Wp/nyn/Armenia
| part of | West Asia, Eastern Europe  |
|---|---|
| inception | 23 September 1991 |
| name in native language | Հայաստան |
| native label | Հայաստան |
| ethnic group | Armenians, Yazidis |
| official language | Armenian |
| anthem | Mer Hayrenik |
| culture | culture of Armenia |
| continent | Asia |
| country | Armenia |
| capital | Yerevan |
| located in time zone | UTC+04:00 |
| coordinate location | 40°23′0″N 44°57′0″E |
| coordinates of easternmost point | 39°13′52″N 46°38′3″E |
| coordinates of northernmost point | 41°18′0″N 45°0′0″E |
| coordinates of southernmost point | 38°50′25″N 46°10′26″E |
| coordinates of westernmost point | 41°5′57″N 43°26′50″E |
| geoshape | Data:Armenia.map |
| highest point | Mount Aragats |
| lowest point | Debed |
| basic form of government | republic, unitary state, parliamentary system |
| office held by head of state | President of Armenia |
| head of state | Vahagn Khachatryan |
| office held by head of government | Prime Minister of Armenia |
| head of government | Nikol Pashinyan |
| executive body | Government of Armenia |
| legislative body | National Assembly of Armenia |
| highest judicial authority | Constitutional Court of Armenia |
| central bank | Central Bank of Armenia |
| member of | United Nations |
| currency | Armenian dram |
| shares border with | Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia |
| driving side | right |
| electrical plug type | Europlug, Schuko |
| replaces | Soviet Union |
| official website | https://e-gov.am |
| hashtag | Armenia, armenia |
| top-level Internet domain | .am, .հայ |
| flag | flag of Armenia |
| coat of arms | Coat of arms of Armenia |
| geography of topic | geography of Armenia |
| has characteristic | partly free country |
| history of topic | history of Armenia |
| official religion | Christianity |
| railway traffic side | right |
| maintained by WikiProject | WikiProject Armenia |
| economy of topic | economy of Armenia |
| demographics of topic | demographics of Armenia |
| mobile country code | 283 |
| telephone country code | +374 |
| trunk prefix | 0 |
| emergency phone number | 112, 101, 102, 103 |
| GS1 country code | 485 |
| licence plate code | AM |
| maritime identification digits | 216 |
| Unicode character | 🇦🇲 |
| category for honorary citizens of entity | Q7981767 |
| category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Armenia |
Armenia, [1]omu butongore Republic of Armenia, n'eihanga eritarikuhika aha itaka omumishozi ya Armenia omuri Asia y'oburengyerwa-izooba. [3] [9][e] N'ekicweka ky'ekicweka kya Caucasian kandi kirimu ensharo na Turkey omu burengyerwizooba, Georgia omu matemba ga Azerbaijan omu burugwa izooba, hamwe na Iran hamwe n'ekicweka kya Azerbaijan ekya Nakhchivan omu mashuuma. [1] Yerevan n'orurembo orukuru, orurembo orurikukirayo obuhango hamwe n'omwanya gw'eby'empiiha.
Ensharo za Armenia zitwiire amaka g'abantu ba Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria na Nairi. Omuri 600 BC, orurimi orurikumanywa nka Proto-Armenian, orurimi rwa Indo-European, rukaba rwajanjaire omu byaro bya Armenia. [1] [2]Eihanga rya Armenia ery'okubanza erya Urartu rikatandikwaho omuri 860 BC, kandi omu kyasha kya mukaaga BC, rikahindurwa Satrapy ya Armenia. Obukama bwa Armenia bukatunga obuhango bwabwo ahansi y'obwebembezi bwa Tigranes omukuru omu kyasha ky'okubanza BC, kandi omu mwaka gwa AD 301, bukaba eihanga ry'okubanza omu nsi yoona kutwara obukristaayo nk'ediini yaayo. [14],[15],[16],[17],Armenia ekirikwikiriza ekanisa ya Armenian Apostolic Church, ekanisa y'eihanga erikukirayo obukuru omunsi yoona, nk'ekitongore ky'ediini ekikuru omu ihanga. [17[g] Obukama bwa Armenia obw'obukuru bukagabwa ahagati y'obugabe bwa Byzantine na Sasanian aha kutandika kw'ekyasha kya 5. Ahansi y'obutegyeki bwa Bagratuni,obugabe bwa Bagratid bwa Armenia bukagarurwaho omu kyasha kya mwenda batakagwa omuri 1045. Armenia eya Silicia, obutegyeki bwa Armenia kandi bwanyima obugabe, bukashangwa aha rubaju rw'enyanja ya Mediterranean ahagati y'ekyasha kya 11 na 14.
Ahagati y'ekyasha kya 16 n'ekya 19, eihanga rya Armenia ery'obuhangwa eririmu Armenia y'oburugwa izooba hamwe n'ey'oburengyerwa-izooba, rikaba riri ahansi y'obutegyeki bwa Ottoman hamwe n'obw'Abaperesi. Omu kyasha kya 19, Armenia y'oburugwa eizooba ekaba esingirwe obutegyeki bwa Russia, kandi Armenia y'oburengyerwa izooba ekaba ekiri ahansi y'obutegyeki bwa Ottoman. Omu rutaro rw'ensi yoona orw'okubanza, 1. ab'eihanga rya Armenia miriyoni 5 bakacwekyerezibwa omu bwimukiriro. Omuri 1918, ahanyima y'obutabanguko bwa Russia, amahanga agatari ga Russia gakarangirira okwetegyeka kwago bwanyima y'obugabe bwa Russia kurekyeraho kubaho, ekyarugiremu okutandikaho eihanga rya Armenia ery'okubanza. Omuri 1920, eihanga rikagaitwa omuri Soviet Union nka Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Republic ya Armenia eriho obwahati ekatunga okwetegyeka omuri 1991 obu ekibiina kya Soviet Union kyagwire.
Armenia ey'omurembe egi n'eihanga eririkukwatanisa, eririmu ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi kandi eririmu obugabe bw'abantu. N'eihanga eririkutunguuka kandi n'ery'omurundi gwa 69 omu by'entunguuka y'abantu omuri 2023. [7] Ebyentatsya yaayo neesigama munonga aha kukora amakorero hamwe n'okwihaho eby'obugaiga bw'omu itaka. N'obu Armenia eri omu kicweka ky'amashuuma ga Caucasus, Armenia neeyetwara nk'ekicweka kya Buraaya, kandi buriijo neetwarwa nk'ekicweka kya buraaya omu by'obutegyeki. Eihanga ni memba w'ebitongore bya Buraaya bingi otwariiremu ekitongore ky'eby'okwerinda n'okukwatanisa omuri Buraaya, akakiiko ka buraaya, omukago gw'oburugwa izooba, Eurocontrol, orukiiko rw'amahanga ga buraaya hamwe na banka ya buraaya ey'okugaruka kwombeka n'entunguuka. Armenia ni memba w'ebibiina by'ebyanga ebimwe omuri Yurasia, otwariiremu banka y'entunguuka omuri Asia, ekibiina ky'eby'okwerinda ekya Collective Security Treaty Organization, omukago gw'eby'entaasya omuri Yurasia hamwe na banka y'entunguuka omuri Yurasia. Armenia ekahagira eihanga rya Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), eryabaire ryetongoire kuruga omuri Azerbaijan omuri 1991, kuhisya obu Azerbaijan yaagaruka omu kicweka ekyo kurabira omu kuzingiza hamwe n'okurumba kw'amahe omuri 2023.
Eiziina ry'eihanga rya Armenia ery'okubanza, rikaba nirigira nti Hek (Hek'); kwonka hati tikirikukoresibwa munonga. Eiziina ry'obwahati Armenia (Hayastan) rikamanyibwa munonga omu myaka yahagati, ahabw'okwongyeraho ekigambo ky'Abaperesi -stan (omwanya). [18]. Kwonka oburugo bw'eiziina Hayastan bukaruga kare munonga kandi bukabanza kuhamibwa omuri c. omu kyasha kya 5 omu bitabo bya Agathangelos, [19], [20], Faustus owa Byzantium, [20], [21], Ghazar Parpetsi, [23], Koryun, [24], na Sebeos. [7]
Eiziina rikaruga ahari Hayk (Հայկ), omushaija mukuru w'Abaarmenya kandi omwijukuru wa Noa, orikugyendera aha muhandiiki w'ekyasha kya kataano, Mosis Khorenatsi, akasingura omugabe wa Babulooni Bel omuri 2492 BC, yaataho eihanga rye omu kicweka kya Ararat. [26]. Ensibuko y'eiziina terikwetegyerezibwa. Nikiteekateekwaho [27], [28] ngu eiziina Hay niruruga omu ihanga rimwe aha mahanga abiri agarikukwatanisa, Hittite vassal states the ayacha-Azzi (16001200 BC).
Eiziina Armenia nirishangwa omu kihandiiko ky'Abaperesi aba ira ekya Behistun (515 BC) nka Armina (). Ebigambo by'orugriika eby'obuhangwa ρμενία (Armenia) hamwe ρ Armenios (Arménioi, "Abaarmenia") bikabanza kugambwaho Hecataeus owa Miletus (c. 550 BC c. 476 BC). [29], Xenophon, omujwekyerwa w'Abagriika owaabaire naaheereza omu ntambura z'Abaperesi, naashoboorora enshonga nyingi ezirikukwata aha magara g'ebyaro hamwe n'okwakira abagyenyi omuri 401 BC. [
Abacondooza abamwe bakwatanisa eiziina Armenia n'obwire bwa Armani (Armanum, Armi) nainga obwa Arme (Shupria). [31] Enkoragana egi terikwetegyerezibwa ahabwokuba tikirikumanywa endimi ezibaire nizigambwa omu bugabe obu. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, n'obu kirikwikirizibwa ngu Armani ekaba eri omu burengyerwizooba bw'enyanja Van (obundi haihi na Sason, n'ahabw'ekyo omu kicweka kya Armenia ekikuru), omwanya gw'omwanya mukuru ogwa Armani n'eshonga y'okuhanuura. Abakyondoozi abamwe ab'omurembe gw'obwahati bagiteire haihi na Samsat ey'omurembe gw'obwahati, kandi bagambire ngu ekaba erimu abantu, haakiri omu bicweka, abantu abaabaire nibagamba orurimi rwa Indo-European. Nikiza kubaho ngu eiziina Armenia niritandikira omuri Armini, Urartian eririkumanyisa "omutuuragye wa Arme" nainga "Eihanga rya Armenia". Ekika kya Arme omu bihandiiko bya Urartian nikibaasa kuba kyabaire kiri ekya Urumu, omu kyasha kya 12 BC ekyagyezaho kutahirira Assyria kuruga omu matemba n'abanywani baabo aba Mushki na Kaskians. Aba Urumu nibareebeka bakatuura haihi na Sason, barikuheereza eiziina ryabo omu byanga bya Arme hamwe n'eitaka eriri haihi erya Urume na Inner Urumu. [35].
Kurugirira aha byafaayo bya Moses Khorenatsi na Michael Chamchian,Armenia neetandikira aha iziina rya Aram, omwijukuru wa Hayk. [36] [37] Omu Baiburi y'Oruheburaayo, Tabule y'amahanga neegamba aha Aramu nk'omutabani wa Sheemu, ou ekitabo kya Jubilee kirikworeka, kandi ahari Aramu hakarugaho ekicweka kya kana, ensi yoona eya Mesopotamia ahagati ya Tigris na Furaati, omu matemba g'Abakaldayo, aha nsharo y'enshozi za [38].
ubilee 8: 21 nayo neegabana enshozi za Ararat ahari Sheemu, Jubilee 9: 5 erikushoboorora ngu zikagabirwa Aramu. [38].
Aramu ekaba eine Abaaramu, abu Abagriika beetaga Abasiria. . . Aha batabani bana ba Aram, Uz akatandika Trachonitis na Damascus: eihanga eri riri ahagati ya Palestine na Celesyria. Akatandikaho Armenia; hamwe na Gather aba Bactrians; hamwe na Mesa aba Mesaneans; hati neeyetwa Charax Spasini. [70]
Ebyafaayo Enkora y'abantu ey'okubanza neshagikwa obubaho bw'ebikwato bya Achelean, haihi n'ebihingirwe bya obsidia emyaka miriyoni emwe enyimaho. [41], Okushohoza okurikukirayo obwahati n'okw'omugasho n'omu mwanya gwa Norgh 1 Stone Age omu kicweka ky'omugyera Hrazdan. [42 ] Enkumi n'enkumi z'ebintu eby'obuhangwa eby'emyaka 325,000, nibibaasa kworeka ngu omutendera ogu ogw'okujumbura kwa tekinorogiya y'abantu gukabaho omu nsi yoona eya ira, omu mwanya gw'okujanjaara kuruga omu mwanya gumwe ogurikutandikirwaho (ogurikukira kuteekateekwaho kuba Afirika), nk'oku kyabaire nikiteekateekwa [43].
Emyanya mingi y'okutuuramu y'omurembe gw'ekikomo eyombekirwe omuri Armenia (Ekiwonko kya Ararat, Shengavit, Harich, Karaz, Amiranisghora, Margahovit, Garni, n'ebirara. ). Emwe aha myanya y'omugasho y'obwire bw'ekikomo ekya kare, n'emyanya y'okutuuramu eya Shengavit. Kikaba nikishangwa aha mwanya gw'orurembo orukuru rwa Armenia erizooba, Yerevan.
Ebya ira Armenia eri omu myanya y'emishozi eyehinguririize enshozi za Ararat. Hariho obuhame oburikworeka entunguuka eya ira omuri Armenia omu myaka y'ekikomo n'enyimaho, kuruga omuri 4000 BC. Okucondooza kw'eby'obuhangwa omuri 2010 na 2011 aha kizimbe kya Areni-1 kireesire okujumburwa kw'enkaito z'omubiri ezirikukirayo obukuru omunsi yoona, [45], [46], sikati, [47], hamwe n'omwanya gw'okukoreramu viinyo. [48
Eby'obuhangwa n'amahanga maingi g'omulembe gw'ekikomo bikakurakurakurana omu kicweka kya Armenia ekikuru, otwariiremu eby'obuhangwa bya Trialeti-Vanadzor, Hayasa-Azzi, hamwe na Mitanni (ebirikushangwa omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Armenia ey'ebyafaayo), byona ebirikuteekateekwaho kuba [49], [50], [50], [50], [50], [50] ekibiina kya Nairi hamwe n'ekyarugiremu, Urartu, kikataho obutegyeki bwabyo aha bisharara bya Armenia. Buri ihanga hamwe n'amahanga agarikugambwaho ahaiguru gaketaba omu kutandika kw'abantu ba Armenia. [50] [51] [52] [53] Ekihandiiko kihango ekya cuneiform ekyasangirwe omuri Yerevan nikyoreka ngu ekibuga ekikuru ekya Armenia eky'obunaku obu kikatebwaho omubwiire bwa 782 BC omugabe Argishti I. Yerevan n'emwe aha ndembo ezirikusingayo obukuru omunsi yoona. [59].
Bwanyima y'okugwa kw'eihanga rya Urartu aha kutandika kw'ekyasha kya mukaaga BC, ebisharara bya Armenia bikaba biri ahansi y'obutegyeki bw'Abameedi, kandi bwanyima y'ekyo bikaba biri kimwe aha butegyeki bwa Achemenid. Armenia ekaba eri ekicweka ky'eihanga rya Achemenid kuruga omu kicweka kya kabiri eky'ekyasha kya mukaaga BC kuhisya ekicweka kya kabiri eky'ekyasha kya kana BC, ekyabaganisamu ebicweka bibiri: XIII (ekicweka ky'oburengyerwa-izooba, n'ekibuga ekikuru omuri Melitene) hamwe na VIII (ekicweka ky [60] Aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya mukaaga BC, ekicweka ky'eitaka eky'okubanza ekyabaire nikyetwa Armenia abantu abaherereire kikatebwaho omu butegyeki bwa Orontid. [60]
Obukama bukatunga okwetegyeka kuruga omu butegyeki bwa Seleucid omuri 190 BC ahansi y'omugabe Artaxias I kandi bwatandika obutegyeki bwa Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia ekatunguuka ahaiguru ahagati ya 95 na 66 BC ahansi ya Tigranes the Great, yaahinduka obugabe oburikukirayo amaani omu bwire bwabwo burugwa izooba bwa Roman Republic. [60] Omu byasha ebyakuratsireho,Armenia ekaba eri omu butegyeki bwa Persian empire omu butegyeki bwa Tiridates I, omutandiiki w'obutegyeki bwa Arsacid omuri Armenia, obwabaire buri eitaagi ry'obutegyeki bwa Parthian. Omu byafaayo byayo byona,obugabe bwa Armenia bukashemererwa omu bwire bw'okwetegyeka hamwe n'obwire bw'okwetegyeka omu butegyeki oburiho hati. Omwanya gwayo ogw'omugasho ahagati y'amahanga abiri, gukareetaho okutahirira kw'abantu baingi, otwariiremu Abaasiria (ahansi ya Ashurbanipal, ahagati ya 669-627 BC, ensharo za Asiria zikahika omuri Armenia hamwe n'enshozi za Caucasian), Aba Media, obutegyeki bwa Achemenid, Abagirika, Aba Part
Ediini omuri Armenia eya ira ekaba neekwatanisa n'enyikiriza nyingi, omuri Persia, ekyarugiremu enkora ya Zoroastrianism. Kikaba nikigyenderera munonga okuramya Mithra kandi kikaba kirimu na ruhanga nka Aramazd, Vahagan, Anahit na Astghik. Eihanga rikakoresa karenda ya Armenia eya soora, eyabaire erimu emyezi 12. [65].
Obukristaayo bukajanjaara omu ihanga aha kutandika kw'ekyasha kya kana. [1] Omugabe Tiridates III akahindura obukurisitaayo ediini y'eihanga omuri 301, [1] [1] ekirikumanyisa okujeemera obutegyeki bwa Sassanian, nikireebeka, [1] akahinduka eihanga ry'okubanza ery'abakurisitaayo omu butongore, emyaka ikumi bukya obutegyeki bwa Rooma buheereza obukurisitaayo okugumisiriza omu butongore ahansi ya Gal Eki kitakahikire, omu bwire bwa Parthia obw'ahamuheru, Armenia ekaba eri eihanga rya Zoroaster. [67].
Bwanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Armenia omuri 428, ebicweka bingi ebya Armenia bikakwatanisibwa nk'obugabe bw'obugabe bwa Sasanian. [68], ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Avaray omuri 451, abakristaayo ba Armenia bakaguma n'ediini yaabo, kandi Armenia ekatunga okwetegyeka. [69].