Wp/nyn/Constitution of Uganda
| title | Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995.  |
|---|---|
| country | Uganda |
| applies to jurisdiction | Uganda |
| publication date | 8 October 1995 |
| place of publication | Parliament of Uganda |
| language of work or name | English |
| work available at URL | https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/constitution |
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga niyo erikukirayo obukuru omuri yuganda. Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omurundi gwa kana kandi eriho obwahati ekarangirirwa ebiro munaana Okwa ikumi omu mwaka gwa 1995.Ekihandiiko nikyoreka obutegyeki bwa repabulika oburimu omwebembezi w'eihanga ow'amaani.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza ekateebwaho omu mwaka gwa 1962 kwonka bwanyima y'emyaka ena ekahindurwa omu mwaka gwa 1966.Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1966, eyahinguziibwe omu bwire bw'eby'obutegyeki obwabaire burimu okwerarikirira kwingi kandi etarimu kuhanuura, ekahindurwa omu mwaka gwa 1967.Ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'omwaka gwa 1966, ekyahindwirwe omu bwire bw'eby'obutegyeki obwabaire burimu okwerarikirira kwingi kandi etarimu kuhanuura, kikahindurwa omu mwaka gwa 1967.
Omu mwaka gwa 2005, engyenderwaho y'eihanga ekahindurwamu kugira ngu habeho enkora y'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza (1962–1966)
[edit | edit source]Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza omuri yuganda ekaruga omu rukiiko rw'engyenderwaho y'eihanga rya Yuganda kandi ekatandiika kukora obu Yuganda yaatunga okwetegyeka (ebiro 9 Okwa ikumi omu mwaka gwa 1962).kikareetaho enkora y'obugabe bw'okusharamu omu ishengyero erikwombekwa aha nteekateeka y'engyenderwaho y'eihanga.Kikareetaho enkora y'amaani ey'okusharamu omu Uganda(Yuganda).. Obukama bwa Buganda bukatunga amaani g'okwetegyeka;Obugabe bwa Bunyoro, Acoli, Tooro na Ankole hamwe n'ekicweka kya Busoga nabwo bukatunga obugabe bw'okwetegyeka kandi bwikirizibwa kugira eishengyero ryabwo;Kwonka disiturikiti ezindi hamwe n'ekicweka kya Mbale bikaba nibitegyekwa gavumenti eya rwagati.Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1962 ekaba neeha abakiiki baingi omu ishengyero obugabe bw'okutooranwa butunu.Ekyabaire kitarikushushana n'ebindi, n'ekya Buganda, ahu ababaka baabaire nibarondwa akakiiko k'eby'oburuuru akarimu abantu ba Lukiiko (eishengyero rya Buganda).
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1962 ekahindurwamu emirundi eshatu: omurundi gw'okubanza, kandi ogw'omugasho munonga, ekahindurwamu omu mwaka gwa 1963 kuhindura omu mwanya gwa Queen Elizabeth II (akajwekyerwa Gavana Genero wa Uganda, Sir Walter Coutts) nk'omwebembezi w'eihanga aine omwanya gw'omukoro gw'okuba omwebembezi w'eihanga, akarondwa omu bategyeki b'enzaarwa kandi abakuru b'ebicweka;Omu mwaka gwa 1964 kikahindurwamu kugira ngu habeho empindahinduka nkye aha eizooba eri eishengyero ry'obugabe bwa Tooro rishemereire kushenyukaho;Kandi omu kwezi kw'okubanza omu mwaka gwa 1965 kikahindurwamu omurundi gwa kashatu kandi ogw'ahamuheru kugira ngu kihikiirize ebyarugire omu karuuru k'okuteera akaruuru k'okusharamu kw'abantu b'omu byanga ebyabaire bitarikwetegyerezibwa.
Kuruga omu mwaka gwa 1963 kuhisya omu mwaka gwa 1966, Uganda ekaba neeyetwa 'Eihanga rya yuganda eryetongweire' ahabw'obutegyeki bw'obugabe obwabaire buri omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya kabiri (1966–1967)
[edit | edit source]Omu kwezi kwa kabiri omu mwaka gwa 1966, hamwe n'eyomwaka gwa 1967 omu bwire bw'obutabanguko bw'eby'obutegyeki obwabaire buriho oburikukwata aha mishango y'ezaabu, obwo obwa mukuru w'eihanga (kandi mukuru w'eihanga) Milton Obote akabinga engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'okubanza,Akeehindura mukuru w'eihanga kandi mukuru w'eihanga bwanyima y'obwire bukye. Ebiro 15 okwa kana engyenderwaho y'eihanga ensya ekarangirirwa. Ekiragiro eki ekitarikureebwa (ekirikwetwa ekiragiro ekyateirwe omu bishengye by'abany'eishengyero) kikaba kigyendereirwe nk'eky'obwire bukye "kuhitsya obu eishengyero ririkwija kutaho akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki akarikwija kutaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga omu mwanya gw'engyenderwaho egi".
N'obu ekiragiro eki ekitarikureebwa kiraabe kyabaire kiri eky'obwire bukye "kuhitsya obu eishengyero ririkwija kutaho akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki akarikwija kutaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga omu mwanya gw'engyenderwaho egi", ekiragiro ekyo kikaba nikyoreka ngu omwebembezi w'ekibiina ekirikukirayo obwingi omu ishengyero naija kwetwa "Purezidenti".Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1966 ekakyendeza aha rurengo Buganda yaabaire eriho, kugira ngu erugyemu n'obugabe obundi obwabaire buriho, nk'okwihaho obugabe bwa Buganda obw'okutoorana abantu omu ishengyero rya Uganda, hamwe n'okwihaho kooti enkuru eya Buganda.Buganda ekanga kwikiriza engyenderwaho y'eihanga ensya, ekyarugiremu okubingwa kwa Kabaka Mutesa II (owaabaire naaheereza nka purezidenti wa Uganda w'okubanza) hamwe n'okwongyerayo akaruuru k'eihanga omu mwaka gwa 1971.
Okuhindura omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1966 kukatandika kukora ebiro 3 okwa mukaaga omu mwaka gwa 1966, ekyareteire Buganda kuhikaana n'obugabe bwa Bunyoro, Acoli, Tooro na Ankole, kwonka Busoga ekashuuma aha rurengo rwa disiturikiti.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eya kashatu (1967–1995)
[edit | edit source]Engyenderwaho y'eihanga eri ekahindura eiziina rya Uganda yaagihindura 'Republic of Uganda'.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'akashatu ekarangirirwa ebiro munaana okwaikumi na mwenda omu mwaka gwa 1967 bwanyima y'ameezi ashatu g'okuhanuura n'okukora eiteeka eririkukuratirwa akakiiko k'eihanga akarimu abantu kuruga omu ishengyero ry'eihanga.Kikaba kiri ekihandiiko kya konsitityusoni y'omwaka gwa 1966 ekyahindwirwemu, kwonka kikaihamu abategyeki b'enzaarwa boona hamwe n'ebiragiro by'enzaarwa byona, kandi kyongyera amaani g'ekitongore ekirikwebembera eihanga (ekyabaire kiri ahansi y'obwebembezi bwa Obote) aha rufu rw'ekitongore ekirikukora ebiragiro.N'obu engyenderwaho y'eihanga erikworeka ngu ekaba neija kureetaho obugabe bw'okusharamu, omu mazima eishengyero rikaba ritaine maani.Omu mwaka gwa 1969, ekibiina kya UPC kikarangirirwa nk'ekibiina kya Uganda eky'obutegyeki kyonka, kugira ngu kihindure Uganda eihanga ry'ekibiina kimwe.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'akashatu ekabingwa omu bicweka ahansi ya Idi Amin kurugirira aha kihandiiko ky'ebiragiro eky'omwaka gwa 1971[2][4] kandi ekaba etarikukuratirwa omu bwebembezi bwe.Okukira munonga, ahabw'okugira ngu ekiragiro kikabinga ekicweka 1 (eky'okukuratira engyenderwaho y'eihanga), kikabaasisa Amin kutegyeka arikukoresa ebiragiro.Ebindi ebyahindwirwe omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga bikakorwa ekiragiro kya Konsitityusoni (Okuhindura) Ekihandiiko kya 5 eky'omwaka gwa 1971, ekyaretsireho ngu obushoborozi bwona obw'okwebembera eihanga bukaba nibuza kukorwa mukuru w'akakiiko k'ebyokwerinda (ekitiinisa eki Amin yaabaire aine)[7] hamwe n'ekiragiro kya ishengyero (Okutwara obushoborozi) Ekihandiiko kya 8 eky'omwaka gwa 1971, ekyaretsireho ngu obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro bukaba nibuza kuba omuri Amin hamwe n'akakiiko ke k'abaminisita.[6]
Ebiragiro by'engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1967 bwanyima y'okwihwaho kwa Amin omu mwaka gwa 1979 bikaba bitarikwetegyerezibwa gye.Ekihandiiko ky'ebiragiro eky'omwaka gwa 1979 kikashazamu ekihandiiko ky'ebiragiro eky'omwaka gwa 1971, kandi kyagaruka kyikiriza engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1967 kuba ey'ahaiguru, kwonka kikabinga ebicweka bingi kandi kyahindura obushoborozi bw'omwebembezi w'eihanga Yusuf Lule. Obushoborozi bw'eishengyero bwona oburikugambwaho omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga bukaba nibwija kuba omu kakiiko k'eihanga akarikwebuuza aha bantu National Consultative Council (NCC) kuhitsya obu eishengyero ry'eihanga ryabaire niribaasa kutooranwa.
N'obu kiraabe kiri kityo, akakiiko k'eihanga akarikwebuuza aha bantu kakashagika okugumizamu n'okwihaho engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1967. Obutaikirizana obu bukareetaho akakiiko k'eihanga akarikwebuuza aha bantu kwiha Lule omu ntebe kandi kateekaho Godfrey Binaisa omu kwezi kwa mukaaga omu mwaka gwa 1979.Bwanyima y'ekyo, ekihandiiko ky'ebiragiro ekya 5 eky'omwaka gwa 1980 kikaragiira okutandikaho akakiiko k'omwebembezi w'eihanga. Kikaragiira ngu "ahabw'okugira ngu hariho okuhakanisa ahagati y'ebiragiro by'ekiragiro eki hamwe n'ebiragiro by'engyenderwaho y'eihanga, ebiragiro by'ekiragiro eki nibyo birikukira".
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1967 ekagarurwaho omu butongore Obote ku yaagarukire omu bwebembezi aha muheru gwa 1980, kwonka bwanyima y'okwihwaho kwe na Bazilio Olara-Okello omu kwezi kwa mushanju omu mwaka gwa 1985, engyenderwaho y'eihanga ekagaruka yaayemerezibwa.Obu baatwara obutegyeki omu mwaka gwa 1986, aba National Resistance Army, barikwebemberwa Yoweri Museveni, bakahamya ngu engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1967 ekaba eri ey'ahaiguru kwonka ekemerezibwa.Okukira munonga, ebiragiro omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga ebirikukwata aha kubaho kw'eishengyero ry'eihanga hamwe n'okuronda omwebembezi w'eihanga bikemerezibwa kumara emyaka ena (bwanyima bikongyerwaho kuhika aha myaka munaana).[2]Ebirikukiraho aha kubingwa oku bikashoboororwa omu kihandiiko ky'ebiragiro eky'omurundi gwa 1 eky'omwaka gwa 1986, ekyashaziremu ekiragiro ky'omurundi gwa 1 eky'omwaka gwa 1979 kandi kyaha Museveni obushoborozi bw'okwebembera eihanga.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omurundi gwa kana (1995–obwahati)
[edit | edit source]Omu mwaka gwa 1988, akakiiko k'eihanga akarikukurira eby'obutegyeki kakatandikaho akakiiko k'eihanga akarikukora aha ngyenderwaho y'eihanga kandi kakaha omurimo gw'okushwijuma engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1967 n'okukora engyenderwaho ensya. Ekigyendererwa ky'akakiiko kikaba kiri okwebuuza aha bantu n'okukora ebiteiso by'engyenderwaho y'eihanga erikugumaho erikuruga omu kwikirizana kw'eihanga.Omu ripoota yaako ey'ahamuheru ey'eyokwikumi nibiri omwaka gwa 1992, akakiiko kakashaba ngu engyenderwaho y'eihanga ensya eyikirizibwe akakiiko k'eihanga akarikuruga omu bantu. Akaruuru k'okuronda ab'akakiiko k'eihanga kakabaho omu kwezi kwa kashatu omu mwaka gwa 1994.
Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu ngyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1995, okurondwa kwa ba minisita hamwe n'okweguza kwa gavumenti bishemereire kwikirizibwa eishengyero; kandi abakozi ba gavumenti barondwe ekitongore ekirikwetegyeka ekya Public Services Commission hamwe n'ekitongore ekirikwetegyeka ekya Judicial Service Commission. Omwebembezi w'eihanga takyaine bushoborozi bw'okushenya eishengyero kandi eishengyero niribaasa kusingura okuhakanisibwa kw'omwebembezi w'eihanga n'oburuuru bubiri ahari bushatu.Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1995 n'eyoreka ngu hariho ekitongore ky'oburamuzi ekyetongoire, kandi ngu kooti enkuru niyo erikubaasa kuhurira okujurira.
Engyenderwaho y'eihanga ey'omwaka gwa 1995 egarwireho obugabe bw'obuhangwa, okwihaho obugabe bwa Ankole, kwonka erikukyendeeza obushoborozi bw'obugabe bwa Yuganda aha nshonga z'eby'obuhangwa zonka. Okuhindura omu mwaka gwa 2005 kukaihamu ekikomo ky'ebisanja by'omwebembezi w'eihanga kandi kyahindura engyenderwaho y'eby'obutegyeki kuba ey'ebibiina bingi.Kwonka, empindahinduka zikakorwa kandi ekikomo ky'ebisanja by'omwebembezi w'eihanga kikaihwaho omu mwaka gwa 2018.
Kurugiriira aha kicweka kya 102, Omuntu kubaasa kuba omwebembezi w'eihanga, aine kuba ari omunya Yuganda kuruga omu bazaire be, atakahikize emyaka makumi ashatu n'etaano kandi aine ebirikumwikiriza kuba omukiiki omwishengyero.