Wp/nyn/Constitution of Uganda
| title | Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995.  |
|---|---|
| country | Uganda |
| applies to jurisdiction | Uganda |
| publication date | 8 October 1995 |
| place of publication | Parliament of Uganda |
| language of work or name | English |
| work available at URL | https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/constitution |
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga niyo erikukirayo obukuru omuri Uganda. Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omurundi gwa kana kandi eriho obwahati ekarangirirwa ebiro munaana Okwa ikumi omuri 1995.Ekihandiiko nikyoreka obutegyeki bwa repubulika oburimu omwebembezi w'eihanga ow'amaani.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza ekateebwaho omuri 1962 kwonka bwanyima y'emyaka ena ekahindurwa omuri 1966.Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1966, eyahinguziibwe omu bwire bw'eby'obutegyeki obwabaire burimu okwerarikirira kwingi kandi etarimu kuhanuura, ekahindurwa omuri 1967.Ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki ekya 1966, ekyahindwirwe omu bwire bw'eby'obutegyeki obwabaire burimu okwerarikirira kwingi kandi etarimu kuhanuura, kikahindurwa omuri 1967.
Omuri 2005, engyenderwaho y'eihanga ekahindurwamu kugira ngu habeho enkora y'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza (1962–1966)
[edit | edit source]Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza omuri Uganda ekaruga omu rukiiko rw'engyenderwaho y'eihanga rya Yuganda kandi ekatandiika kukora obu Yuganda yaatunga okwetegyeka (ebiro 9 Okwa ikumi omuri 1962).kikareetaho enkora y'obugabe bw'okusharamu omu ishengyero erikwombekwa aha nteekateeka y'engyenderwaho y'eihanga.Kikareetaho enkora y'amaani ey'okusharamu omu Uganda: Obukama bwa Buganda bukatunga amaani g'okwetegyeka;Obugabe bwa Bunyoro, Acoli, Tooro na Ankole hamwe n'ekicweka kya Busoga nabwo bukatunga obugabe bw'okwetegyeka kandi bwikirizibwa kugira eishengyero ryabwo;Kwonka disiturikiti ezindi hamwe n'ekicweka kya Mbale bikaba nibitegyekwa gavumenti eya rwagati.Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1962 ekaba neeha abakiiki baingi omu ishengyero obugabe bw'okutooranwa butunu.Ekyabaire kitarikushushana n'ebindi, n'ekya Buganda, ahu ababaka baabaire nibarondwa akakiiko k'eby'oburuuru akarimu abantu ba Lukiiko (eishengyero rya Buganda).
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1962 ekahindurwamu emirundi eshatu: omurundi gw'okubanza, kandi ogw'omugasho munonga, ekahindurwamu omuri 1963 kuhindura omu mwanya gwa Queen Elizabeth II (akajwekyerwa Gavana Genero wa Uganda, Sir Walter Coutts) nk'omwebembezi w'eihanga aine omwanya gw'omukoro gw'okuba omwebembezi w'eihanga, akarondwa omu bategyeki b'enzaarwa kandi abakuru b'ebicweka;Omuri 1964 kikahindurwamu kugira ngu habeho empindahinduka nkye aha eizooba eri eishengyero ry'obugabe bwa Tooro rishemereire kushenyukaho;Kandi omu kwezi kw'okubanza omuri 1965 kikahindurwamu omurundi gwa kashatu kandi ogw'ahamuheru kugira ngu kihikiirize ebyarugire omu karuuru k'okuteera akaruuru k'okusharamu kw'abantu b'omu byanga ebyabaire bitarikwetegyerezibwa.
Kuruga omuri 1963 kuhisya omuri 1966, Uganda ekaba neeyetwa 'Eihanga rya Uganda eryetongweire' ahabw'obutegyeki bw'obugabe obwabaire buri omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya kabiri (1966–1967)
[edit | edit source]Omu kwezi kwa kabiri omuri 1966, hamwe na 1967 omu bwire bw'obutabanguko bw'eby'obutegyeki obwabaire buriho oburikukwata aha mishango y'ezaabu, obwo obwa mukuru w'eihanga (kandi mukuru w'eihanga) Milton Obote akabinga engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza,Akeehindura mukuru w'eihanga kandi mukuru w'eihanga bwanyima y'obwire bukye. Ebiro 15 okwa kana engyenderwaho y'eihanga ensya ekarangirirwa. Ekiragiro eki ekitarikureebwa (ekirikwetwa ekiragiro ekyateirwe omu bishengye by'abany'eishengyero) kikaba kigyendereirwe nk'eky'obwire bukye "kuhitsya obu eishengyero ririkwija kutaho akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki akarikwija kutaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga omu mwanya gw'engyenderwaho egi".
N'obu kiragiro eki ekitarikureebwa kiraabe kyabaire kiri eky'obwire bukye "kuhitsya obu eishengyero ririkwija kutaho akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki akarikwija kutaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga omu mwanya gw'engyenderwaho egi", ekiragiro ekyo kikaba nikyoreka ngu omwebembezi w'ekibiina ekirikukirayo obwingi omu ishengyero naija kwetwa "Purezidenti".Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1966 ekakyendeza aha rurengo Buganda yaabaire eriho, kugira ngu erugyemu erugyemu n'obugabe obundi obwabaire buriho, nk'okwihaho obugabe bwa Buganda obw'okutoorana abantu omu ishengyero rya Uganda, hamwe n'okwihaho kooti enkuru eya Buganda.Buganda ekanga kwikiriza engyenderwaho y'eihanga ensya, ekyarugiremu okubingwa kwa Kabaka Mutesa II (owaabaire naaheereza nka purezidenti wa Uganda w'okubanza) hamwe n'okwongyerayo akaruuru k'eihanga omuri 1971.
Okuhindura omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1966 kukatandika kukora ebiro 3 okwa mukaaga omuri 1966, ekyareteire Buganda kuhikaana n'obugabe bwa Bunyoro, Acoli, Tooro na Ankole, kwonka Busoga ekashuuma aha rurengo rwa disiturikiti.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya kashatu (1967–1995)
[edit | edit source]Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eri ekahindura eiziina rya Uganda yaagihindura 'Republic of Uganda'.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'akashatu ekarangirirwa ebiro munaana okwaikumi na mwenda omuri 1967 bwanyima y'ameezi ashatu g'okuhanuura n'okukora eiteeka eririkukuratirwa akakiiko k'eihanga akarimu abantu kuruga omu ishengyero ry'eihanga.Kikaba kiri ekihandiiko kya konsitityusoni ya 1966 ekyahindwirwemu, kwonka kikaihamu abategyeki b'enzaarwa boona hamwe n'ebiragiro by'enzaarwa byona, kandi kyongyera amaani g'ekitongore ekirikwebembera eihanga (ekyabaire kiri ahansi y'obwebembezi bwa Obote) aha rufu rw'ekitongore ekirikukora ebiragiro.N'obu engyenderwaho y'eihanga erikworeka ngu ekaba neija kureetaho obugabe bw'okusharamu, omu mazima eishengyero rikaba ritaine maani.Omuri 1969, ekibiina kya UPC kikarangirirwa nk'ekibiina kya Uganda eky'obutegyeki kyonka, kugira ngu kihindure Uganda eihanga ry'ekibiina kimwe.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'akashatu ekabingwa omu bicweka ahansi ya Idi Amin kurugirira aha kihandiiko ky'ebiragiro ekya 1971[2][4] kandi ekaba etarikukuratirwa omuri bwebembezi bwe.Okukira munonga, ahabw'okugira ngu ekiragiro kikabinga ekicweka 1 (eky'okukuratira engyenderwaho y'eihanga), kikabaasisa Amin kutegyeka arikukoresa ebiragiro.Ebindi ebyahindwirwe omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga bikakorwa ekiragiro kya Konsitityusoni (Okuhindura) Ekihandiiko Na. 5 ekya 1971, ekyaretsireho ngu obushoborozi bwona obw'okwebembera eihanga bukaba nibuza kukorwa mukuru w'akakiiko k'ebyokwerinda (ekitiinisa eki Amin yaabaire aine)[7] hamwe n'ekiragiro kya ishengyero (Okutwara obushoborozi) Ekihandiiko Na. 8 ekya 1971, ekyaretsireho ngu obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro bukaba nibuza kuba omuri Amin hamwe n'akakiiko ke k'abaminisita.[6]
Ebiragiro by'engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1967 bwanyima y'okwihwaho kwa Amin omuri 1979 bikaba bitarikwetegyerezibwa gye.Ekihandiiko ky'ebiragiro ekya 1979 kikashazamu ekihandiiko ky'ebiragiro ekya 1971, kandi kyagaruka kyikiriza engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1967 kuba ey'ahaiguru, kwonka kikabinga ebicweka bingi kandi kyahindura obushoborozi bw'omwebembezi w'eihanga Yusuf Lule. Obushoborozi bw'eishengyero bwona oburikugambwaho omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga bukaba nibwija kuba omu kakiiko k'eihanga akarikwebuuza aha bantu National Consultative Council (NCC) kuhitsya obu eishengyero ry'eihanga ryabaire niribaasa kutooranwa.
N'obu kiraabe kiri kityo, akakiiko k'eihanga akarikwebuuza aha bantu kakashagika okugumizamu n'okwihaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1967. Obutaikirizana obu bukareetaho akakiiko k'eihanga akarikwebuuza aha bantu kwiha Lule omu ntebe kandi kateekaho Godfrey Binaisa omu kwezi kwa mukaaga omuri 1979.Bwanyima y'ekyo, ekihandiiko ky'ebiragiro ekya 5 ekya 1980 kikaragiira okutandikaho akakiiko k'omwebembezi w'eihanga. Kikaragiira ngu "ahabw'okugira ngu hariho okuhakanisa ahagati y'ebiragiro by'ekiragiro eki hamwe n'ebiragiro by'engyenderwaho y'eihanga, ebiragiro by'ekiragiro eki nibyo birikukira".
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1967 ekagarurwaho omu butongore Obote ku yaagarukire omu bwebembezi aha muheru gwa 1980, kwonka bwanyima y'okwihwaho kwe na Bazilio Olara-Okello omu kwezi kwa mushanju 1985, engyenderwaho y'eihanga ekagaruka yaayemerezibwa.Obu baatwara obutegyeki omuri 1986, aba National Resistance Army, barikwebemberwa Yoweri Museveni, bakahamya ngu engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1967 ekaba eri ey'ahaiguru kwonka ekemerezibwa.Okukira munonga, ebiragiro omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga ebirikukwata aha kubaho kw'eishengyero ry'eihanga hamwe n'okuronda omwebembezi w'eihanga bikemerezibwa kumara emyaka ena (bwanyima bikongyerwaho kuhika aha myaka munaana).[2]Ebirikukiraho aha kubingwa oku bikashoboororwa omu kihandiiko ky'ebiragiro eky'omurundi gwa 1 ekya 1986, ekyashaziremu ekiragiro ky'omurundi gwa 1 ekya 1979 kandi kyaha Museveni obushoborozi bw'okwebembera eihanga.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omurundi gwa kana (1995–obwahati)
[edit | edit source]Omu 1988, akakiiko k'eihanga akarikukurira eby'obutegyeki kakatandikaho akakiiko k'eihanga akarikukora aha ngyenderwaho y'eihanga kandi kakaha omurimo gw'okushwijuma engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1967 n'okukora engyenderwaho ensya. Ekigyendererwa ky'akakiiko kikaba kiri okwebuuza aha bantu n'okukora ebiteiso by'engyenderwaho y'eihanga erikugumaho erikuruga omu kwikirizana kw'eihanga.Omu ripoota yaako ey'ahamuheru eya Decemba 1992, akakiiko kakashaba ngu engyenderwaho y'eihanga ensya ekirizibwe akakiiko k'eihanga akarikuruga omu bantu. Akaruuru k'okuronda ab'akakiiko k'eihanga kakabaho omu kwezi kwa kashatu 1994.
Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1995, okurondwa kwa ba minisita hamwe n'okweguza kwa gavumenti bishemereire kwikirizibwa eishengyero; kandi abakozi ba gavumenti barondwa ekitongore ekirikwetegyeka ekya Public Services Commission hamwe n'ekitongore ekirikwetegyeka ekya Judicial Service Commission. Omwebembezi w'eihanga takyaine bushoborozi bw'okushenya eishengyero kandi eishengyero niribaasa kusingura okuhakanisibwa kw'omwebembezi w'eihanga n'oburuuru bubiri ahari bushatu.Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1995 neyoreka ngu hariho ekitongore ky'oburamuzi ekyetongoire, kandi ngu kooti enkuru niyo erikubaasa kuhurira okujurira.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya 1995 egarwireho obugabe bw'obuhangwa, okwihaho obugabe bwa Ankole, kwonka erikukyendeeza obushoborozi bw'obugabe bwa Uganda aha nshonga z'eby'obuhangwa zonka. Okuhindura omuri 2005 kukaihamu ekikomo ky'ebisanja by'omwebembezi w'eihanga kandi kyahindura engyenderwaho y'eby'obutegyeki kuba ey'ebibiina bingi.Kwonka, empindahinduka zikakorwa kandi ekikomo ky'ebisanja by'omwebembezi w'eihanga kikaihwaho omuri 2018.
Kurugirira aha kicweka 102, omuntu kubaasa kuba omwebembezi w'eihanga, aine kuba ari omunya Uganda kuruga omu bazaire be, atakahikize emyaka makumi ashatu n'etaano kandi aine ebirikumwikiriza kuba omukiiki omwishengyero.