Wp/nyn/Gabon

Flag of Gabon

Gabon (/ɡəˈbɒn/ gə-BON; French pronunciation: [ɡabɔ̃] ^ⓘ),omu butongore, Gabonese Republic (French: République gabonaise), n'eihanga eriri aha rubaju rwa Atlantic omuri Afirika eya rwagati, aharurengo rwa Equatorial Guinea omu matemba ga burengyerwa eizooba, Cameroon omu matemba, Republic of Congo omuri burugwa izooba n'amashuuma, hamwe na Gulf of Guinea omuri burengyerwa eizooba.Kiine omwanya ogurikwingana kiromita 270,000 (square miles 100,000) hamwe n'abantu miriyoni 2.3. Hariho enyanja, enshozi (enshozi za Crystal n'enshozi za Chaillu Massif ahagati), hamwe na savanna omuri burugwa izooba. Libreville niryo kibuga ekikuru kandi ekikuru omu ihanga.

Ababaire nibatuura omuri Gabon bakaba bari aba Bambenga. Omu kyasha kya 14, aba Bantu nabo bakatandika kutuura omukyanga ekyo. Obukama bwa Orungu bukatebwaho haihi n'omwaka 1700. Bufaransa ekatwara ekicweka ekyo omu kyasha kya 19. Kuruga obu Gabon yatunga okwetegyeka kuruga omuri Bufaransa omu 1960, etungire abebembezi bana. Omu myaka ya 1990, ekatandikaho enkora y'ebibiina bingi hamwe n'engyenderwaho y'obutegyeki eyabaire negyenderera oburingaaniza omu by'oburuuru hamwe n'okuhindura ebitongore bya Gavumenti ebimwe. Oihireho eki, ekibiina kya Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) kikaguma nikyo kiine obushoborozi,kuhisya obu yaihirwe omu butegyeki omuri Gabon omuri 2023.

Ebyafaayo

Obutegyeki butakatandikire

Aba Bambega omu mwanya gw'abo, bakatwarwa amahanga g'abantu, nk'oku gafurukiire. Omu kyasha kya 18, obukama oburikugamba orurimi rwa Myeni, bukamanyibwa nk'obukama obwa Orungu akatandika nk'omwanya gw'ebyobushubuzi ogwabaire gurikubaasa kugura n'okuguza abahuuku, kandi gukahwaho obu bizinesi y'abahuuku yahwaho omu myaka ya 1870.

Obutegyeki bwa Bufaransa n'okwetegyeka

Omurambuzi Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza akebembera omurimo gwe gw'okubanza omuri Gabon-Congo omuri 1875. Akatandikaho orurembo Franceville kandi bwanyima akaba gavana w'amatware. Ebibiina bya Bantu ebimwe bikaba nibituura omu mwanya obu Bufaransa yaagutwara omu butongore omuri 1885.

Omuri 1910, Gabon ekahinduka eihanga rya French Equatorial Africa, ekitongore ekyabaireho kuhisya omu mwaka gwa 1958. Omu rutaro rw'ensi yoona orwa kabiri, abanyamahanga bakatahirira Gabon kubinga obutegyeki bw'amatware ga Vichy France. Ebiro 28 Okwaikumi na kumwe 1958, Gabon ekahinduka eihanga eririkwetegyeka omuri French Community, kandi ebiro 17 Okwamunaana 1960, ekaba eyetongoire kimwe.

Eby'obutegyeki

Enkora y'obwebembezi bw'eihanga neegambwaho omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1961 (eyashwijumwa omuri 1975 ,yahandiikwa omuri 1991 ,yahindurwa omuri 2003). Omwebembezi w'eihanga narondwa kurugirira ahakaruuru k'abantu boona kumara emyaka mushanju; empindahinduka y'engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 2003 ekareetaho ekikomo ky'ebisanja by'omwebembezi w'eihanga. Omwebembezi w'eihanga naabaasa kuronda n'okubinga enganzi y'eihanga, aba minisita, hamwe n'abaramuzi ba kooti ey'ahaiguru eyetongoire. Purezidenti aine obushoborozi obundi, nk'obushoborozi bw'okusharamu eishengyero ry'eihanga, okuranga embeera y'okwerinda, okurinda ebiragiro n'okukora akaruuru k'ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki. Gabon eine eishengyero ry'eby'obutegyeki eririmu orukiiko rw'eihanga hamwe n'orukiiko orukuru. Eishengyero ry'eihanga riine abajwekyerwa 120 abarikuteerwa akaruuru k'emyaka etaano. Senate erimu ba memba 102 abarikuteerwa akaruuru ka munisiparite hamwe n'enteerane z'ebyanga kandi bakaheereza kumara emyaka mukaaga. Senate ekatandikwaho omu kuhunduuza engyenderwaho y'eihanga okwa 1990-1991 kandi ekatandikaho bwanyima y'akaruuru k'ebyaro okwa 1997. Mukuru w'eishengyero niwe arikukurataho omwebembezi w'eihanga.

Eby'entaasya

Esente ezirikuruga omu majuta nizikora ebicweka 46% by'embaririra ya gavumenti, 43% by'ebintu ebirikukorwa omwihanga (GDP), hamwe na 81% by'ebintu ebirikuguzibwa aheeru y'eihanga. Okushohoza amajuta kukakyendeera kuruga ahamuhendo gw'ebipipa 370,000 buri eizooba omu mwaka gwa 1997. Okuteebereza okumwe nikugira ngu amajuta ga Gabon nigeija kuhwaho omwaka gwa 2025 gutakahikire. Enteekateeka nizitandika kukorwa ahanyima y'amajuta. Ekishaayi ky'amajuta ekya Grondin kikajumburwa omuri 1971 omubwiire bwa mita 50 (fuuti 160) omu maizi kiromita 40 (mailo 25) aha nyanja omu mutego gw'omwonyo ogurikwetengwa omuri Batanga sandstones z'emyaka ya Saturn, kwonka ebicweka nka 60% by'amajuta gaayo gakatwarwa omwaka gwa 1978.

Okuruga omwaka 2023, Gabon ekakora ebipipa nka 200,000 buriizooba (bpd) by'amajuta. Eby'entatsya ya Gabon nibigyendera munonga aha majuta hamwe n'ebintu ebindi eby'obuhangwa,ekirikurugwamu okuhindura obutare bw'ensi yoona hamwe n'akabi akarikuruga omu mbeera y'obwire.

Eby'obuhangwa

Eby'obuhangwa bwa Gabon, ebirikuruga omu buhangwa bw'omunwa kumara ebyafaayo byayo bingi, bikatandika kutunguuka n'okujanjaara kw'okuhandiika n'okuhandiika omu kyasha kya 21. Eihanga riine eby'obuhangwa n'eby'obuhangwa bingi, n'amaka g'eby'obuhangwa ebirikubiikwa kandi bikagabwa kuruga omu mirembe. Abakuumi b'eby'obuhangwa ebi, abarikumanywa nka "abarikugamba," nibakora okureeba ngu bigumizamu, barikureeberera engyenderwaho nk'okukoragana omu ba Fangs hamwe n'aba Ingwala omu ba Nzebi.

Ahagati y'ebyobuhangwa bwa Gabon n'obukookoro bwabwo, burikumwe n'omugasho gw'omutaano hamwe n'emikono. Omuri ebi harimu obukookoro oburikumanywa munonga obw'abantu b'e Fang hamwe n'obukookoro bw'abantu b'e kota. Obukookoro obu nibukora emirimo y'amaani omu mikoro etari emwe, otwariiremu n'obwo oburikujaguza emikoro y'omutaano nk'obushwere, okuzaarwa, n'okuziika. Zikozirwe abakugu omu by'obuhangwa barikukoresa emiti etari ya buriijo hamwe n'ebintu ebindi eby'omuhendo, obukookoro obu nibukora nk'oburyo bw'okworeka eby'emikono n'eby'obuhangwa.