Wp/nyn/Busoga

Busoga

historical country, region, chiefdom

country	Uganda
capital	Bugembe
coordinate location	0°28′3″N 33°14′29″E

Ekicweka eki nikikwata aha bugabe bwa Busoga hamwe n'abantu ba Busoga. Orurimi rwabo ni Orusoga. Aha kicweka kya Uganda, reba ekicweka kya Busoga.

Busoga (Lusoga: Obwakyabazinga obwa Busoga) n'obugabe kandi ni bumwe aha butegyeki buna oburi omuri Uganda obwahati. Obukama n'Ekitongore ky'eby'Obuhangwa ekirikureetaho okukwatanisa n'obumwe omu bantu b'omu kyanga kurabira omu nteekateeka z'entunguuka kwenda kutunguura emiturire yaabo.

Busoga nikimanyisa "eitaka rya Soga," kandi n'obugabe bw'obugabe 11 obw'abantu ba Basoga nainga Soga (Musoga omwe). Orurembo rwayo orukuru ni Bugembe, haihi na Jinja (orureembo rwa kabiri orurikukirayo obuhango omuri Uganda, ahanyima ya Kampala). Busoga erimu disiturikiti ikumi n'emwe: Kamuli, Iganga, Bugiri, Mayuge, Jinja, Luuka hamwe na disiturikiti ensya eza Bugweri, Buyende, Kaliro, Namutumba na Namayingo. Buri disiturikiti neeyebemberwa mukuru w'entebe orikutooranwa, na munisiparite eyebemberwa meeya orikutooranwa. Jinja nigwo mwanya gw'amakorero n'eby'entaasya omuri Busoga. Busoga eine ensharo omu matemba n'enyanja ya Kyoga etari y'amabaare (erikugitaanisa na Lango), omu burengyerwa-izooba n'enyanja ya Victoria Nile (erikugitaanisa na Buganda), omu mashuuma g'enyanja ya Victoria (erikugitaanisa Tanzania na Kenya) kandi omuri burugwa-izooba n'enyanja ya Mpologoma (okugitaanisa n'ebibinja by'enganda ebikye nka Adhola, Bugwere na Bugisu). Kandi harimu n'ebizinga bingi omu nyanja Nalubaale, nka Buvuma Island.

Kyabazinga

Kyabazinga wa Busoga tarikusikira butunu omwe aha baana be (abanyiginya) kureka naatoranwa kuruga omu maka ataano g'obugabe bwa Busoga.

Busoga neetwarwa Isebantu Kyabazinga, obwahati ni William Kadhumbula Gabula Nadiope IV, Gabula owa Bugabula, hamwe n'omwijukuru wa Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope, owaabaireho omuhwezi wa purezidenti kandi nawe Kyabazinga w'obugabe bwa Busoga. Omuri 1995, gavumenti ekagaruraho obutegyeki bw'obugabe omuri Uganda omu kicweka 246 (1 ekya konsititushoni ya Uganda. Ebiro 11 okwa kabiri omuri 1996, Henry Wako Muloki akagarurwa nka Kyabazinga Isebantu owa Busoga. Akaheereza kuhisya ekiro 1 okwa mwenda omuri 2008, obu yaafa ekookoro y'omimiro omu irwariro rya Mulago National Referral Hospital omuri Kampala aha myaka 87 y'obukuru. [1] Omu butumwa bw'okusaasira, omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Uganda Yoweri Museveni akashoboorora ahari Muloki nk'omwebembezi w'eby'obuhangwa kandi taata w'amaani owaabaire aine embabazi n'embabazi. Museveni akagira ngu kuruga obu yaagaruka omu ntebe, Muloki akareetaho okukwatanisa omuri Busoga: "Gavumenti etungire omugisha gw'okukorera hamwe na Isebantu Muloki omu kutunguura eihanga ryaitu.". Arikugamba ahari Kyabazinga nk'enkingi y'amaani, omwebembezi w'eihanga akagira ngu n'obu Busoga yaabaire eri emwe aha bugabe bukye, ahansi y'obwebembezi bwa Muloki, ekaba ehindukire ey'amaani. Ebi Muloki yaakozire harimu enteekateeka z'eminyeeto, abakuzire omumyaka, n'abooro hamwe n'okwegyesa abaishiki. N'obu abakuru b'obugabe bwa Busoga baraabe batandikire kutoorana Edward Columbus Wambuzi, mutabani wa Muloki, nka Kyabazinga wa Busoga, akaruuru kakahakanisibwa ahabw'eibura ry'abantu (bakuru munaana) ekyarugiremu akaruuru ka Gabula Nadiope IV n'abakuru ikumi ahari ikumi na bamwe kandi akatwarwa aha ntebe y'

Ebyafaayo

Ebyafaayo bya Busoga ebyahandiikirwe bikatandika omuri 1862. Ebiro 28 okwa mushanju, omurambuzi wa Royal Geographical Society, John Hanning Speke, akahika aha maizi ga Ripon Falls (haihi na Jinja, ahu omugyera Victoria Nile gurikuruga omu nyanja Nalubaale kandi gutandika kuruga omuri Egypt. Ahabw'okugira ngu orugyendo rwa Speke (omunda y'eitaka kuruga aha rubaju rw'enyanja ya burugwa-izooba bwa Afirika) rukamutwara aha muheru gw'amashuuma g'enyanja Nalubaale, akahika ahari Busoga kuruga omu burengyerwa-izooba (kurabira omuri Buganda). Ahanyima y'okuhika aha kigyendererwa kye (oburugo bw'omugyera Nile), akahindukira omu matemba yaakuratira omugyera oguri ahansi y'omugyera atarikukyebera Busoga. Akahandiika, kwonka, okugambirwa ngu Usonga (Busoga omu Kiswahili) n'ekizinga (kishwekirwe amaizi aha mbaju zoona).

Omubare gw'abantu

Omu kyasha kya ikumi na mwenda, emwe aha mihanda mikuru y'Abajungu kuruga aha rubaju rw'enyanja kuza Buganda ekaba neeruga omu mashuuma ga Busoga. Speke, James Grant, Gerald Portal, Frederick Lugard, J. R. Macdonald na Bishop Tucket bakareeba ngu Busoga ekaba eine eby'okurya bingi kandi erimu abantu baingi. Kwonka, ahagati ya 1898-1999 na 1900-1901, abarwaire b'oburwaire bw'okubyama bakabaragurira.

Omuri 1906, ebiragiro bikaheebwa okuruga omu kyanga. Oihireho okuteerwaho kuboneza omwanya, oburwaire bukagumizamu kuhisya 1910. N'ekyarugiiremu, ebicweka bya Busoga ebirimu abantu baingi (n'abantu abarikuhingura 200,000) bikarugaho omu myaka ikumi. Orubiri rwa Lubanga omuri Bukaleba hamwe n'Ekitongore ky'Abajungu ekya "European Fruit Mission" bikagwa, kandi abahonokireho bakatwarwa omu bicweka ebindi ebya Busoga. Amashuuma ga Busoga, nk'ekicweka kimwe kya kashatu ky'obugabe, gakaba gatakiine bantu omuri 1910. Omu myaka ya 1920 na 1930, abantu abamwe abaahonokireho oburwaire bakatandika kugaruka aha eitaka ryabo. Omuri 1940 okubarukaho kw'oburwaire okutsya kukareebeka omu mwanya, kandi omuri 1956 nibwo okufururwa (okwatandikireho gavumenti) kwongyera kutandika.

Ekyarugiremu, endwara ruranda nsi n'okugira ngu ekicweka kya Busoga eky'amashuuma, ekyabaire kirimu abantu baingi munonga, kikaba kitarimu bantu. Emyanya endiijo eyaateganisibwe oburwaire bw'okubyama, otwariiremu oburugwa-izooba bwa Bukooli na Busiki, nayo ekaba etarimu bantu. Enjara ekareetaho okufuruka kw'abantu baingi. Ebicweka by'amatemba g'oburugwa-izooba bwa Busoga hamwe na disiturikiti ya Bukandi eyetorwairwe (hakurya y'omugyera Mpologoma) bikabona enjara omuri 1898-1900, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1918 na 1944. Omuhendo gw'abantu omu myanya egi gukakyendeera; abantu baingi bakaitwa enjara, kandi abahonokireho bakagyenda omu myanya endiijo kuronda oburinzi.

Ebyarugire omu ntambura ezi, bikareebeka omu kweyongyera kw'abantu omuri Busoga eya rwagati hamwe n'omu myanya ehikaine n'orurembo. Abasoga baingi bakaruga omuri Busoga omu bwire obu baaza omu disiturikiti ezindi.

Eby'entaasya

Omu bwire bw'obutegyeki bw'amatware, abantu bakasigaho amataka gaabo g'obuhangwa kandi ebyombeko by'eihanga bikahwaho. Ebika bingi hamwe n'obwebembezi bikacwekyerezibwa enjara hamwe n'endwara, kandi abantu bakafuruka baaza Busoga n'emigyenzo hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'amahanga agandi. Ekyetengo ky'eby'okwerinda kikareetaho okweyongyera kw'omuhendo gw'abantu omu ndembo za Busoga nka Jinja, Iganga, Kamuli, Kaliro, Bugiri hamwe n'ebyetooroire.

Kuruga omuri 1920 kuhisya omuri 1970, Jinja (orurembo orukuru orwa Busoga) rikatunga omugasho omu by'entaasya ahabw'okukora pamba hamwe n'okumaraho oruguuto rw'egaari y'omwika orwa Uganda hamwe n'ekihome kya Owen Falls Dam. Orurembo rukahinduka omwanya gw'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa ogurimu ,amakorero ag'omunda hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa. Abantu kuruga omu byaro bya Busoga bakaija kukora omu makorero n'omu maka. Omubasya abaizire harimu amaka ga Asia. Obuheereza nk'amaizi ga payipu, amashanyarazi, enguuto, amarwariro hamwe n'amashomero bikongyerwamu amaani okubaasa kuhikiiriza omuhendo gw'abantu ogwabaire nigweyongyera. Abahingi n'abariisa bakahaburwa ngu nibaza kutunga akatare omu ndembo, baahinga ebihingwa by'okutunga sente hamwe n'eby'okurya nka pamba, omwani, ebitookye, muhogo, ebijuma hamwe n'emboga. Omutindo gw'entuura y'abantu gukatunguuka, emishoro y'obugabe yayeyongyera, ekyaretsireho okwombeka ebyombeko ebindi. Obuhingi n'oburiisa bw'okurya bukakyendeera, abantu baatandika kukoresa eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa ebirikwetengwa abajungu.

Obwire bw'okwetegyeka omuri 1962, Busoga ekaba eri emwe aha byanga ebirikukizayo obugaiga omuri Uganda. Jinja ekaba eri amaka g'amakorero 70 ahari igana ga Uganda hamwe n'ekitongore ky'amashanyarazi ekya Nalubaale (Owen Falls Dam), ekirikureeta amashanyarazi omuri Uganda hamwe n'ebicweka bya Kenya na Tanzania. Jinja ekaba eri enju y'abantu baingi kuruga Asia. Abanyauganda aba abarikuruga omuri Asia, abaarugire omu kicweka ky'eihanga rya Buhindi, Abangyereza bakabahwera kutandikaho Jinja nk'emwe aha myanya y'ebyobushuubuzi omuri burugwa-izooba bwa Afirika.

Eby'obutegyeki

Aha kutandika kw'ekyasha kya 16, oruganda rwa Basengobi kuruga Bunyoro rukatunga amaani. Mukama Namutukula ow'eka y'obugabe eya Babiito omuri Bunyoro, nikigambwa ngu akaruga omuri Bunyoro omu kyasha kya 16 nk'ekicweka ky'enteekateeka y'obugabe, yaagyenda omuri burugwa-izooba arikuraba ahanyanja ya Kyoga n'omukazi we Nawudo, abaheereza bakye, ebikwato n'embwa, okuhika ahari Lyingo omu matemba ga Busoga (omu Disiturikiti ya Kamuli eriho hati).

Mukama, owaabaire naakunda okuhiiga, akatwarwa n'eitaka. Akatandika kuheesha, okuteera ebyoma n'okukora efuka, ebyoma hamwe n'amacumu. Aha baana ba Mukama, aboojo bataano bakabaho, kandi ku yaagarukire Bunyoro, akabaha eitaka ry'okureeberera. Omutabani omukuru, Wakoli, akatunga Bukooli; Zibondo akatunga Bulamogi, Ngobi, Kigulu, Tabingwa Luuka, kandi omutabani muto, Kitimbo, akatunga Bugabula. Emyanya egi bwanyima ekahinduka emyanya y'obwebembezi n'eby'obuhangwa omuri Busoga. Mukama ku yaabaire atakagarukire, batabani be bakeetwara nk'abebembezi abahikire omu byanga byabo. Bakatwara obutegyeki bwabo, barikukoresa emiringo y'obutegyeki hamwe n'emigyenzo y'eby'obuhangwa erikushushana n'eya Bunyoro. Entebekanisa y'eby'obutegyeki n'eby'obuhangwa omuri Busoga ekagumizamu kuhisya aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 19, obu abebembezi b'amatware baashendashendiire abategyeki baayo kutebekanisa ekibiina ky'obumwe aha musingi gwa Federo. Ekibiina kikaba nikyebemberwa Lukiiko.

N'obu Busoga eraabe neeyetwa "obugabe", ekaba etaine mwebembezi omukuru omu mwaka gwa 1906, okutashushana na mutaahi waayo omu burengyerwa-izooba bwa Buganda. Omuri 1906, omwebembezi w'eihanga rya rwagati, bwanyima omugabe, akatekwaho ahabw'okushaba kw'Abangyereza. Eki kitakahikire, Abasoga bakaba batebekanisiibwe omu butegyeki obutari bwobugabe butari bwaburiijo, burikuteganisibwa Bunyoro, kandi bwanyima, Buganda, abaami abamwe bakatooranwa Kabaka, kandi, Buganda etakatandikire kutegyekwa, Omukama owa Bunyoro.

Omugabe w'eihanga rya Busoga ow'okubanza, akaba ari omukuru w'eihanga rya Bugabula, Yosia Nadiope. Nadiope akafa omuri 1913, kandi omuri 1919 akasikirwa omukuru 'we Bulamogi, Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, owaabaire aine obuhwezi bw'abajwekyerwa b'amatware ga Bungyereza hamwe n'obuhwezi omu by'obutegyeki, oihireho okushomera kwe omu Kings' College eya Budo. Gideon Obodha owa Kigulu (ondiijo owaabaire ayesimbireho aha ntebe) akaba atarikumanya enkora y'eihanga rya Bungyereza, kandi William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula owa Bugabula akaba ari omwana muto kandi mukama 'we (Mwami Mutekanga) akaba atashemereire kuba Mukoopi (omuntu wa buriijo). Omuri 1918-19, ekikopo kya Ishebantu Kyabazinga kikateebwaho kandi Wako akatwara entebe y'obukama. Omuri 1925 Wako akahinduka memba w'akakiiko k'abagabe ba Uganda, akarimu Kyabazinga wa Busoga, Kabaka wa Buganda, Omukama wa Bunyooro na Tooro hamwe n'Omugabe wa Ankole.

Ebiro 11 okwa kabiri 1939, Owekitinisa Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, ishe wa Kyabazinga wa Busoga owahererukireyo Henry Wako Muloki hamwe na Zibondo owa Bulamogi, akaetekwaho nka Kyabazinga wa Busoga ow'okubanza (ekyapa eki yaabaire aine kuhisya obu yaahuumwire omuri 1949). Wako ku yaaherize kuhuumura, Lukiiko ekaba yaayongyeirwemu abajwekyerwa abatoorainwe (babiri kuruga omu magomborora 55 ga Busoga).

Obu Wako yaahuumwire, Busoga Lukiiko ekataho ekiteiso ngu Kyabazinga atoranwe kuruga omu buzaarwa butaano bwa Baise Ngobi (Ababiito), abebembezi b'obuhangwa abarikuteekateekwaho kuba bari batabani bataano b'Omukama owa Bunyoro abafurukiire Busoga kuruga Bunyoro. Enkora egi y'okuteera akaruuru ekakoresibwa omu buruuru obwakuratsireho, okutandika omuri 1949, obu omukuru ,Owekitinisi William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula owa Bugabula yaarondwa. Akaheereza ebisanja bibiri eby'emyaka eshatu buri kimwe, yaakurirwa Henry Wako Muloki (owaheereize ebisanja bibiri). Omuri 1957, ekitinisa kya Ishebantu wa Busoga kikateebwaho omukazi wa Kyabazinga (oba Ishebantu).

Obugabe bw'obugabe bukihwaho omuri 1966, Kyabazinga akabingwa aha ntebe. Idi Amin akabinga aba Asia kuruga omu Uganda omuri 1972, kandi Jinja ekatunga oburemeezi omu by'entaasya hamwe n'embeera z'abantu. Gavumenti ya Yoweri Museveni ekagyezaho kubahiga kugaruka. Obuhangwa bwa Asia bukiriho, okukira munonga omu by'okwombeka hamwe n'amaziina g'enguuto.

Omuri 1995, gavumenti ekagaruraho obutegyeki bw'abagabe omu Uganda. Ebiro 11 okwa kabiri, Henry Wako Muloki akagarurwa nka Kyabazinga kurugiirira aha migyenzo ya Busoga. Okutashushana n'abagabe abarikukira obwingi, Kyabazinga taine mugabe w'obusika, kureka aine omukuru orikutooranwa Lukiiko hamwe n'orukiiko rw'obugabe.

Ba Kyabazinga abahingwireho

Aba Kyabazinga bashatu nibo beebembeire eihanga rya Busoga kuruga omuri 1939: Ezekiel Tenywa Wako, Yosia Nadiope na William Wilberforce Nadiope Kadhumbula. Kadhumbula akatandikaho emizindiro (orutaro rw'obushuma) kandi yaamaraho engyenderwaho y'Abangyereza omu kurwanisa obusheru (kawumpuli) ahu abatuuragye baabaire baine kuheereza abantu emikira y'embeba, kugira ngu babaase kubarwa nk'obuhame ngu baitsire embeba. Okurwanisa kwe kukamureetera okurwanangana n'Abangyereza; akabingwa omuri Bunyoro, bwanyima yaayebembera Abasoga omu rutaro rw'ensi yoona orwa kabiri.

Kadhumbula akakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurwana kw'okwetegyeka kwa Uganda; akaba ari omuhwezi w'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Uganda ow'okubanza kandi mukuru w'entebe y'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress (UPC). Kadhumbula akombeka ebyombeko nk'enguuto, amarwariro n'emyanya ya gavumenti, kandi yaashaba Abasoga okwejumba omu by'obuhingi n'oburiisa. Eishomero rya Balangira High School bwanyima rikahinduka Busoga College.

Eby'okureeberaho hamwe n'emyanya y'ebyafaayo

Kagulu Rock, nigwo mwanya ogwabaire nigubanza kutuurwamu aba Bunyoro Basoga, abarikwebemberwa Mukama. N'obu eby'obuhangwa bwa Kagulu birikujanjaara munonga, ekirikureebeka munonga n'orukiri rwa Kagulu. Orukiri ruri ahagati y'enguuto ibiri ezirikubaasa kwebaganisamu, ezirikuza Gwaya na Iyingo. Orutare nirureebeka kurungi Busoga yoona, hamwe n'emidaara erikuhwera abagyenyi kuhika ahaiguru. Eibaare rya Kagulu rimazire obwire buraingwa n'eky'omugasho omu by'oburambuzi omuri burugwa- izooba bwa Uganda. Kareho, kikaba nikireetaho amaisho g'abanyamahanga abarikukoresa ebibiina by'obutegyeki omu kyanga ekyo, kwonka ahabw'okureetaho enteekateeka y'okushongyera omwanya ogu, Kagulu Rock hati n'eky'okureeberaho ky'amaani ahari boona. Orukiri rwa Kagulu, n'orurengo rw'amabaare orurikwera mita 3,048 aharurengo rw'enyanja.

Ekigombe kya Budhumbula hamwe n'obugabe,

kiromita ibiri kuruga Kamuli aha ruguuto orurikuruga Kamuli kuza Jinja, omwanya ogu gurimu ekigombe hamwe n'amaka g'owaabaireho Kyabazinga William Wilberforce Kadhumbula Nadiope (owafiire omuri 1976). Ekigombe ekishwekirwe marble kirimu ebituuro by'abandi bantu b'omuka y'obugabe otwariiremu ishe na nyina wa Nadiope (Yosia Nadiope na Nasikombi). Ebindi bituuro by'abatabani, abaabaireho ba minisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda Wilson Nadiope (owafiire omuri 1991), hamwe na nyina, Yuliya Babirye Nadiope (owafiire omuri 2004). Obutuuro bw'ekikaari ekikuru n'oburugo bwa gavumenti y'amatware ga Bungyereza, eyabuhaireyo omuri 1914.

Oburugo bw'omugyera Nile

Oburugo bw'omugyera Nile, ogurikukurataho obuhango omunsi yoona, aha nyanja Nalubaale, bukashakwa John Speke kandi n'ekintu ekirikumanywa omunsi yoona.

Bujjagali Falls

Ebisharara bya Bujagali Ekisharara eki kikagwa omu maizi omu kwezi kwa ikumi na kumwe omu mwaka 2011 daamu ya Bujagali.

Enyanja ya Victoria(Nalubaale)

Enyanja Nalubaale eri omu mashuuma ga Busoga neehikaana n'enyanja Nalubaale, kuruga Jinja burugwa-izooba kuhisya aha nsharo ya Kenya.

Eiramizo ry'Omureeberezi James Hannington .

Omureeberezi James Hannington omwanya ahu omureeberezi James Hannington hamwe n'abahwezi be 48 barikuteekwateekwaho kuba baitsirwe omu 1885.

Twegaite

Ekitongore ky'eby'obuhangwa ekitarikukora magoba, ekitebe kikye kikuru kiri Boston. Ekigyendererwa kya Twegaite ekikuru n'okugarura busya eby'entaasya ya Busoga, eby'amagara hamwe n'eby'obwegyese.

Reeba n'ebi

• Orurimi rwa Soga