Wp/nyn/Emin Pasha

Emin Pasha Relief Expedition

expedition
named after	Emin Paşa
location	Africa
start time	1886
end time	1889
participant	Henry Morton Stanley, Thomas Heazle Parke, Robert H. Nelson

Mehmed Emin Pasha (akazarwa) Isaac Eduard Schnitzer, akabatizibwa Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer; ebiro 28 Okwa kashatu omuri 1840 -ebiro 23 Okwa ikumi omuri 1892) akaba ari omushaho w'Abayudaaya omuri Germany - Bugirimaani, omuhangu omu by'obuhangwa, kandi gavana w'eihanga rya Egypt erya Equatoria aharurengo rwa Nile. Obutegyeki bwa Ottoman bukamuheereza ekitiinisa kyaa "Pasha" omuri 1886, kandi bwanyima bakamweta "Emin Pasha".

Amagara n'emirimo

Emin akazaarirwa omuri Opeln (omuri Poland obwahati), Silesia, omu ka y'Abayudaaya eyahagati, eyafurukire omuri Neisse obu yaabaire aine emyaka ebiri y'obukuru. Bwanyima y'okufa kwa ishe omuri 1845, nyina akashwera omukristaayo; we n'abaana be bakabatizibwa nk'abakurisitaayo. Akaba ari omwegi aha Kolegium Carolinum Neisse omuri Nysa, Poland, aha yunivasite za Breslau,Köningsberg na Berlin, yaatunga ebirikwetengyesa nk'omushaho omuri 1864. Kwonka, akaruga omuri Bugirimaani yaaza Constantinople, aine ekigyendererwa ky'okutaaha omu buheereza bwa Ottoman.

Kutambura arikurabira omuri Vienna na Trieste, akeemerera ahari Antivari omuri Montenegro, yashangwa ayakiirwe abantu b'omukyanga, kandi omu bwire butari bwa hare akaba naakora eby'emibazi.^[1] Akakoresa etaraanta ye y'orurimi kukoresa kurungi, hamwe n'okwongyera orurimi rwa Turkey, Albanian, hamwe n'oruguriika omu rurimi rwe. Akafooka ofiisa wa karantiini aha mwaaro, yaarugaho omuri 1870 kwegaita aha bakozi ba Ismail Hakki Pasha, gavana w'amatemba ga Albania;^[2] omu buheereza, akagyenda omu butware bwa Ottoman bwona, n'obu ebirikumukwataho bitamanyirwe munonga.

Turco-Egyptian Sudan

Hakki Pasha ku yaafiire omuri 1873, Emin akagaruka omuri Neisse n'efakazi ya Pasha hamwe n'abaana be, ahu yaabaire ari n'eka ye, kwonka yaarugaho bukiri kare omu kwezi kwa mwenda omuri 1875, yaagaruka omuri Cairo, reero yaarugaho yaaza Khartoum, ahu yaizire omu kwezi kwaikumi na ibiri. Omu bwire obwo, akatwara eiziina "Mehmet Emin" (omurarabiku Muhammad al-Amin), yatandika kukora nk'omushaho, kandi yatandika kurundaana ebirikukwata aha bimera, enyamaishwa, n'ebinyonyi, bingi ahari byo akabiheereza omu myuziyamu omuri Buraaya. N'obu abamwe baabaire nibamutwara nk'omusiraamu, tikirikwetegyerezibwa yaaba akahinduka. [ebirikugambwaho nibyetengwa]

Charles George Gordon (Gordon owa Khartoum), owaabaire ari gavana wa Equatoria ya Egypt, akahurira okubaho kwa Emin yamweta kuba omushaho mukuru omu kicweka ekyo; Emin akaikiriza kandi yaahikayo omu kwakataano omuri 1876. Ahonaaho Gordon akahereza Emin omurimo gw'obutegyeki omuri Bunyoro hamwe na Muteesa I owa Buganda omu mashuuma, ahu Emin yaabaire naamanya gye orurimi rwa Luganda. Bwanyima ya 1876, Emin akakora Lado nk'omwanya gwe gw'okurundaniramu abantu omu kicweka ekyo.

Gavana wa Equatoria

Omuri 1878, Khedive wa Egypt akatoorana Emin nk'omusinguzi wa Gordon kutegyeka eihanga, yaamuha ekitiinisa kya Bey. Oihireho ekitiinisa ky'amaani, hakaba hatariho kihango eki Emin yaabaire naabaasa kukora; amahe ge gakaba garimu enkumi nkye z'abaserukare abaabaire nibategyekyera buri kicweka kyabo, kandi gavumenti omuri Khartoum ekaba etarikufayo aha bigyendererwa bye by'entunguuka. Akeyoreka nk'omuzigu w'obushuma.^[3]Omuri 1879, General Gordon akaheereza Frank Lupton ekiragiro ky'amaato g'omugyera kuhwera Emin. Obu Lupton yahika omuri Lado bwanyima y'emyaka ebiri, akashanga Emin atarikwenda kuhumuura. Akahinduka omuhwezi wa Emin, arikukurira disiturikiti ya Latuka omuri Tarangole.^[4]

Obutabanguko bwa Muhammad Ahmad obwatandikire omuri 1881, bukamara Equatoria kuruga aheeru y'ensi omuri 1883, kandi omwaka ogwakuratsireho, Karam Allah akagyenda omu mashuuma kutwara Equatoria na Emin. Omuri 1885, Emin n'amahe ge amaingi bakarugayo omu mashuuma, barikuza Wadelai haihi n'enyanja Albert.^[2] Ahabw'okusharaho empurizingana omu matemba, akaba naakibaasa kuhikaana na Zanzibar kurabira omuri Buganda. Ahabw'okusharaho kuguma omuri Equatoria, obutumwa bwe, obwatwirwe munywani we Wilhelm Junker, bukareetaho okwetomboita kw'amaani omuri Europe omuri 1886, okukira munonga ahanyima y'okufa kwa Gordon omwaka ogwahwaire.

Okutambira

Ekibiina kya Emin Pasha Relief Expedition ekyabaire nikyebemberwa Henry Morton Stanley, kikataho omurimo gw'okukiza Emin barikuraba omu mugyera gwa Congo reero barikurabira omu kibira kya Ituri, omuhanda gukaba gugumire munonga ogwarugiremu okufeerwa ebicweka bibiri bya kashatu by'abantu. Ebirikukwata aha rugyendo oru, bikahandiikwa omu bitabo by'aba ofiisa abatari ba Afirika (e. g. , Meja Edmund Musgrave Bartelot, Kapiteeni William Grant Stairs, Mw. Arthur Jephson, na Thomas Heazle Parke, omushwijumi w'orugyendo.

Stanley akabugana Emin omu kwa kana omuri 1888, kandi bwanyima y'omwaka gumwe ogw'okuhajaana hamwe n'obutabaasa kusharamu, obu Emin na Jephson baakomwa Dufile abaserukare kuruga Okwamunaana kuhisya Okwa ikumi na kumwe omuri 1888, Emin akaikirizibwa kugyenda aha rubaju rw'enyanja. Amahe ge amaingi gakaguma haihi n'enyanja Albert kuhisya omuri 1890, obu Frederick Lugard yaatwara hamwe nawe aha rushozi rwa Kampala, ahu baayetabire omu rutaro rw'orushozi rwa Kampala.

Stanley na Emin bakahika omuri Bagamoyo omuri 1890. Omu kujaguza, Emin akatunga obuhuta ku yaataahire omu dirisa ei y, kandi Stanley akagyenda atarikubasa kumugarura omu businguzi.^[2]

Okutandikaho kw'oburwaire bwampungira omu Uganda, kikareetwa Emin n'abakuratsi be. Emyaka ya 1890 etakahikire, oburwaire bw'okubyama bukaba butarikumanywa omu Uganda, kwonka enkwanzi ya tsetse ekaba ereetwa Emin kuruga Congo.^[5]

Okufa

Emin bwanyima akaza omu buheereza bwa German East Africa Company yaagyenda na Dr. Franz Stuhlmann aha rugyendo rw'okuza omu nyanja z'omunda, kwonka akaitwa abashubuzi b'abahuuku babiri babaharabu aha sitesheni ya Kinena omuri Congo Free State,^[3] haihi na Nyangwe,^[6] ebiro 23 nainga 24 Okwa ikumi omuri 1892.^[2]

Eky'okureeberaho

Akahwera munonga omu kumanya ebirikukwata aha mitwarize y'abantu omuri Afirika eya rwagati kandi yaashohoza empapura z'omugasho ezirikukwata aha by'obuhangwa.^[3]Omuri 1890 akaheebwa omudaari gw'okutandikaho ekibiina kya Royal Geographical Society.^[7]

Ekitongore ky'enyamaishwa kikahebwa eiziina ry'okumuheereza ekitiinisa

Emin Pasha naijukibwa omu maziina ga sayansi g'ekika ky'enjoka ya Leptotyphlopid omuri burugwa-izooba bwa Afirika, Emin Pasha's worm snake Leptotyphlops emini,^[8] hamwe n'ekika kya Passer sparrow omuri burugwa-izooba bwa Afirika, Passer sparrow ya chestnut eminibey.^[9] Naheebwa ekitiinisa omu maziina ag'omutaano hamwe n'eiziina rya Emin's shake (Lanius governor), eiziina eryo nirimanyisa gavana.^[10]

Reeba n'ebi

Emin Pasha Relief Expedition.

Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho

↑ Pasha, Emin (1898). Schweitzer, Georg (ed.). Emin Pasha, His Life and Work. Vol. 1. A. Constable. pp. 5–9. ISBN 9781016186643.
1 2 3 4 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Emin Pasha" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1 2 3 Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "Schnitzer, Edward" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
↑ Macro, E. (1947), "Frank Miller Lupton", Sudan Notes and Records, 28, University of Khartoum: 50–61, JSTOR 41716507
↑ Schlenoff, Daniel C. (September 2010). "50, 100 & 150 Years Ago". Scientific American. 303 (3): 12–13. Bibcode:2010SciAm.303e..90S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1110-90. JSTOR 26002151.
↑ Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Emin Pasha" . The New Student's Reference Work . Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
↑ "List of Past Gold Medal Winners" (PDF). Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Emin", p. 83).
↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003). Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds. London: Christopher Helm. 400 pp. ISBN 0-7136-6647-1. ("Emin Bey", p. 119).
↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[1] Pasha, Emin (1898). Schweitzer, Georg (ed.). Emin Pasha, His Life and Work. Vol. 1. A. Constable. pp. 5–9. ISBN 9781016186643.

[:2-2] 1 2 3 4 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Emin Pasha" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

[:0-3] 1 2 3 Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "Schnitzer, Edward" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.

[4] Macro, E. (1947), "Frank Miller Lupton", Sudan Notes and Records, 28, University of Khartoum: 50–61, JSTOR 41716507

[5] Schlenoff, Daniel C. (September 2010). "50, 100 & 150 Years Ago". Scientific American. 303 (3): 12–13. Bibcode:2010SciAm.303e..90S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1110-90. JSTOR 26002151.

[6] Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Emin Pasha" . The New Student's Reference Work . Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.

[7] "List of Past Gold Medal Winners" (PDF). Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2015.

[8] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Emin", p. 83).

[9] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003). Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds. London: Christopher Helm. 400 pp. ISBN 0-7136-6647-1. ("Emin Bey", p. 119).

[10] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

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