates of northernmost point | 53°27′59″N 6°44′50″E |
| coordinates of southernmost point | 12°1′26″N 68°14′52″W |
| coordinates of westernmost point | 12°17′2″N 68°24′52″W |
| geoshape | Data:Nederland.map |
| highest point | Mount Scenery |
| lowest point | Zuidplaspolder |
| basic form of government | parliamentary monarchy, constitutional monarchy |
| office held by head of state | King of the Netherlands |
| head of state | William Alexander of the Netherlands |
| office held by head of government | Prime Minister of the Netherlands |
| head of government | Dick Schoof |
| has cabinet | Cabinet of the Netherlands |
| executive body | Government of the Netherlands |
| legislative body | States General |
| highest judicial authority | Supreme Court of the Netherlands |
| central bank | De Nederlandsche Bank |
| currency | euro |
| owner of | The Milkmaid, Girl with a Pearl Earring, Het Loo Palace, Novagraaf |
| shares border with | Germany, Belgium |
| driving side | right |
| electrical plug type | Schuko, Europlug |
| replaces | United Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| language used | Dutch |
| described at URL | https://www.publico.pt/2020/01/02/mundo/noticia/holanda-muda-nome-lugar-paises-baixos-1899020 |
| hashtag | Netherlands |
| top-level Internet domain | .nl |
| flag | flag of the Netherlands |
| coat of arms | coat of arms of the Netherlands |
| geography of topic | geography of the Netherlands |
| has characteristic | free country |
| history of topic | history of the Netherlands |
| list of monuments | list of war memorials in Nederland |
| most populous urban area | Amsterdam |
| open data portal | Open Data Portal Netherlands |
| economy of topic | economy of the Netherlands |
| demographics of topic | demographics of the Netherlands |
| WordLift URL | http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/netherlands_2 |
| mobile country code | 204 |
| telephone country code | +31 |
| trunk prefix | 0 |
| emergency phone number | 112, 911 |
| GS1 country code | 870-879 |
| licence plate code | NL |
| Unicode character | 🇳🇱 |
| category for honorary citizens of entity | Category:Honorary citizens from the Netherlands |
| Lemmy instance URL | https://feddit.nl |
Budaaki, omu butongore ni Holland, n'eihanga omumatemba g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Buraaya, n'ebicweka by'aheeru omuri Caribbean. N'eihanga eririkusingayo obuhango omu mahanga ana ag'obugabe bwa Budaaki. [1] Budaaki erimu amasaza ikumi na abiri; erikuhikaana na Bugirimaani omuri burugw'izooba na Bubirigi omuri mashuuma, hamwe n'enyanja y'omumatemba n'oburengyerwa-izooba. Nikigabana ensharo z'enyanja na Bungyereza, Bugirimaani na Bubirigi. [1] Orurimi rukuru n'oruholandi, hamwe n'orurimi rwa West Frisian nk'orurimi rwa kabiri omu kicweka kya Friesland. [1] Orudaaki, orungyereza hamwe na papiamento n'ez'obutegyeki omu byanga bya Caribbean. Abantu abarikuruga omuri Budaaki nibeetwa aba Budaaki. [15]
Budaaki nikimanyisa "amahanga ag'ahansi" ahabw'oburaingwa bwayo bukye hamwe n'oburengye bw'ensi, ebicweka 26% biri ahansi y'omutindo gw'enyanja. [16], Emyanya erikukira obwingi eri ahansi y'omutindo gw'enyanja, erikwetwa polders, nikirugirira aha kuhunduuza eitaka okwatandikire omu kyasha kya 14. [7] Omu bwire bwa Republican, obwatandikire omuri 1588, Budaaki ekataaha omu bwire bw'omutaano obw'obukuru bw'eby'obutegyeki, eby'entaasya, hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa, omu mwanya gw'amaani n'amaani omuri Buraaya hamwe n'ensi yoona; obwire obu nibumanywa nka Dutch Golden Age. [18], Omu bwire obu, kampuni zaayo ez'ebyobushubuzi, ekitongore kya Buholandi ekya East India Company hamwe n'ekya Buholandi ekya West India Company, bikataho amatware hamwe n'emyanya y'obushubuzi omunsi yoona. [19], [20]
Ahabw'abantu abarikuhingura obukaikuru 18, boona nibatuura omu mwanya ogurikwingana 41,850 km2 (16,160 sq mi) ngaho eitaka n'erya 33,500 km2 (12,900 sq mi) Netherlands niyo eihanga rya 33 eririkukirayo obwingi bw'abantu, eririmu abantu 535 buri square kilomita (1,390 abantu/sq N'obu kiraabe kiri kityo, n'eihanga rya kabiri omunsi yoona omu by'okurya n'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ahabw'eitaka rirungi, embeera y'obwire nungi, obuhingi n'oburiisa bw'amaani, hamwe n'okujumbura. [21] [22] [23] Endembo ina ezirikusingayo obuhango omuri Budaaki ni Amsterdam,Rotterdam,The Hague na Utrecht. [24], Amsterdam niryo rurembo orurikukirayo abantu baingi omu ihanga kandi n'orurembo orukuru, n'obu ebitongore by'eby'obutegyeki by'eihanga ebikuru biri omuri Hague. [25]. Budaaki etwire eri eihanga ry'obutegyeki eririkwetengwa kuruga omuri 1848. Eihanga riine engyenderwaho y'okushoroora abantu omu guruupu kurugirira aha diini hamwe n'enyikiriza y'eby'obutegyeki hamwe n'ebyafaayo by'okugumisiriza abantu, okurekura ebikorwa by'obwamaraaya hamwe n'okwita abantu, hamwe n'okurinda ebiragiro by'okukoresa emibazi erikutokooza obwonko. Budaaki ekaikiriza abakazi okuteera akaruuru omuri 1919 kandi ekaba eri eihanga ry'okubanza kuragiira obushwere bw'abantu b'ekikura kimwe omu 2001. [26]. Ebyentatsya yaayo erikukuratirwa eby'obushuubuzi, niyo erikukirayo oburungi omu nsi yoona. Orurembo rwa Hague niryo rwiine entebe y'eihanga ry'amahanga goona, aba minisita, hamwe na kooti enkuru. [27]. Ekishaayi kya Rotterdam nikyo kirikukirayo kukora munonga omuri Buraaya. [ 28) Ekishaayi ky'enyonyi ekya Schiphol nikyo kirikukirayo kukora munonga omuri Budaaki, kandi nikyo kya kana omuri Buraaya. Ahabw'okugira ngu n'eihanga eririkutunguuka, Budaaki n'omwebembezi w'ekibiina ky'amahanga ga Buraaya, euro, G10, NATO, OCDE, na WTO, hamwe n'ekicweka ky'ekicweka kya Schengen hamwe n'ekibiina kya Benelux. Nitebeekanisa ebitongore by'amahanga goona hamwe na kooti z'amahanga goona, ezimwe aharizo ziri omuri Hague. [29].
Enkora y'ebigambo
[edit | edit source]Budaaki hamwe n'amahanga ga Netherlands
[edit | edit source]Amahanga agarikukora ekicweka eki, nigetwa amahanga gahansi (Netherlands,Belgium,na Luxembourg) goona gaine eiziina ry'omwanya eririkushushana. Amaziina g'emyanya nka Neder, Nieder, Neder, Nether, Lager(r) nainga Low(er) (omu ndimi za German) hamwe na Bas nainga Inferior (omu ndimi za Roman) nigakoresibwa omu myanya eri ahansi omuri Yuropu yoona. Abarooma bakakora entaaniso ahagati y'amasaza g'Abarooma aga Germany eyahansi (obwahati ekicweka kya Bubirigi na Budaaki) hamwe na Germany eyahaiguru. N'ahabw'ekyo, omubikwatireine n'amahanga gahansi hamwe na Budaaki, omwanya gw'ekicweka eki ekyahansi guri ahansi y'amaizi haihi n'enyanja, wagyeragyeranisa n'ekicweka ekyahaiguru ekya Germany Superior. Ekitongore kya 'Low' kikagaruka omu kyasha kya 10 ekya Duchy of Lower Lorraine, ekyabaire nikyoreka amahanga gahansi. [30], [31]
Dukes of Burgundy bakakoresa ekigambo les pays de par deçà ("ensi eziri aha") aha mahanga ga Netherlands. [1] Ahansi y'obutegyeki bwa Habsburg, eki kikahinduka pays d'embas ("ensi ahansi-aha"). Eki kikavunuurwa nka Neder-lande omu bihandiiko ebikuru ebya Budaaki eby'obwire obwo. [34]. Okuruga omu kitongore, Budaaki nayo ekaba eri omwanya oguri ahagati y'omugyera Meuse hamwe n'ogwahansi ogwa Rhine omu myaka ya ahagati. Kuruga ahagati y'ekyasha kya ikumi na mukaaga, "amahanga gahansi" hamwe na "Netherlands" bikarugaho amakuru gaabyo.
Omu ndimi ezirikukira obwingi ezirikukoresa orurimi rwa Roman, ekigambo "amahanga gahansi" nikikoresibwa nk'eiziina rya Budaaki.
Eby'obuhangwa
[edit | edit source]Eihanga rya Budaaki erya Buraaya riine omwanya gwa 41,543 km2 (16,040 sq mi), otwariiremu amaizi, hamwe n'eitaka rya 33,481 km2 (12,927 sq mi). Caribbean Netherlands eine omwanya ogurikwingana 328 km2 (127 sq mi).[116] Eri ahagati ya latitude 50° na 54° N, hamwe na longitude 3° na 8° E.
Budaaki eri ahansi munonga kurugirira aha rurengo rw'enyanja kandi neetwarwa nk'eihanga eririkwera, eririkwingana ebicweka 26% by'eitaka ryaryo [16], kandi ebicweka 21% by'abantu baayo [17]. Ekicweka kya Buraaya eky'eihanga, ekirikukira obwingi n'ekicweeka, okwihaho ensozi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba, kuhisya aha busha bwa mita 322 (fuuti 1,056) aha nshozi za Vaalserberg, hamwe n'enshozi nkye omu bicweka by'ahagati.
Emyanya erikukira obwingi eri ahansi y'omutindo gw'enyanja, nereetwa okwihaho amabaare g'omu itaka nainga erikuhikwaho kurabira omukugarura busya eitaka. Kuruga aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 16, ebicweka ebihango bikagumaho kurabira omu mikutu y'amaizi erikutwariramu ebikondo, emifuregye hamwe n'emyanya y'okupangisa amaizi. Ekicweka kihango ky'eihanga kikakorwa amaizi g'emigyera eshatu mikuru omuri Buraaya: Rhine (Rijn), Meuse (Maas) hamwe na Scheldt (Schelde), hamwe n'emigyera yaago. Ekicweka ky'amashuuma g'oburengyerwizooba bwa Budaaki n'ekicweka ky'emigyera egi, ekya Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta. [117]
Budaaki ya Buraaya, ekabaganisamu ekicweka ky'amatemba n'amashuuma, omugyera Rhine, Waal, amataagi gaayo amahango, hamwe n'omugyera Meuse. Emigyera egi ekakora nk'ekiziburo ky'obuhangwa ahagati y'obutegyeki, n'ahabw'ekyo omu byafaayo ekareetaho okwebaganisamu kw'eby'obuhangwa, nk'oku kirikworekwa omu bigambo ebimwe ebirikwetegyerezibwa aha rubaju rumwe n'orumwe rw'ebyo ebi aba Dutch barikweta "Great Rivers" (de Gro Eitaagi erindi ery'omugasho ery'omugyera Rhine, omugyera IJssel, nirishuka omunyanja IJssel, eyabaire eri Zuiderzee (enyanja y'amashuuma). Nk'ekyabandize,omugyera ogu nigureetaho entaaniso y'endimi: abantu b'omumatemba g'oburengyerwa-izooba bw'omugyera ogu nibagamba endimi za Budaaki eza Saxon (okwihaho eihanga rya Friesland, eriine orurimi rwaryo). [119].
Eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi
[edit | edit source]Budaaki neekira kukorwa deltaic, coastal hamwe na aeolian sediments omu bwire bwa Pleistocene glacial hamwe na inter glacial. [119]
Haihi amahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Budaaki goona, nigakorwa amaizi g'omugyera Rhine-Meuse. Omu burugw'izooba bwa Budaaki, ebisigaire nibisangibwa omu bwire bwa barafu obw'ahamuheru, obwahwaire emyaka rukumi enyimaho. Obu barafu y'eihanga yaabaire neetambura kuruga omu matemba, ekareetera amaizi g'omunyanja kuza omu maisho. Omuzira gukemereera ahabwokuba gukashweka ekicweka ky'oburugwa izooba bwa Budaaki. Bwanyima y'obwire bwa barafu kuhwa, enyanja ekaguma omu muringo gw'orushozi rureingwa. Endembo za Arnhem na Nijmegen, zikozirwe aha nshozi ezi. 120