Wp/nyn/Forum for Democratic Change

Ekibiina kya Forum for Democratic Change (FDC),n'ekibiina ekyatandikirweho ebiro 16 Okwa ikumi nibiri omuri 2004, ni kimwe aha bibiina by'obutegyeki ebirikuhakanisa gavumenti omu Uganda.

Ekibiina kya FDC kitandikirwe nk'ekitongore ekirikwetwa Reform Agenda, okukira munonga ekya ba memba n'abakuratsi b'ekibiina kya purezidenti Yoweri Museveni ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). Purezidenti w'ekibiina, Kizza Besigye, owaabaire ari munywani wa Museveni, akaba ari omwebembezi w'eihanga omu karuuru ka 2001, 2006, 2011 na 2016. Omu Kwa ikumi na kumwe omuri 2012, Mugisha Muntu akatooranwa nk'omwebembezi w'ekibiina kya FDC kuhisya Okwa ikumi na kumwe omuri 2017 obu yaasingurwa Patrick Oboi Amuriat omwebembezi w'ekibiina obwahati kuhisya omuri 2022.

Ekibiina kya FDC kitwire kiri kimwe aha bikuru ebirikuteganisa ekibiina kya NRM omu karuuru k'omwebembezi w'eihanga hamwe n'omujwekyerwa w'eishengyero omuri 2006, 2011, na 2016. Besigye niwe yaabaire ayesimbireho ahabwa mukuru w'eihanga omu kibiina, akatunga oburuuru 37 ahari igana kandi Museveni akatunga oburuuru 59 ahari igana. Besigye akeetomboitira obushomankuzi kandi yaayanga ebyarugire omu kuranga

Omu karuuru ka boona akaabaireho ebiro 23 okwa kabiri omuri 2006, ekibiina kikasinga entebe 37 ahari 289. Omu karuuru k'omwebembezi w'eihanga , Besigye akasingura n'obuchweka buna ahari igana bw'oburuuru. Omu karuuru ka 2011, ekibiina kikakora kubi munonga Besigye yaatunga 26. obuchweka 1 ahari igana bw'oburuuru kandi ekibiina kikasinga entebe 34.

Ebwafaayo

Entandiikwa y'ekibiina kya FDC neekwatanisa n'ebyafaayo by'ekibiina kya NRM ekiri omu butegyeki ekirikwebemberwa pureezidenti Museveni. Ekibiina kya NRM kurabira omu kicweka kyakyo eky'amahe ekya National Resistance Army (NRA) kikarwana orutaro rw'abaheekyera kurwanisa gavumenti ya Milton Obote na Tito Okello kandi kyaija omu bwebembezi omu Uganda omuri 1986. Omu rutaro rw'abaheekyera, Museveni akatunga obuhanguzi omu kukora guruupu z'eby'obutegyeki ezitarikushushana, kandi bwanyima y'okutunga obushoboorozi, akatandika kwombeka ekibiina kya NRM nk'ekibiina ky'eby'obutegyeki ekirikukwatanisa. Enkora y'empinduka hamwe n'ekyetengo ky'ekibiina kya NRM eky'okushanjuura enkora yaakyo omu by'obutegyeki, bikareetaho enshonga ezindi omu kibiina hamwe n'ekiteekateeko ky'abanyakibiina abakuru abamwe eky'okugira ngu tibarikwenda kwejumbira omu by'obutegyeki.

Museveni akaba ayegamiire munonga aha buhwezi bw'empungi Tutsi n'abaijukuru baabo abaabaire bagyemesereziibwe abahutu kuruga Rwanda omu myaka ya 1960. Omu rutaro rw'abaheekyera, NRA ekaba yaaruga omu disiturikiti ya Luwero eya rwagati kuza omu burengyerwaizooba bw'eihanga ahu Abatuutsi abaingi baabaire bateirwe. Ahaanyima y'okutunga obutegyeki, Abatuutsi nka Paul Kagame na Fred Gisa Rwigyema bakaheebwa emyanya y'amaani omu mahe na gavumenti.

Okurumba kwa NRA omuri Kampala kukabaho ahonaaho, kandi omu muringo ogu, abantu baingi bakaheebwa emirimo omu NRA. Abaingi aharibo bakaba nibaruga omu nganda za Museveni, aba Banyankole, hamwe n'enganda ezindi nk'aba Tooro. Ekibiina kya NRA ku kyagarukire omuri Buganda kurabira omu tawuni ya Masaka, enamba zaabyo zikongyerwamu Abaganda, abaingi abaaruga omu bicweka bitari bimwe na bimwe omuri Buganda kwegaita aha baheekyera. Abaingi aharibo, ekigyendererwa kyabo kikaba kiri eky'okwihaho gavumenti y'omumatemba. Hakabaho n'abo abaareebire omugisha gw'okukoresa ekibiina kya NRA kuhikiiriza ebigyendererwa bya Buganda eby'okwetegyeka.Okwebaganisamu omu kibiina kya NRM

Ekindi ekyabaire kiri eky'omugasho n'okutandika kw'ekibiina kya NRA kutaho abaserukare bato abarikutangaaza Museveni. Eki kikaba kitarikukira kusiimwa ba ofiisa ba NRA abakuru:

"Kandi akaba ari omunyabwengye ahabw'okugira ngu akaheereza emirimo abantu bato kandi abataine bumanyirizi, abarikwenda kumworobera. Baingi aharibo bakaba nibaruga omu yunivasite ninga abo abaabaire batakahikire aha ishomero. [1]

Abato abashomire bakatandika kutunga amaani omu kibiina kya NRM.

Baingi bakaba beegaitsire aha rutaro aha muheru narwo nainga bakaza omu kibiina kya NRM ahaanyima y'orutaro. Okuhayaahayana oku kukaba kuri okw'amaani kandi kurimu ekiniga: "Abantu baingi batutinisa, barikutweta (eminyeeto) abarikukoresa Museveni.". [1]

Ba kaadi bato hamwe n'empungi z'Abatuutsi, nibo batandikireho ekibiina kya NRM ekisya, kandi ekibiina kikaguma nikyeyongyera kureebeka nk'eky'enganda. Eby'obutegyeki bwa Uganda bitwire nibiteganisibwa okushoroora omu nganda, kandi abebembezi bato, ahabw'obushoborozi bwabo obutsya, bakaba nibahiga ab'eishe - emwe baabo kurondwa omu myanya mikuru omu gavumenti. Ba kaadi aba abaingi bakaba nibaruga omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda nka Museveni.

Enkora y'obwebembezi ekahwa amaani obu empungi z'Abatuutsi ezirikwebemberwa Fred Rwigema zaasharamu kugaruka omuri Rwanda kurwanisa gavumenti (Habyarimana). Okufeerwa abahabuzi b'amahe n'eby'obutegyeki abakuru munonga okukira munonga omu bitongore by'eby'okwerinda kikareetera Museveni oburemeezi. Ekibiina kya NRM kikareeba ngu kishemereire kwongyera amaani gaakyo, okurabira omu kworobya Abaganda (enganda ezirikukirayo obuhango omu Uganda) okwihaho omugabe waabo Kabaka, n'okwongyera abantu kuruga omu nganda ezindi omu mahe. Ekibiina kya NRM kikahamya omurimo gwakyo ogw'okugaruraho obusingye n'obutebeekana omu ihanga kandi kikaguma nikireetaho okutiina omu bantu b'omu mashuuma ngu amahe g'omu matemba ga Obote na Idi Amin nigabaasa kugaruka NRM yaaba eremirwe. Okutiina oku kukareetwaho orutaro rw'omu matemba orwabaire nirukorwa aba Lord's Resistance Army. Ekibiina kya NRM nakyo kikareetaho entunguuka omu by'entaasya omu mashuma ga Uganda.

Museveni ku yaatungire obwesigye obu, akatandika kurwanisa abo abaabaire nibahakanisa obushoborozi bwe omu kibiina kya NRM. Abaingi aharibo bakaba bari ba memba ba NRM/NRA ababandize, otwariiremu omuduumizi w'amahe Major General Mugisha Muntu hamwe n'abebembezi ba NRM abandi abaabaire baine amaani. Baingi aha beebembezi aba bakacwamu kuhumura omu disiturikiti zaabo, kwonka abandi nka Mugisha Muntu n'owaabaireho omugambirizi w'ekibiina kya NRM Winnie Byanyima, bakatandika kuhakanisa Museveni. Kwonka, kikaba nikireebeka nk'ekitari ky'omuhimbo gw'okuruga omu kibiina kya NRM, omu mwanya gw'okureetaho empinduka kuruga omunda.

Eki kikahinduka omu karuuru omuri 2001 ofiisa wa NRA owahuumwire Besigye kuyahakanisa Museveni ahabwa mukuru w'eihanga. Besigye akaba atarikumanywa aheeru y'ekibiina kya NRM/NRA, kwonka obumanzi bwe omu kwemerera omu karuuru bukareeta obushagiki.

Okutandikaho ekibiina kya Forum for Democratic Change

Ekibiina kya FDC kikatandikirwe omu butongore omu omuri 2004. Besigye akaba yaaza omu buzaahe omuri United States na South Africa. Entandikwa y'ekibiina, ekaba eri omu Uganda, ahu ba memba ba NRM baingi abaabaire batashemerereirwe baabaire nibarwanirira enteekateeka y'okutandikaho ekibiina ky'eby'obutegyeki ky'okuhakanisa Museveni. Ekigyendererwa eki kikongyerwa obu Museveni yahindura engyenderwaho y'eihanga kumwikiriza kwesimbaho omurundi gwa kashatu nk'omwebembezi w'eihanga. Eki kikashaasha abazirwanireho aba NRM abaabaire bagumire omu kibiina kya NRM barinzire kutwara obu Museveni yaaruga omu ntebe. Empindahinduka ekajumirirwa bamwe ahabanywani ba Museveni ab'ahamara nka Eriya Kategaya owaabaire nareebwa abantu baingi nk'omuhendo gwa kabiri omu kibiina kya NRM/NRA. Ab'orubaju orurikuhabura gavumenti tibarabaasize kuta omutima ahari Museveni obwahati owaabaire akeemerera omu kibiina kya NRM.

Ekibiina kya FDC kikagasirwa omu butabanguko obu, kandi Besigye ku yaagarukire omu Uganda, akashanga ekibiina kya FDC kiine obushagiki bwingi n'omu kibiina kya NRM. Enshonga egi ekareetera Museveni kukwata Besigye. N'obu kyabaire kitarikwetegyerezibwa ngu Besigye naabaasa kusingura Museveni omu karuuru, eky'okuba ngu akaba naashagikwa aba memba ba NRA (obwahati erikwetwa Uganda People's Defence Force) kikareetaho okwebaganisamu omu mahe. Ekibiina kya FDC kikaba kiine abaabaireho abaduumizi ba NRM, otwariiremu n'owaabaireho omuduumizi w'amahe Mugisha Muntu. Enshonga endiijo n'okugira ngu ab'eby'obutegyeki aba baingi bakaba nibaruga omu kicweka kimwe na Museveni, n'ahabw'ekyo, bakaba nibabaasa kutunga obuhwezi kuruga omu mbuga za purezidenti.

Okukwatwa kwa Besigye, kikaba enshobi y'eby'obutegyeki eyongyeire amaani omu kibiina kya FDC. Kwonka ekibiina kikatandika kubonabona ahabwa obusinguzi bwakyo. Abaabaireho ba memba ba NRM abarikumanywa munonga bakaba batarikwenda kuhakanisa Museveni omu bantu. Ab'eby'obutegyeki nka Eriya Kategaya, owaabaire ari omwebembezi w'ekibiina kya FDC, bakaba bataine maani. Ekindi ekyabaire nikizibira n'okugira ngu gavumenti ekataho obukwakurizo bwingi aha bushoboorozi bwa Besigye obw'okukora ehururu y'eihanga ryona. FDC ekaba nemanywa munonga omu ndembo nk'orurembo rwa Kampala, kwonka ahabw'obwire bukye bw'ehururu, ekaba etarikubaasa kukora kurungi omu byaro ahu abantu 70 ahari igana barikutuura. Ekibiina kya NRM kikakoresa amaani maingi omu kuronda akaruuru omu myanya y'ebyaro n'omu ndembo nkye.

Ekibiina kya FDC na Besigye nabo bakaba nibamanywa munonga omu matemba, ahu abantu batwire nibabonabona kumara emyaka makumi abiri y'orutaro ahagati ya gavumenti na Lord's Resistance Army. Eki kikabaho n'obu ekibiina kya FDC kyabaire kitakora kampiini omu mwanya ogu. Eki nikyoreka okwetomboitwa kw'abantu b'omumatemba ga Uganda abaabaire nibahurira ngu gavumenti omu Kampala ekabarekaho.

Oihireho oburemeezi obu, FDC ekasinga oburuuru oburikwingana ebicweka makumi ashatu ahari igana, ekyasingire ekibiina ekyabaire kitakahikize n'omwaka gumwe. Ekibiina kikasinga ebibiina ebirikuhakanisa gavumenti nka Uganda People's Congress na Democratic Party.

Okuteera akaruuru

Omuri 2011, ekibiina kya FDC kikagaruka kyebembera orubaju orurikuhakanisa Museveni na NRM omu karuuru k'omwebembezi w'eihanga n'omujwekyerwa w'eishengyero. Ekibiina ky'obutegyeki kikagaruka kiremwa kwihaho Museveni ekitiinisa. Ekibiina kya FDC kikakora kubi munonga kukira omu 2006. Kuruga omu karuuru ka 2011, ekibiina kitwire kiri eky'omugasho omu kutebekanisa okwesharinga kw'ahanguuto, okumwe kurugiremu okurwanagana na poriisi.

Okutandikaho gavumenti y'abantu

Ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2016, omukwasi wa FDC bendera, Dr. Kizza Besigye, akahakanisa ebyarugire omu karuuru k'akakiiko k'eby'oburuuru. Eki kikabaho bwanyima y'okukomwa omunju okumara emyezi eshatu, akagumizamu yaarahira nk'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Uganda omu mwanya gw'ekihama. Akagyenda omu maisho kutandikaho ekyamanyirwe nka gavumenti y'abantu erimu ba minisita boona hamwe n'abebembezi ba disiturikiti. Lord Mayor wa Kampala, Elias Lukwago, akatooranwa nk'omuhwezi wa purezidenti, hamwe n'abeby'obutegyeki baingi ab'orubaju orurikuhakanisa gavumenti, kandi obwahati nibakora omu Gavumenti y'abantu.