Wp/nyn/Burundi
| part of | East Africa, Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries  |
|---|---|
| inception | 1 July 1962 |
| official name | Uburundi, République du Burundi, Republic of Burundi |
| native label | Uburundi |
| short name | Burundi |
| named after | Kirundi |
| official language | Kirundi, French, English |
| anthem | Burundi Bwacu |
| culture | culture of Burundi |
| motto text | Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere, Unité, Travail, Progrès, Единство, труд, прогрес, Unitate, Trudă, Progres, Beautiful Burundi |
| continent | Africa |
| country | Burundi |
| capital | Gitega |
| located in time zone | UTC+02:00, Africa/Bujumbura |
| located in/on physical feature | East Africa |
| coordinate location | 3°40′0″S 29°49′0″E |
| coordinates of easternmost point | 2°58′48″S 30°51′0″E |
| coordinates of northernmost point | 2°19′12″S 30°24′0″E |
| coordinates of southernmost point | 4°28′8″S 29°45′11″E |
| coordinates of westernmost point | 2°47′24″S 29°0′4″E |
| geoshape | Data:Burundi.map |
| highest point | Mount Heha |
| lowest point | Lake Tanganyika |
| basic form of government | representative democracy, presidential system |
| office held by head of state | President of Burundi |
| head of state | Évariste Ndayishimiye |
| office held by head of government | Prime Minister of Burundi |
| head of government | Gervais Ndirakobuca |
| executive body | Council of Ministers |
| legislative body | Parliament of Burundi |
| central bank | Bank of the Republic of Burundi |
| currency | Burundian franc |
| headquarters location | Bujumbura |
| shares border with | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania |
| driving side | right |
| electrical plug type | Europlug, Type E |
| follows | Kingdom of Burundi |
| replaces | Kingdom of Burundi |
| language used | Kiswahili, French, Kirundi |
| official website | https://www.presidence.gov.bi/ |
| hashtag | Burundi |
| top-level Internet domain | .bi |
| flag | flag of Burundi |
| coat of arms | coat of arms of Burundi |
| geography of topic | geography of Burundi |
| has characteristic | not-free country |
| history of topic | history of Burundi |
| economy of topic | economy of Burundi |
| demographics of topic | demographics of Burundi |
| mobile country code | 642 |
| telephone country code | +257 |
| emergency phone number | 112, 113, 117 |
| licence plate code | RU |
| maritime identification digits | 609 |
| Unicode character | 🇧🇮 |
| category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Burundi |
Burundi, omu butongore Republic of Burundi, n'eihanga eritaine nyanja omuri burugwa-izooba bwa Africa. Nikishangwa omu kicweka kya Great Rift Valley ahagati y'ekicweka kya African Great Lakes hamwe n'amashuuma g'oburugwizooba bwa Africa, n'abantu abarikuhingura obukaikuru 14. [16]Eri aha nsharo za Rwanda omu matemba, Tanzania omuri burugwa izooba n'amashuuma g'oburugwa izooba, hamwe na Democratic Republic of Congo omuri burengyerwizooba; enyanja Tanganyika eri aha nsharo zaayo omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa izooba. Orurembo rukuru rw'eby'obutegyeki ni Gitega kandi orurembo rukuru rw'eby'obushubuzi ni Bujumbura.
Aba Twa, abahutu n'abatutsi batwire omuri Burundi kumara emyaka nka 500. Kumara emyaka erikuhingura magana abiri, Burundi ekaba eri eihanga eryetongoire. Omuri 1885, kikahinduka ekicweka ky'obutegyeki bwa Bugirimaani omuri German East Africa. [18]. Bwanyima y'orutaro rw'ensi yoona orw'okubanza hamwe n'okusingurwa kwa Bugirimaani, ekibiina ky'amahanga agarikukwatanisa kikaragiira obutegyeki bwa Burundi hamwe n'oburiranwa bwa Rwanda omuri Bubirigi omu kicweka kimwe ekirikwetwa Rwanda-Urundi. Bwanyima y'orutaro rw'ensi yoona orwa kabiri, eki kikahinduka ekicweka ky'amahanga geeteeraine. Burundi ekatunga okwetegyeka omuri 1962 kandi omu kubanza ekaguma omu butegyeki bw'obugabe. Kwonka, obwimukiriro bw'obutegyeki omu 1966 bukagaruraho obutegyeki bw'ekibiina kimwe, kandi okumara emyaka 27 eyakuratsireho, Burundi ekategyekwa ab'enganda z'Abatutsi kandi okukira munonga akabonaho obwimukiriro bw'Abahutu omu 1972. Omu kwezi kwa mushanju 1993,Melchior Ndadaye akahinduka omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Burundi ow'okubanza owabahutu, ahanyima y'akaruuru k'okubanza akarimu ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Okwitwa kwe bwanyima y'ameezi ashatu omu kugyezaho kurwanisa obutegyeki, kikareetaho orutaro rw'omunda omuri Burundi orwamazire emyaka 12. Omu mwaka gwa 2000, endagaano ya Arusha ekakorwaho, ekatwarwa omu ngyenderwaho nsya omu 2005. Kuruga omu buruuru bwa 2005 bwanyima y'orutaro, ekibiina ekirikutegyeka eihanga n'ekibiina kya National Council for the Defense of Democracy Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDFDD) ekyebembeirwe abahutu, ekirikujunaanwa munonga ahabw'obutegyeki bw'obutegyeki n'okurinda obugabe bw'abantu omu ihanga.
Burundi ekaguma eri ekyaro, erimu abantu 13 bonka. ebicweka bina ahari igana by'abantu nibatuura omu ndembo omuri 2019. [19] Burundi erimu abantu baingi, kandi eminyeeto mingi nefuruka kuronda emigisha ahandi. Ebicweka nka 81 ahari igana by'abantu n'abahutu, 18 ahari igana n'abatutsi, kandi abatarikuhika 1 ahari igana n'aba Twa. [20]. Endimi z'obutegyeki omuri Burundi ni Kirundi,Faransa, hamwe n'orungyereza-Kirundi nizikirizibwa nk'orurimi rw'eihanga rwonka. Orungyereza rukahindurwa orurimi rw'obutegyeki omu 2014.
Eihanga rya Burundi, rimwe aha mahanga makye omuri Afirika, nirikukira kukoresibwa omu by'obuhingi n'oburiisa. Okutema emiti, okusisikara kw'eitaka, hamwe n'okufeerwa eby'obuhangwa, nibyo bintu ebikuru ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa. [23]: Okuruga omuri 2005, eihanga rikaba riri haihi kutemwamu amahamba goona. Eitaka eritarikuhika ebicweka 6 ahari igana rikakwatwa emiti, kandi ekicweka kyayo kikaba kiri eky'obuhingi n'oburiisa bw'eby'obushubuzi. [24]. Burundi niryo eihanga eririkusingayo obworo omunsi yoona kurugirira aha GDP ya buri muntu kandi n'emwe aha mahanga agatunguukire munonga. Nikirwanagana n'obworo, obushomankuzi, obutabanguko, obutegyeki n'obutamanya. Ripoota y'okushemererwa omunsi yoona eya 2018 ekata eihanga nk'eritaine kushemererwa omu nsi yoona n'omwanya gwa 156. [B] Burundi ne memba w'ekibiina kya African Union, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, United Nations, East African Community (EAC), OIF hamwe n'ekibiina kya Non-Aligned Movement.
Enkora y'ebigambo
[edit | edit source]Burundi ey'omurembe egi eyetsirwe eiziina ry'omugabe w'eihanga rya Urundi, owaabaire naategyeka ekicweka eki kuruga omu kyasha kya 16. Eiziina ryakyo rikaruga omu kigambo "Urundi" omu rurimi rwa Kirundi, ekirikumanyisa "Omwe ondiijo". [citation needed] Bwanyima obutegyeki bwa Bubirigi omu kicweka kya Rwanda-Urundi bukakihindura eiziina hamwe n'orurembo rwabo orukuru "Usumbura" orw'obugabe bwombi obwo barikwongyera ebaruha "B" omu maisho gaabwo.
Ebyafaayo
[edit | edit source]Burundi n'emwe aha mahanga makye omuri Afirika, hamwe na mutaahi waayo Rwanda hamwe n'agandi (nk'eya Botswana, Lesotho, hamwe na Eswatini), agarikugumizamu n'eitaka ry'eihanga rya Afirika ery'obutegyeki bw'amatware. Ebyafaayo bya Burundi eby'okubanza, okukira munonga omurimo n'emitwarize y'enganda ishatu ezirikukirayo obwingi omwihanga, aba Twa, abahutu n'abatutsi, nibihanuurwaho munonga omu beegi.
Obukama bwa Burundi
[edit | edit source]Obujurizi bw'okubanza oburikworeka eihanga rya Burundi bukaruga omu kyasha kya 16 obu ryatandikire aha rushozi rw'oburugwa izooba. Omu byasha ebyakuratsireho, kikashanjura, kyaza n'ebicweka ebikye ebirikwetorwaana. Obukama bwa Burundi nainga Urundi, omu kicweka kya Great Lakes, bukaba buri eihanga eririkutegyekwa omugabe w'eby'obuhangwa n'abanyiginya baingi ahansi ye; entaro z'okusikira zikaba ziri nyingi. [1] Omugabe, orikumanywa nka mwami (orikuvunuurwa nk'omutegyeki) akebembera abaami (ganwa) abaabaire beine eitaka erikukira obwingi kandi bakaba nibenda omushoro kuruga omu bahingi (abahutu abakuru) hamwe n'abariisa b'ente (abatutsi abakuru). Obukama bwa Burundi bukaba nibumanywa ahabw'obwebembezi bw'eby'obutegyeki hamwe n'okuguza ebintu.
Ahagati y'ekyasha kya 18,obugabe bw'Abatutsi bukongyera amaani omu by'eitaka, okukora, hamwe n'okugabura n'entunguuka y'omukago gwa abaubugabire, ahu abantu batungire obukuumi bw'obugabe, barikuhebwa ebishare hamwe n'obugabe bw'eitaka. Obwire obu, orugo rw'obugabe rukaba nirukorwa Abatutsi-Banyaruguru. Bakaba baine ekitiinisa ky'ahaiguru kukira abatungi abandi nka Abatutsi-Hima. Aha rurengo rw'ahansi omu bantu aba, hakaba harimu abahutu, kandi ahansi hakaba harimu aba Twa. Enkora ekaba eine oburemeezi. Abahutu abamwe bakaba bari ab'ekitiinisa kandi omu muringo ogu bakaba baine eki barikugamba aha ntwaza y'eihanga. [ 28)
Okushoroora abahutu nainga abatutsi tikurugiirire aha nganda zonka. Abahutu abaabaire nibatunga obugaiga n'amatungo, bakabaheebwa ekitiinisa ky'ahaiguru nk'abatutsi, kandi abamwe bakaba abahabuzi abakuru b'abaganda. Aha rubaju orundi, hariho ripoota ezirikukwata aha batutsi abafereirwe ente zaabo zoona, reero bafeerwa ekitiinisa kyabo ky'ahaiguru, reero beetwa abahutu. N'ahabw'ekyo, entaaniso ahagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi ekaba eri ey'obuhangwa, omu mwanya gw'obuhangwa. [29], [30], hakaba hariho ripoota nyingi ezirikukwata aha bushwere ahagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Okutwarira hamwe, enkoragana y'ebyanga hamwe n'okurwanira amaani bikakora omurimo gw'amaani omu by'obutegyeki bwa Burundi kukira enganda.
Obutegyeki bwa Bugirimaani na Bubirigi
[edit | edit source]Kuruga 1884, kampuni ya Bugirimaani eya East Africa Company ekaba neekora munonga omu kicweka kya African Great Lakes. Ahabw'obutaikirizana n'obutaikirizana aha nsharo ahagati ya kampuni ya Bugirimaani eya burugwa izooba bwa Africa, obutegyeki bwa Bungyereza hamwe n'obutegyeki bwa Zanzibar, obutegyeki bwa Bugirimaani bukashabwa kwihaho obwimukiriro bwa Abushiri n'okurinda ebyetengo by'obutegyeki omu kicweka ekyo. Ekitongore kya Bugirimaani ekya East Africa kikagarura obugabe bwakyo omu butegyeki bwa Bugirimaani omuri 1891, omu muringo ogu kikataho obutegyeki bwa Bugirimaani omuri burundi (Urundi),Rwanda (Rwanda), hamwe n'ekicweka kya Tanzania (ekyabaire kimanyirwe nka Tanganyika). Obutegyeki bwa Bugirimaani bukata amahe omuri Rwanda na Burundi aha muheru gw'emyaka ya 1880. Omwanya gw'orurembo rwa Gitega orw'erizooba gukakora nk'omwanya gw'obwebembezi omu kicweka kya Rwanda-Urundi.
Omu rutaro rw'ensi yoona orw'okubanza, ehururu ya burugwa izooba bwa Africa ekakora kihango aha kicweka kya African Great Lakes. Amahe g'amatware ga Bubirigi na Bungyereza gatandikire kurumba amatware ga Bugirimaani. Amahe ga Bugirimaani agabaire gari omuri Burundi gakagyemeserezibwa kugaruka enyima ahabw'amahe ga Bubirigi, kandi ebiro 17 okwa mukaaga 1916, Burundi na Rwanda zikaba zitwairwe. Amahe ga gavumenti hamwe n'amahe ga Bungyereza agarikukurira enyanja, gakataho omurimo gw'okutwara Tabora, omwanya gw'obwebembezi omuri German East Africa eya rwagati. Bwanyima y'orutaro, nk'oku kirikworekwa omu ndagaano ya Versailles, Bugirimaani ekagyemeserezibwa kuhayo obutegyeki bw'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa German East Africa omuri Bubirigi. [347]
Ebiro 20 Okwaikumi 1924, Rwanda-Urundi, eyabaire erimu Rwanda eya hati hamwe na Burundi, ekahinduka ekicweka kya Belgium ekya League of Nations mandate, na Usumbura nk'orurembo rwayo orukuru. Omu by'omugasho, kikaba nikitwarwa nk'ekicweka ky'obugabe bw'amatware ga Bubirigi. Burundi, nk'ekicweka kya Rwanda-Urundi, ekagumizamu n'obugabe bwayo n'obu haraabe hariho ab'obushoborozi kuruga Buraaya. [19]
Ababirigi, n'obu kiraabe kiri kityo, bakabiika ebitongore by'obugabe bwingi; obutegyeki bwa Burundi bukagumaho omu bwire bw'amatware. [1] Bwanyima y'orutaro rw'ensi yoona orwa kabiri,Rwanda-Urundi ekateebwa nk'ekicweka ky'amahanga geeteeraine ekiri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Bubirigi. [19] Omu myaka ya 1940, ebiragiro bingi bikareetaho okwebaganisamu omwihanga ryona. Ebiro 4 Okwaikumi 1943, obutegyeki bukataanisibwa omu gavumenti ya Burundi ahagati y'obwebembezi n'obwebembezi bukye. Obwebembezi bukuru bukaba nibujunanizibwa ahaitaka, kandi obwebembezi bukye bukatebwaho. Ab'obushoborozi b'ebyaro nabo bakaba baine obushoborozi. Omuri 1948, Bubirigi ekaikiriza ekicweka kutandikaho ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebibiina ebi bikareetaho okwetegyeka kwa Burundi kuruga omuri Bubirigi, ebiro 1 okwamushanju 1962.
Okwetegyeka
[edit | edit source]Ebiro 20 Okwakana 1959, omugabe Mwami Mwambutsa IV akashaba okwetegyeka kw'eihanga rya Burundi kuruga omuri Bubirigi hamwe n'okusharaho omukago gwa Rwanda na Burundi. Omu meezi agaakuratsireho,ebibiina by'obutegyeki bya Burundi bikatandika kurwanirira emperu y'obutegyeki bw'amatware ga Bubirigi hamwe n'okwahura Rwanda na Burundi. [37]. Ekibiina ky'obutegyeki eky'okubanza kandi ekirikusingayo obuhango n'ekya Union for National Progress (UPRONA).
Ekigyendererwa kya Burundi eky'okwetegyeka kikareetwaho orutaro rwa Rwanda hamwe n'obutabanguko hamwe n'entaro z'enganda ezabaireho. Ahabw'obutabanguko bw'eihanga rya Rwanda, abahungi baingi ab'eihanga rya Rwanda abatutsi bakaija omuri Burundi kuruga 1959 kuhisya 1961. [38], [39], [40] Oburuuru bwa Burundi obw'okubanza bukabaho ebiro 8 September 1961 kandi UPRONA, ekibiina ky'amahanga maingi ekyebemberwa omunyiginya w'eihanga Louis Rwagasore, kikasinga oburuuru oburikuhingura ebicweka 80% by'abateezi b'akaruuru. Bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ebiro 13 Okwaikumi, omunyiginya w'eihanga Rwagasore ow'emyaka 29, akaitwa, ekyamwiire Burundi ow'eihanga ryayo orikumanywa munonga kandi orikumanywa munonga.
Eihanga rikatwara okwetegyeka ebiro 1 okwamushanju 1962, kandi omu biragiro rikahindura eiziina ryaryo kuruga Rwanda-Urundi kuza Burundi. [42], Burundi ekahinduka obutegyeki bw'obutegyeki bw'engyenderwaho y'eihanga na Mwami Mwambutsa IV, ishe w'omunyiginya Rwagasore, arikuheereza nk'omugabe w'eihanga. [39], Ebiro 18 September 1962 Burundi ekegaita aha kibiina ky'amahanga geeteeraine. [1]
Omuri 1963, omugabe mwambutsa akaronda enganzi y'abahutu, Pierre Ngendandumwe, kwonka akaitwa ebiro 15 Okwakana 1965 omututsi omunyarwanda owabaire nakoresa ekitebe ky'eihanga rya Amerika. Okuitwa kukabaho omu bwire bw'oburemeezi bwa Congo obu amahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba agaabaire gatarikwikirizana n'obukomunisiti gaabaire nigateganisa China, obwo erikugyezaho kuhindura Burundi ekitebe ky'abahekyera b'obukomunisiti abarikurwanira omuri Congo. Akaruuru k'eishengyero omu kwezi kwakataano 1965 kakareeta abahutu abaingi omu ishengyero, kwonka omugabe mwambutsa ku yaatooraine enganzi y'eihanga ry'abahutu, abahutu abamwe bakareeba ngu eki kikaba kitari ky'oburingaaniza kandi obunkenke bw'enganda bukongyera. Omu kwezi kwa ikumi na mukaaga, hakabaho okugyezaho kurwanisa obutegyeki okwabaire kwebemberwa poriisi eyabaire erikwebemberwa abahutu kwonka kukaremwa. Amahe g'Abatutsi agarikwebemberwa Kapiteeni wabatutsi Michel Micombero, gakashohoza abahutu kuruga omu runyiriri rwabo, reero gaakora okwetomboita okwarugiremu okufa kw'abantu abarikuhika ahari 5,000, ekyaretsireho okwitwa kw'abantu baingi omuri Burundi omuri 1972.
Omugabe mwambutsa, owaabaire yahungiire omu ihanga omu bwire bw'okutegyeka eihanga omu kwezi kwa ikumi na mukaaga, 1965, akagwa omu ntebe omu kwezi kwa mushanju 1966 kandi omutabani we omushogoyo, omunyiginya Ntare V, akeetwara entebe y'obukama. Omu Kwaikumi na kumwe omwaka ogwe gumwe, enganzi y'Abatutsi, owaabaire ari Capt Michel Micombero, akakora okurwanisa okundi, omurundi ogu akaruga Ntare omu ntebe, yaihamu obutegyeki bw'obugabe bw'obugabe bw'obugabe bw'obugabe bw'obugabe bw'obugabe bw'obugabe bw'ob Nk'omwebembezi w'eihanga, Micombero akahinduka omurwanirizi w'obutegyeki bwa Afirika kandi yaatunga obuhwezi kuruga omuri China. Akataho obutegyeki burungi bw'ebiragiro n'obutereera kandi akacwekyereza amahe g'abahutu.
Entaro z'omunda hamwe n'okwita abantu omu nganda
[edit | edit source]Aha muheru gw'okwakana 1972, ebintu bibiri bikareetaho okubarukaho kw'ekittabantu ky'okubanza omuri Burundi. Eizooba 27 okwakana 1972, akaimukiriro akarikwebemberwa abahutu abaabaire bari abaserukare kakabarukaho omu ndembo za Rumonge na Nyanza-Lake kandi abahekyera bakarangirira obutegyeki bwa Martyazo obw'akaire kakye. Abaheekyera bakatahirira abatutsi hamwe n'abahutu ababaire bangire kwegaita aha buhekyera bwabo. [48], [49], omu kubarukaho kw'abahutu okw'okubanza, abantu 800 kuhisya aha 1200 bakaitwa. [50] Omu bwire bumwe, omugabe Ntare V owa Burundi akaruga omu buzaahe, ekyaretsireho obutabanguko omu by'obutegyeki omw'ihanga. Ebiro 29 Okwakana 1972, Ntare V ow'emyaka 24 akaitwa. Omu myezi eyaakuratsireho, Gavumenti ya Michel Micombero eyabaire erikwebemberwa Abatutsi, ekakoresa amahe okurwanisa abahutu abaheekyera n'okwita abahutu abarikukira obwingi. Omuhendo gw'abantu boona abaisirwe tikuratungirwe, kwonka okuteebereza okuriho hati nikuteeka omuhendo gw'abantu abaisirwe ahagati ya 80,000 na 210,000. [50] Okwongyera ahari ekyo, abahutu enkumi n'enkumi nibatekatekwaho kuba bahungiire Zaïre, Rwanda na Tanzania. [50] [50]
Ahanyima y'orutaro rw'omunda hamwe n'ekittabantu, Micombero akagwa omutwe kandi yaarugayo. Omuri 1976, Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Omutuusi, akebembera okuhenda eihanga ry'e Micombero kandi yaataho enteekateeka y'okureetaho empinduka. Obwebembezi bwe bukakora engyenderwaho nsya omuri 1981, ekyarekire Burundi nk'eihanga ry'ekibiina kimwe. Omu kwezi kwamunaana, 1984, Bagaza akatooranwa nk'omwebembezi w'eihanga. Omu butegyeki bwe, Bagaza akazibira abarikumuhakanisa omu by'obutegyeki hamwe n'obugabe bw'ediini.
Major Pierre Buyoya, omutuusi, akaihamu Bagaza omuri 1987, yaayemereza engyenderwaho y'eihanga hamwe n'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Akagaruraho obutegyeki bw'amahe kuruga omu kakiiko k'amahe ak'okukiza eihanga (CSMN). (39) Puroganda y'enganda ezirikurwanisa aba Tutsi eyajanjairwe abasigarira b'ekibiina kya UBU ekya 1972, ekyabaire kigarukire kitegyekirwe nka PALIPEHUTU omuri 1981, ekyarugiremu okwitwa kw'abatutsi omu matemba ga Ntega na Marangara omuri August 1988. Gavumenti ekata omuhendo gw'abafiire ahari 5,000 [citation needed] ebibiina by'obutegyeki eby'ensi yoona [nibaaha? akaba naateekateeka ngu eki tikirikworeka ngu abantu baingi bakafa.
Obutegyeki obusya tibukareetaho okuhooraana kw'amaani okwa 1972. Amaani gaayo g'okutunga obwesigye bw'abantu gakacumbagirwa obu yaragiire ngu abo boona abaabaire bashabire, bakozire, kandi bakatwara ekitiinisa ky'okwita abantu. Abarikucondooza ahaby'obuhangwa beetsire obwire obu entandikwa y'obuhangwa bw'obutabonerezibwa. "Abashwijumi abandi nibagira ngu "obuhangwa bw'obutabonerezibwa" bukatandika kare, omuri 1965 na 1972, obu abahutu bakye abarikwetegyerezibwa batandikaho obwisi bw'Abatutsi. [citation needed]
Ahanyima y'okwitwa, guruupu y'abahutu abakugu ekahandiikira Pierre Buyoya ebaruha, barikushaba abahutu kweyongyera kujwekyerwa omu bwebembezi. Bakakwatwa babohwa. Bwanyima y'esande nkye, Buyoya akatoorana gavumenti ensya, erimu abahutu n'abatutsi abarikwingana. Akatoorana Adrien Sibomana (Hutu) nk'enganzi y'eihanga. Buyoya akatandikaho akakiiko k'okukora aha nshonga z'okukwatanisa kw'eihanga. [39],omuri 1992,gavumenti ekataho engyenderwaho ensya eyabaire neeha enkora y'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi, [39], kwonka orutaro rw'omunda rukabarukaho.
Nikiteeberezibwa ngu abantu 250,000 bakafeera omuri Burundi omu ntaro ezitarikushushana ahagati ya 1962 na 1993.
Kuruga obu Burundi yatunga okwetegyeka omuri 1962, ebikorwa bibiri by'ekittabantu bibaireho omu ihanga: okwitwa kw'abantu baingi abahutu kuruga omu mahe g'abahutu omuri 1972, hamwe n'okwitwa kw'abantu baingi abahutu omuri 1993. Ebyombi bikashoboororwaho nk'obwimukiriro omu ripoota y'ahamuheru y'akakiiko k'amahanga goona akarikucondooza ahari Burundi akaheebwa akakiiko k'eby'okwerinda k'ekibiina ky'amahanga geeteeraine omu mwaka gwa 2002.