Wp/nyn/Iran
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| part of | Middle East, West Asia  |
|---|---|
| inception | 1 April 1979 |
| name in native language | جمهوری اسلامی ایران |
| official name | جمهوری اسلامی ایران |
| native label | ایران |
| short name | Иран |
| IPA transcription | ɪˈɹɑːn, ɪˈɹæn, ʔiːˈɾɒn, i⁵⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴, i⁵⁵ lɑ̃²¹ |
| named after | Aryan |
| official language | Persian |
| anthem | National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran |
| culture | culture of Iran |
| motto | Takbir |
| motto text | استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Iran |
| capital | Tehran |
| located in time zone | UTC+03:30, Iran Standard Time Zone, Asia/Tehran |
| located in or next to body of water | Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman |
| coordinate location | 32°0′0″N 53°0′0″E |
| coordinates of easternmost point | 27°7′1″N 63°20′0″E |
| coordinates of northernmost point | 39°46′48″N 44°37′12″E |
| coordinates of southernmost point | 25°3′34″N 61°25′13″E |
| coordinates of westernmost point | 39°20′57″N 44°6′15″E |
| geoshape | Data:Iran.map |
| highest point | Damavand |
| lowest point | Caspian Sea |
| basic form of government | Islamic Republic, unitary state, presidential system, theocracy |
| office held by head of state | Supreme Leader of Iran |
| head of state | Ali Khamenei |
| office held by head of government | President of Iran |
| head of government | Masoud Pezeshkian |
| executive body | Government of Iran |
| legislative body | Islamic Consultative Assembly |
| central bank | Central Bank of Iran |
| currency | Iranian rial |
| driving side | right |
| electrical plug type | Europlug, Schuko |
| replaces | Pahlavi Iran |
| language used | Iranian Persian |
| significant event | Iranian Revolution |
| official website | https://president.ir/en |
| hashtag | Iran, iran |
| top-level Internet domain | .ir, ایران. |
| flag | flag of Iran |
| coat of arms | Emblem of Iran |
| geography of topic | geography of Iran |
| has characteristic | not-free country |
| history of topic | history of Iran |
| official religion | Islam |
| railway traffic side | left |
| open data portal | Iran Open Data |
| economy of topic | economy of Iran |
| demographics of topic | demographics of Iran |
| mobile country code | 432 |
| telephone country code | +98 |
| trunk prefix | 0 |
| emergency phone number | 110, 115, 125 |
| GS1 country code | 626 |
| licence plate code | IR |
| maritime identification digits | 422 |
| Unicode character | 🇮🇷 |
| category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Iran |
Iran, butongore nka Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), kandi neemanywa nka Persia, n’eihanga riri omu burengyerwa-izooba bwa Asia. Nikihana ensalo na Iraq omu burengyerwizooba, Turkey, Azerbaijan, na Armenia omu rurembo rw’oburengyerwizooba, enyanja ya Caspian omu matemba, Turkmenistan omu rurembo rw’amatemba, Afghanistan omu burengyerwa-izooba, na Pakistan omu mashuuma g’oburengyerwa-izooba.Eihanga rino rine abantu 92 miriyoni. Kiri mu mwanya gwa 17 omu nsi yoona omubwingi bw'abantu kandi niyo eihanga rya mukaaga eririkusingayo obuhango omuri Asia. Iran ekabaganisibwamu ebicweka bitaano n’amasaza 31. Tehran n’orurembo rukuru rw'eihanga, orurembo orurikukirayo obuhango, hamwe n’omwanya gw'eby’empiiha.
Ekicweka kihango kya Iran kikatandika kukwatanisibwa nk’ekitongore ky’eby’obutegyeki aba Medes ahansi y’obwebembezi bwa Caesar omu kyasha kya mushanju BCE kandi kyahika aha rurengo rw’amaani omu kyasha kya mukaaga BCE, obu Cyrus omukuru yatandikaho obugabe bwa Achemenid. Alexander omukuru akasingura obugabe omu kyasha kya kana BCE. Obwesharingo bwa Iran omu kyasha kya kashatu BCE, bukataho obutegyeki bwa Parthian, obwahwaireho obugabe bw’eihanga. Omu kyasha kya kashatu CE, aba Parthians bakasikirwa obutegyeki bwa Sasanian, obwareebire emyaka ya zaabu omu byafaayo by’entunguuka ya Iran.Omu bwire obu, Iran eya ira ekareeba bimwe aha ntunguuka y’okubanza omu by’okuhandiika, eby’obuhingi n’oburiisa, eby’orurembo, ediini hamwe n’obwebembezi. Omurundi gumwe nk’omwanya gw’enyikiriza ya Zoroastrianism, okusingura kw’abasiraamu omu kyasha kya mushanju CE kukareetaho obusiraamu omuri Iran. Okujumbura omu bihandiiko, ebiteekateeko, okubara, emibazi, eby’omu mwanya hamwe n’eby’emikono bikagarurwa busya omu bwire bw’obusiraamu obwa zaabu hamwe na Iran Intermezzo, obwire obu obwebembezi bw’abasiraamu omuri Iran bukamaraho obutegyeki bw’Abaarabu, reero bwagarura busya orurimi rw’Abaperesi. Omurembe ogu gukakuratirwa obutegyeki bwa Seljuk na Khwarazm, obuhanguzi bwa Mongol hamwe n’obuhanguzi bwa Timurid kuruga omu kyasha kya 11 kuhisya ekya 14.
Omu kyasha kya 16, obutegyeki bwa Safavid bukagaruka bwataho eihanga rya Iran eririkukwatanisa n'obusiraamu bwa Shiite ikumi na bubiri nk'ediini y'obutegyeki, ekyatandikaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga rya Iran ery'omurembe. Omu bwire bw'obugabe bwa Asharid omu kyasha kya 18,Iran ekaba eri eihanga ry'amaani omu nsi yoona, kwonka ekafeerwa ekitiinisa kyayo ahanyima y'aba Qajar kutwara obushoborozi omu myaka ya 1790. Omu kutandika kw'ekyasha kya 20, hakabaho empindahinduka y'engyenderwaho y'eihanga rya Persia hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Pahlavi kuruga ahari Reza Shah, owabingire omugabe wa Qajar Shah owahererukireyo omuri 1925. Bwanyima y'okutahirira Iran omuri 1941, mutabani we Mohammad Reza Pahlavi atwire omu bwebembezi. Okugyezaho kwa Mohammad Mosaddegh kutwara eby'amajuta omu ihanga kikareetaho okurwanisa obutegyeki bwa Amerika na Bungyereza omuri 1953. Empindahinduka omuri Iran omuri 1979 ekateeraho obutegyeki, Ruhollah Khomeini, omwebembezi w'eihanga akatandikaho Islamic Republic of Iran. Omuri 1980, Iraq ekatahirira Iran, ekyarugiremu orutaro rwa Iran na Iraq orwamazire emyaka munaana. Kuruga obwo Iran etweire omu ntaro n'eihanga rya Israel, Saudi Arabia, hamwe na Turkey; omuri 2025, okutahirira kwa Israel ahari Iran kukareetaho obunkenke omu rutaro rwa Iran na Israel.
Iran n'obutegyeki bw'obusiraamu oburikutegyekwa ebitongore ebirikuteerwa akaruuru n'ebitarakateerwa akaruuru, kandi obushoborozi oburikukirayo nibuheebwa omwebembezi orikukirayo oburungi. Obu Iran erikukora akaruuru, ab'eby'obutegyeki abakuru otwariiremu omwebembezi w'eihanga hamwe n'amahe tibarikubaasa kuteererwa akaruuru. Gavumenti ya Iran neetwaza kubi munonga kandi ejumirirwa munonga ahabw'obugabe bw'abantu bubi, otwariiremu okuzibira okurundaana, okugamba, n'abanyamakuru, hamwe n'okutwariza kubi abakazi, amahanga makye, hamwe n'abarikuhakanisa eby'obutegyeki. Abareebi kuruga omu mahanga agandi boorekire okwerarikirira ahabw'oburinganiza bw'oburuuru bwayo, namunonga okushwijuma abesimbireho ebitongore ebitarikutooranwa nka ekitongore kya Guardian Council. Iran eine entekateeka y'eby'entaasya erimu obugabe bw'eihanga omu bitongore ebikuru, n'obu eby'obushubuzi by'abantu buntu biriho. Iran n'eihanga ry'ahagati, ahabw'okurundaana amajuta maingi omu nsi yoona (otwariiremu omwika gw'obuhangwa ogw'omurundi gwa kabiri n'amajuta ag'omurundi gwa kashatu), omwanya gw'eby'obutegyeki, hamwe n'omurimo gwayo nk'omwanya gw'obusiraamu bwa Shiite omunsi yoona. Iran n'eihanga eririkwetegyerezibwa munonga eririkwetegyereza enteekateeka yaayo eya nukiriya, erikugira ngu n'ey'abantu ba buriijo bonka; Israel hamwe n'amahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba nibagaaniira aha nshonga egi. Iran n'eihanga ryatandikireho ekibiina ky'amahanga geeteeraine, OIC, OPEC, hamwe na ECO, kandi hati n'eihanga rya NAM, SCO, hamwe na BRICS. Iran eine emyanya 28 y'eby'obuhangwa omunsi yoona eya UNESCO (ey'omurundi gwa ikumi omunsi yoona) kandi ey'omurundi gwa kataano omu by'obuhangwa ebitarikureebeka.
Eiziina
[edit | edit source]Ekicweka eki n'ekicweka ky'eiziina rya Iran.
Omu byafaayo,Iran ekaba neeyetwa "Persia" omu mahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba. Nikyo kimwe, ekigambo ky'omurembe "Abaperesi" kikakoresibwa nk'eiziina ry'abatuuragye ba Iran boona, oihireho yaaba bakaba bari aba Peresi. Ebigambo ebi bikabaho kuhisya omuri 1935, obu, omu rukiiko rw'amahanga goona orwa Nowruz, omugabe wa Iran Reza Shah Pahlavi yaashaba omu butongore ngu abajwekyerwa b'amahanga g'aheeru batandike kukoresa ekigambo kimwe "Iran" omu kuhandiika. N'ekyarugiremu, "Iran" hamwe na "Iran" zikakoresibwa nk'ebigambo ebirikumanyisa eihanga hamwe n'abatuuragye baaryo. Bwanyima, omuri 1959, mutabani wa Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi akarangirira ngu kikaba kihikire kukoresa "Persia" na "Iran" omu kuhandiika. Abeegi baingi kuruga omu myaka yahagati, nk'omuhangu wa Khwarazm Al-Biruni, nabo bakakoresa ebigambo nka "Xuniras" (Avestan: Xvaniraθa-, transl. "ekyakozirwe, kitarikuhuumuriza ahari ekindi kintu kyona") kugamba ahari Iran: "ekiri ahagati y'ensi, [. .] . kandi nibwo bugabe obu turimu, kandi abagabe bakabweta obugabe bwa Iran. "